prepu elimination
A nurse is assessing a client with suspected urine retention. Which assessment findings will help to confirm this diagnosis? Select all that apply.
Frequency Straining when initiating urination Feelings of incomplete bladder emptying
The nurse is caring for a patient with severe pain related to ureteral colic. What medication can the nurse administer with a physician's order that will inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandin E, thereby reducing swelling and facilitating passage of the stone?
Ketoralac (Toradol)
how many components does the bladder have
2
A client is suspected to have chronic kidney disease (CKD). The nurse will use which glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to aid in this diagnosis?
60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or less for 3 months
The nurse is caring for a client with a nursing diagnosis of "Impaired urinary elimination related to discomfort of urinary tract infection." Which medication will provide comfort to this client?
Phenazopyridine
A client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with GFR < 5 mL/min/1.73 m2 should be monitored for which fluid and electrolyte imbalance? Select all that apply.`
Polyuria Hyperkalemia Hypocalcemia Hyponatremia
The nurse explains the three sections of the catheter and talks about the two cuffs on the dialysis catheter. What would the nurse explain about the cuffs? Select all that apply.
The cuffs are made of Dacron polyester. The cuffs stabilize the catheter. The cuffs prevent the dialysate from leaking. The cuffs provide a barrier against microorganisms. do not absorb
Because of difficulties with hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis is initiated to treat a client's uremia. Which finding during this procedure signals a significant problem?
White blood cell (WBC) count of 20,000/mm3
When assessing a client with chronic glomerulonephritis, the nurse notes that the client has generalized edema. The nurse documents this as which of the following?
anasarca
During hemodialysis, toxins and wastes in the blood are removed by which of the following?
diffusion
A client in chronic renal failure becomes confused and complains of abdominal cramping, racing heart rate, and numbness of the extremities. The nurse relates these symptoms to which of the following lab values?
hyperkalemia
As renal failure progresses and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) falls, which of the following changes occur?
Hyperphosphatemia
Which client is displaying manifestations of having a kidney stone?
Acute onset of colicky flank pain radiating to lower abdomen
When caring for the client with kidney failure, the nurse anticipates that which laboratory test abnormalities will be present? Select all that apply.
Elevated potassium Decreased calcium Increased creatinine
The nurse has identified the nursing diagnosis of "Risk for Infection" in a client who undergoes peritoneal dialysis. What nursing action best addresses this risk?
Maintain aseptic technique when administering dialysate.
A client reports urinary frequency, urgency, and dysuria. Which of the following would the nurse most likely suspect?
infection
Renal calculi can form anywhere in the urinary tract. What is their most common formation site?
kidney
The nurse performs a physical examination on a client diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis to assist in determining which of the following?
location of discomfort
A client with a history of chronic renal failure receives hemodialysis treatments three times per week through an arteriovenous (AV) fistula in the left arm. Which intervention should the nurse include in the care plan?
Assess the AV fistula for a bruit and thrill.
A client with chronic renal failure (CRF) is receiving a hemodialysis treatment. After hemodialysis, the nurse knows that the client is most likely to experience:
weight loss
A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with acute renal failure. The nurse notes on the intake and output record that the total urine output for the previous 24 hours was 35 mL. Urine output that's less than 50 ml in 24 hours is known as:
anuria
A client with a recent diagnosis of renal failure requiring hemodialysis is being educated in the dietary management of the disease. Which statement by the client shows an accurate understanding of this component of treatment? Select all that apply.
"I'll increase the carbohydrates in my diet to provide sufficient energy." "I've made a list of high-phosphate foods so that I can try to avoid them."
A client with chronic renal failure comes to the clinic for a visit. During the visit, he complains of pruritus. Which suggestion by the nurse would be most appropriate?
"Keep your showers brief, patting your skin dry after showering."
An investment banker with chronic renal failure informs the nurse of the choice for continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis. Which is the best response by the nurse?
"This type of dialysis will provide more independence."
The health care provider is comparing results of a client's recent GFR measurement. Which result would be interpreted as normal?
120-1330 mL/min
The nurse is caring for a patient recently diagnosed with renal calculi. The nurse should instruct the patient to increase fluid intake to a level where the patient produces at least how much urine each day?
2,000 mL
A geriatric nurse is caring for several clients. Which alterations in health should the nurse attribute to age-related physiologic changes?
A 78-year-old woman's GFR has been steadily declining over several years.
The nurse is performing palpation of the kidney during assessment of the client on the urology unit. The nurse plans to palpate in which area?
Between the 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebrae
A geriatric nurse is performing an assessment of body systems on an 85-year-old client. The nurse should be aware of what age-related change affecting the renal or urinary system?
Decreased glomerular filtration rate
Which procedure is a nonsurgical method of treatment for renal calculi (kidney stones)?
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
A client with acute renal failure progresses through four phases. Which describes the onset phase?
It is accompanied by reduced blood flow to the nephrons
A client with decreased urine output refractory to fluid challenges is evaluated for renal failure. Which condition may cause the intrinsic (intrarenal) form of acute renal failure?
Nephrotoxic injury secondary to use of contrast media
The nurse is caring for a client who underwent percutaneous lithotripsy earlier in the day. What instruction should the nurse give the client?
Notify the health care provider about cloudy or foul-smelling urine.
The nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about the formation of urine in the nephron. Which component does the nurse teach is a component of the nephron? Select all that apply.
Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Distal convoluted tubule Collecting tubule
A client is experiencing a decreasing glomerular filtration. What laboratory values should the nurse expect to follow the change? Select all that apply.
Serum creatinine increases Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increases Creatinine clearance decreases
The nurse will monitor which clients at risk for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD)? Select all that apply.
Systemic lupus erythematosus Polycystic kidney disease Glomerulonephritis Diabetes
The nurse is conducting discharge teaching for a client who was admitted with a kidney stone. The nurse includes which instruction as a measure to prevent additional kidney stones?
avoid drinking tea
The nurse is reviewing the results of a urinalysis on a client with acute pyelonephritis. Which of the following would the nurse most likely expect to find?
pyuria
A client who is suspected of having acute renal failure would first be assessed by which blood tests?
creatinine blood urea nitrogen
A client has presented with signs and symptoms that are characteristic of acute kidney injury, but preliminary assessment reveals no obvious risk factors for this health problem. The nurse should recognize the need to interview the client about what topic?
current medication use
Which of the following would a nurse classify as a prerenal cause of acute renal failure?
septic shock
A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is starting hemodialysis. Which diet will the dialysis nurse likely recommend?
diet low in protein but includes eggs and lean meat
Which phase of acute renal failure signals that glomerular filtration has started to recover?
diuretic
A nurse is caring for a client with end-stage renal failure who has symptoms of anemia. The nurse anticipates administering which intervention to increase red blood cell production?
epoetin alfa
Which nursing assessment finding indicates that the client who has undergone renal transplant has not met expected outcomes?
fever, will be removed
When caring for the client with proteinuria, the nurse recognizes that dysfunction in which structure of the kidney allows protein to leak into the urine?
glomerulus
The nurse is caring for a client whose acute kidney injury has prerenal cause. What most likely caused this client's health problem?
heart failure
What are appropriate interventions in the care of a client diagnosed with renal calculi? Select all that apply.
strain the urine address the pain keep track of I/O
A client with end-stage kidney disease has developed anemia. The nurse teach this client that the reason anemia has developed is:
the damaged kidney is unable to produce erythropoietin.
The nurse will monitor the client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) for which possible cardiovascular changes?
hypertension heart failure pericarditis
The nurse recognizes that which risk factor does NOT predispose a client to the development of kidney stones?
hypoparathyroidism
The nurse is providing supportive care to a client receiving hemodialysis in the management of acute renal failure. Which statement from the nurse best reflects the ability of the kidneys to recover from acute renal failure?
kidneys can improve over a period of months
The nurse cares for a client with acute kidney injury (AKI). The client is experiencing an increase in the serum concentration of urea and creatinine. The nurse determines the client is experiencing which phase of AKI?
oliguria
A client with postrenal acute kidney injury (AKI) exhibits oliguria and edema with laboratory results revealing increased levels of urea, potassium, and creatinine. Based on these data, which phase of AKI is this client most likely experiencing?
oliguric phase
Retention of which electrolyte is the most life-threatening effect of renal failure?
potassium
The nurse is planning the care for a client with acute kidney injury (AKI). What should the nurse prioritize in the client's plan of care? Select all that apply.
promote infection control assess fluid balance monitor electrolytes
The nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about the major functions of the kidney. What should the nurse include in the discussion? Select all that apply.
Elimination of water Removal of waste products Removal of excess electrolytes Controls blood pressure Regulate calcium and the synthesis of vitamin D Activates growth hormone Regulates red blood cell production
The nurse is assigned to care for a patient in the oliguric phase of kidney failure. When does the nurse understand that oliguria is said to be present?
when urine output is less than 30 mL/hr
