PREPU Exam Questions

The nurse documents the presence of nystagmus when assessing a client. This can be interpreted as:

Involuntary eye movements that preserve eye fixation on stable objects in the visual field

Which of these clients' statements would be most suggestive of retinal detachment?

"I feel like there's a shadow that's blocking my vision."

A patient has shingles. What is the best time frame for the initiation of oral and intravenous antiviral drugs after the appearance of a rash to reduce the incidence of ocular complication?

3 days

A 69-year-old patient comes to the clinic for a routine checkup. Upon examination the nurse practitioner informs the patient that she has cataracts. The patient then tells the nurse that she already knew that and her physician told her that she could use bifocals and that would take care of the problem. What would be the best response by the nurse practitioner?

"Surgery is the only effective treatment for cataracts."

A client has just been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia and is asking what treatment will be needed. Which responses is best for the nurse to educate this client about? Select all that apply.

-Smoking cessation -Dietary measures to reduce LDL levels -Weight reduction if overweight

By definition, hypertension is systolic blood pressure of ____ mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of ____ mm Hg or higher.

140; 90

Which of the following types of aortic aneurysms is the most common?

Abdominal aortic

A client with a diagnosis of chronic renal failure secondary to diabetes has seen a gradual increase in her blood pressure over the past several months, culminating in a diagnosis of secondary hypertension. Which of the following has most likely resulted in the client's increased blood pressure?

Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism

Which of the following clients should most likely be assessed for orthostatic hypotension?

An 80-year-old elderly client who has experienced two falls since admission while attempting to ambulate to the bathroom

A client has shingles. Which ocular signs should the nurse assess for in a client with shingles? Select all that apply.

Anterior uveitis Conjunctivitis

A postsurgical client reports calf pain combined with the emergence of swelling and redness in the area, which have culminated in a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. What treatment options will be of greatest benefit to this client?

Anticoagulation therapy and elevation of the leg

In pregnancy, which of the following data are diagnostic for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia?

Blood pressure 160/100 mm Hg and proteinuria during the 30th week of pregnancy

Atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease is symptomatic with at least 50% occlusion. The primary peripheral symptom, due to ischemia, is:

Calf pain

A 56-year-old male patient has been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia. Which of the following are the lab results that support this diagnosis?

Cholesterol 250 mg/dL and HDL 32 mg/dL

Which receptor type requires bright light for generation of nerve impulses?

Cones

The client is immobilized following a hip injury and has begun demonstrating lower leg discoloration with edema, pain, tenderness, and increased warmth in the midcalf area. He has many of the manifestations of:

Deep vein thrombosis

The client has been diagnosed with impaired blood flow in the deep venous channels of her legs. The nurse explains that which of the following is the most common cause of this condition?

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Raynaud disease or phenonemon is a functional disorder caused by intense vasospasm of the arteries and arterioles in which of the following?

Fingers

The client with pancreatitis is noted to have a high triglyceride count. Which medications could the practitioner initiate to decrease triglyceride level?

Gemfibrozil

The client has symptoms of a focal inflammatory condition of medium-sized and large arteries which includes diplopia. Which condition does the client have?

Giant cell temporal arteritis

The nurse is teaching a class on reduction of cardiovascular disease. Which of the following demonstrates an intervention that is cognizant of the modifiable risk factors for hyperlipidemia?

Going for a brisk walk with a friend and talking to him about continuing to exercise regularly

A 50-year-old man is having routine blood work done as part of his yearly physical. The doctor informs him that his good cholesterol is low. To which form of cholesterol is the doctor referring?

HDL

A patient comes to the clinic complaining of anorexia, weight loss, fever, fatigue along with paresthesias, pain, and weakness of the lower extremities. Assessment findings include reddish blue, mottled areas of discoloration to the skin of the lower extremities. Laboratory findings include an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukocytosis, anemia, and abnormal liver function tests. A diagnosis of necrotizing vasculitis is confirmed through biopsy. The nurse anticipates treatment with which of the following medications?

High-dose corticosteroid therapy and cytotoxic immunosuppressant agents

A patient tells the nurse of being able to see everything in the distance very clearly. The patient has difficulty seeing clearly close up. The nurse has to document in the electronic medical record what condition for this patient?

Hyperopia

The nurse is conducting a community education class on amblyopia. The nurse determines that the participants are understanding the concepts when they identify which of the following as the time when amblyopia is generally diagnosed?

Infancy

The student attends a health fair and has his serum cholestrol checked. He has a high lipoprotein level (LDL). He understands which of the following about LDL cholesterol?

It is believed to play an active role in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic lesion.

During an eye assessment the nurse notes inflammation of the client's cornea. The nurse should document this as which of the following?

Keratitis

The nurse is counseling a client regarding a high cholesterol level. The nurse teaches the client that which of the following lipoproteins is the main carrier of cholesterol?

LDL

A patient has been diagnosed with hemianopia. The patient asks the nurse what this is describing concerning the eye?

Loss of half of the visual field in one eye

Because cholesterol is insoluble in plasma, it is mainly carried by which of the following lipoproteins?

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

A patient has glaucoma. The nurse is taking a health history and knows that the most common form of glaucoma is which type?

Open angle

While lecturing on blood pressure, the nurse will emphasize that the body maintains its blood pressure by adjusting the cardiac output to compensate for changes in which of the following physiologic processes?

Peripheral vascular resistance

A client has been diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The nurse is planning care and recognizes that the client is most at risk for:

Pulmonary embolism

A female client tells the health care provider that she has recently been experiencing episodes of changes occuring in the color of her fingertips especially when she experiences cold temperatures. She further states that the tips become pale, turn a bluish color, and then become reddened. The client is most likely experiencing:

Raynaud phenomenon

A patient presents to the emergency department with complaints of bilateral cyanosis and pallor of the fingers after being out in the cold weather for 5 minutes. The toes are of normal color. Which of the following is a potential diagnosis for this patient?

Raynaud's disease

A client who experiences constant cloudiness of vision, sees floaters, and has an opaque lens is diagnosed with a cataract. The most appropriate treatment would be:

Surgical lens replacement to correct vision

A client has been diagnosed with a dissecting aortic aneurysm. It is most important for the nurse to assess the client for:

Tearing or ripping-type pain in the chest or back

The nurse is performing an eye assessment on a client who presents with a redness in the right eye. The nurse determines that the redness is related to bacterial conjunctivitis versus acute glaucoma based on which of the following additional symptoms?

Tearing, itching, and burning

Which of the following blood vessel layers is composed primarily of smooth muscle cells?

Tunica media

Which of the following blood vessel cells form the predominant cellular layer in the tunica media and produce vasoconstriction and/or dilation of blood vessels?

Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs)

A patient has been diagnosed with bacterial conjunctivitis. This type of infection is usually characterized by large amounts of what color drainage?

Yellow-green

The parents of a 6-month-old child who was born with a blocked tear duct are concerned because their child has been waking up the past few mornings with inflammation in the left eye and yellow, dried secretions preventing eye opening in spite of massaging the tear duct. The nurse would anticipate which of the following?

`The child has developed dacryocystitis.

A client reporting a headache is diagnosed with giant cell arteritis. The nurse is aware that the vessels most commonly affected are the:

Temporal