Preschooler

Which behaviors should the nurse explain to parents as being normal in a 4-year-old child? Select all that apply. A. Animism B. Superego C. Imagination D. Concrete thinking E. Object permanence

ANS: A, C When a child is 7-11 years old, they will develop concrete thinking and start to think about an act before performing it and understands differences in perspectives of others. Object permanence develops between birth and 2 years of age.

Which is the most therapeutic play activity for the nurse to offer a 4-year-old child who is restricted to bed rest? A. Engaging in a checker game B. Using crayons on blank sheets of paper C. Putting puzzles together D. Playing dominos with a school-age roommate

ANS: B Coloring on blank sheets of paper provides an opportunity for free expression; its freeform nature can give the child a sense of mobility.

A nurse is preparing a preschooler for an elective surgical procedure. How much time should the nurse allow between telling the child about the surgery and the actual surgery? A. One week B. Several days C. Several minutes D. Three to 4 hours

ANS: B Several days are needed to allow the preschooler to adjust to the idea of and prepare for an intrusive procedure. One week is too far in advance, the child may be fearful for an unnecessarily prolonged period. Several minutes is more appropriate for a toddler.

A nurse reviews the preoperative instructions for a 3.5-year-old child who is to undergo follow-up cleft palate surgery. Which instruction should the nurse question? A. Nothing by mouth after midnight. B. Start IV of D5% of 0.45% NS at 6 AM. C. Tap water enema until clear this PM. D. Draw blood for HgB and Hct this PM.

ANS: C This prescription is unnecessary; the lower GI tract is not involved with this procedure.

The nurse is planning care for a preschooler with Kawasaki disease. Which intervention should the nurse plan to implement? A. Restricting fluids, especially fruit juice B. Ensuring bright lighting in the room during assessments C. Administering penicillin G benzathine as prescribed D. Administering IV immune globulin as prescribed

ANS: D Kawasaki disease is treated with high-dose IVIG in combination with aspirin to lower the risk of coronary artery abnormalities. Nursing care is focused on adequate hydration, so fluids should not be restricted and fruit juices are not contraindicated.

According to Freud's theory, which stage should the nurse include while educating the parents about a preschooler? A. Anal stage B. Phallic Stage C. Genital stage D. Latency stage

ANS: B

What would the nurse tell the parents is the acceptable range of heart beats per minute for a preschooler? A. 60-100 B. 80-110 C. 75-100 D. 90-140

ANS: B School-aged children have a heart rate that ranges from 75-100 beats per minute. Toddlers have a heart rate that ranges from 90 to 140 beats per minute.

Which immunization should the nurse provide parental education on during the health maintenance visit for a 4-year-old client? A. Hepatitis B # 3 B. Inactive poliovirus # 3 C. Measles, mumps, and rubella # 1 D. Haemophilus influenza type B # 2

ANS: B The nurse would prepare education for the parents of a 4-year-old child for the inactive poliovirus # 3 as this is administered to children between 4 to 6 years of age.

A nurse is assessing a 4-year-old child. In what stage of Erikson's psychosocial development does the nurse expect the child to be in the process of achieving? A. Trust B. Industry C. Initiative D. Autonomy

ANS: C

A nurse plans to teach a group of parents about sleeping patterns of their children between the ages of 4 to 5 years. Which information should the nurse provide to the parents? Select all that apply. A. Total sleep averages 12 hours at night B. In the awake period, the child may sleepwalk C. The child normally takes several naps during the day. D. It is common for the child to awaken during the night. E. During this period, the child may be unwilling to go to bed at night.

ANS: A, B, D In the awake period, a preschooler exhibits brief crying, unintelligible speech, sleep walking, or bed-wetting. Toddlers may be unwilling to go to bed at night because they need autonomy or fear separation from their parents.

A nurse is caring for a preschooler on the pediatric unit. What does the nurse identify as the child's greatest fear at this age? A. Death B. Mutilation C. Painful procedures D. Isolation from peers

ANS: B

Which statement correctly describes the difference in fine motor development between four and five-year-olds? A. "Five-year-olds can tie shoelaces; four-year-olds cannot." B. "Five-year-olds can use scissors; four-year-olds cannot." C. "Five-year-olds can copy triangles; four-year-olds can copy circles." D. "Five-year-olds can print a few letters, numbers, or words; four-year-olds cannot."

ANS: D Both 4 and 5 year olds can tie shoe laces and use scissors. 5 year olds can copy diamonds and triangles, but 4 year old children can copy squares.

What nursing intervention best meets the developmental needs of hospitalized preschool-age children? A. Helping them learn to read B. Playing simple games with them C. Encouraging visits from family members D. Providing materials for stimulating activities

ANS: D Preschoolers engage in imitative, imaginative, and dramatic play, often using play to simulate household activities.

What would the nurse describe as a similarity between the growth and development of preschoolers and that of toddlers? A. Both need an equal amount of calories. B. Both prefer to play with other children. C. Both need at least 12 hours of sleep each night. D. Both gain 5 to 7 (2.26 to 3.17 kg) pounds per year.

ANS: D Preschoolers need 12 hours of sleep during the night, whereas toddlers need 12 hours of sleep during the day....

A nurse is preparing to take the vital signs of a 4-year-old child who was brought to the well-child clinic. What criterion should the nurse use when selecting the appropriate size of blood pressure cuff? A. It is labeled "pediatric". B. It is labeled "preschool". C. The length covers 50% of the circumference of the upper arm. D. The width is approximately 40% of the circumference of the upper arm.

ANS: D Research has demonstrates that a cuff with a bladder width that is 40% of the arm circumference will usually have a bladder length that is 80% to 100% of the upper arm circumference. Using a cuff of this size for this child will yield the most accurate BP reading.

Which of these features would the nurse state are exhibited by a preschooler? Select all that apply. A. Temper tantrums B. Attempts to control situations C. Synchronization of moral skills D. Eagerness for formal education E. Learn to function independently

ANS: D, E Toddlers are (A) and (B). School aged children and adolescents refine and synchronize physical, psychosocial, cognitive, and moral skills to become accepted members of society.