Pretest Physical Science
The block that displaces the greatest volume of water when submerged is a
1-kg block of aluminum.
A 1-kg block of iron weighs about
10 N.
Emily Easygo can paddle her canoe at 8 m/s in still water. With this speed she then paddles upstream in a river that runs downstream at 6 m/s. Her friend sitting on shore sees her speed as
2 m/s.
An 800-N woman stands at rest on two bathroom scales so that one scale shows a reading of 500 N. The reading on the other scale is
300 N.
If a ball rolls down an inclined plane and gains 4 m/s each second it rolls, its acceleration is
4 m/s2.
An object is pulled with two forces, 10 N northward and 15 N southward. The magnitude of the net force is
5 N.
A girl pushes a cart to the left with a 100-N force. At the same time a boy pushes it to the right with a 50-N force. The net force exerted on the cart is
50 N to the left.
A jack system will increase the potential energy of a heavy load by no more than 1000 J with a work input of 2000 J. The efficiency of the jack system is at most
50%.
What is the force of gravity on a 500-N woman standing on Earth's surface?
500 N
Joshua is attracted toward Earth by a 500-N gravitational force. The Earth is attracted toward Joshua with a force of
500 N.
At absolute zero, a substance has
All of these
The air in your cousin's room has
All of these
The amount of friction that occurs when two blocks slide against each other depends on
All of these
Which has zero acceleration?
All of these
A pulley system can
Both of these.
The temperature of boiling water is
Both of these.
An empty jug of weight W is at rest on a table. When water of weight w is poured into it, the amount of support force supplied by the table is
W + w.
Which of the following has the largest momentum relative to Earth?
a pickup truck speeding along a highway
If the mass of an object does not change, a constant net force on the object produces constant
acceleration.
You're lying on the sand on a breezy day when a pesky fly wishes to join you. The breeze is blowing at a steady 1 m/s. If the fly wishes to land on you it should hover over you while flying
against the breeze at 1 m/s.
A friend says that the heavyweight champion of the world cannot exert a force of 50 N on a piece of tissue paper with his best punch. The tissue paper is held in midair, no tricks. You
agree that it can't be done since the paper can't generate that much force.
An umbrella tends to jerk upward on a windy day principally because
air pressure is reduced over the curved top surface.
If a non-rotating object has no acceleration, then we can say for certain that it could be
all of these
Glass in a florist's greenhouse acts as a one-way valve by
allowing high-frequency waves to enter and blocking low-frequency waves from exiting.
If Earth's mass somehow doubles with no change in its size, and your mass remains the same, your weight
also doubles.
Bronco's speed increases after he dives from a hovering helicopter. Relative to an observer in the helicopter Bronco's momentum
also increases.
An archer shoots an arrow. If the action force is the bowstring on the arrow, the reaction is the
arrow's push on the bowstring
A heavy object and a light object in a vacuum are dropped at the same time from rest. The heavy object reaches the ground
at the same time as the light object.
In the vacuum of outer space far from our Sun, there is no
atmospheric pressure.
A player hits a ball with a bat. If one part of the interaction is the bat against the ball, the other part is the
ball against the bat.
A given net force propels an object along a straight-line path. If the mass were doubled, its acceleration would
be half.
An huge bear and a leaf fall from a tree through the air to the ground below. The force of air resistance is greater on the
bear.
A bubble of air released from the bottom of a lake
becomes larger as it rises.
As entropy in a system increases, energy within the system
becomes less ordered.
A very massive object A and a less massive object B move toward each other under the influence of gravity. Which force, if either, is greater?
both forces on each other are the same
Which has the greater density, a lake full of water or a cupful of lake water?
both have the same density
A ball rolls off the edge of a table at the same time another ball drops vertically from the same table. The ball to hit the floor first is the
both hit at the same time
Earth pulls on the Moon. Similarly the Moon pulls on Earth, evidence that
both of these.
Which requires more work: lifting a 50-kg sack vertically 2 m or lifting a 25-kg sack vertically 4 m?
both require the same amount of work
The bob of a simple pendulum has its maximum kinetic energy at the
bottom of its swing.
In a muggy region, the extra warmth you often feel is mainly due to
condensation.
Coastal winds that shift from night to day illustrate
convention.
Melting snow tends to
cool the surrounding air.
A skydiver jumps from a high-flying plane. As her velocity of fall increases, her acceleration
decreases
When work is done by a system and heat is subtracted, the temperature of the system
decreases.
A parachutist falling at constant velocity is in a state of
dynamic equilibrium.
When Jean standing on slippery ice catches her leaping dog Daisy, the momentum of both Jean and Daisy after the catch is
equal to their combined momentum before the catch.
Science greatly advanced when Galileo favored
experiment.
An Earth satellite in an elliptical orbit travels slowest when it is
farthest from the Earth.
Very importantly, a hydraulic press can multiply
forces.
Consider two planets in space that gravitationally attract each other. If the masses of both planets are doubled, and the distance between them doesn't change, then the force between them is
four times as much.
As ice is changed to water, energy is
given to the ice.
Hydrothermal vents deep beneath the ocean surface attain temperatures far above 100°C due to
greater pressure.
A satellite near Earth makes a full circle in about 90 minutes. Much farther from Earth, time for a full circle would be
greater than 90 minutes.
Lobsters live on the bottom of the ocean. Compared with the density of seawater, the density of a lobster is
greater.
The higher the temperature of an object, the
higher the frequency of emitted radiation.
A ball rests in the middle of a cart. When you quickly jerk the cart forward, the ball
hits the back of the cart.
Two objects move toward each other due to gravity. As the objects get closer and closer, the acceleration of each
increases.
If your automobile runs out of fuel while driving, the engine stops. You don't come to an abrupt stop because of
inertia.
Your bare feet feel warmer on a rug than on a tile floor because the rug
is a better insulator than tile.
Compared to a recoiling rifle, the bullet that is fired has a greater
kinetic energy.
When an iron ring is heated, the hole becomes
larger.
A block of Styrofoam floats on water while a same-size lead block lies submerged in the water. The buoyant force is greatest on the
lead.
If air speed is greater along the top surface of a bird's wings, pressure of the moving air there is
less.
If the same quantity of heat is added to both a 2-liter and a 4-liter container of water, the temperature change in the 4-liter container will be
less.
Water at 4°C will sink to the bottom of a pond because
like a rock, it is denser than surrounding water.
When you can't escape being hit by a fast-moving object, you'll suffer a smaller force if the collision time is
long.
A substance that heats up relatively quickly has a
low specific heat capacity.
Compared with an empty ship, the same ship loaded with Styrofoam will float
lower in the water.
A kilogram is a measure of an object's
mass.
According to Newton, the closer gravitationally interacting objects are to each other, the
more the gravitational force between them.
According to Galileo, a rolled ball eventually comes to a stop because
of friction.
The force of gravity on a bowling ball rolling along a horizontal surface doesn't change its speed because the force is
perpendicular to its direction of motion.
When you stand on tiptoes on a bathroom scale, there is an increase in
pressure on the scale, not registered as weight.
Galileo's demonstration at the Leaning Tower of Pisa
refuted Aristotle's teachings.
As a bowling ball that rolls off the edge of a table falls, its horizontal component of motion
remains constant.
Strictly speaking, gas pressure inside an inflated stretched balloon is
slightly greater than air pressure outside the balloon.
It is commonly thought that a can of beverage will cool faster in the coldest part of a refrigerator. Knowledge of Newton's law of cooling
supports this
The Moon does not crash into Earth because
the Moon has a sufficient tangential speed.
No work is done by gravity on a bowling ball that rolls along a bowling alley because
the ball is moving horizontally and gravity acts vertically.
Life jackets help you float because
the combined density of you and the jacket is less than your density alone.
If a pressure of 20 kPa is applied to one piston in a simple hydraulic device, the pressure on a piston of larger area will be
the same 20 kPa.
After a stone that is thrown straight up reaches the top of its path and then falls downward, its acceleration is
the same as at the top of its path.
A chunk of metal has a mass of 1 kg on Earth. If the same chunk were on the Moon its mass would be
the same.
Heat is
thermal energy flowing from hot to cold
You do work on a cart loaded with groceries. If you do this work in one-third the usual time, you expend
three times the usual power.
The distinction between impulse and force involves the
time the force acts.
When a hydraulic press is properly used it is capable of multiplying force input.
true.
A 1000-kg car and a 2000-kg car are hoisted the same vertical distance in a service station. Raising the more massive car requires
twice as much work.
If you push an object twice as far while applying the same force, you do
twice as much work.
When a chocolate bar is cut in half, its density of each half is
unchanged.
The most energy per unit mass can be extracted from
uranium.
A dam is thicker at the bottom than at the top because
water pressure is greater at deeper levels.
Inside a freely-falling elevator you would have no
weight.
Passengers in a high-flying jumbo jet feel their normal weight in flight, whereas passengers in an orbiting space vehicle do not because they are
without support forces.
The net force on any object moving at constant velocity is
zero.
The speed of a vertically-thrown ball at the top of its path is
zero.
Two billiard balls having the same mass roll toward each other at the same speed. What is the net momentum of the two-ball system?
0 kg∙m/s
A ball is thrown vertically upward. At the top of its vertical path, its velocity is
0 m/s.
The buoyant force acting on a 1-ton blimp hovering in air is
1 ton.