Prevention and Care of Sports Injuries Test 2
What are the sequential steps that should be followed to identify the needs of the patient when designing an individualized therapeutic exercise program?
1) Assess present level of function/dysfunction 2) Organize and interpret the assessment to identify compensatory factors the have contributed to the injury. Establish short and long term goals. 3) Develop and supervise the treatment plan, incorporating therapeutic exercise, therapeutic modalities, and medication as well as activity modification. 4) Reassess the progress of the plan and adjust as needed.
List 5 things you should check after splinting a body part.
1) check pulse at distal artery (dorsal pedis and tibial artery) 2) check skin color 3) check for capillary refill 4) check for sensation
What are 3 contraindications for ultrasound?
1) infection 2) Over an implanted pacemaker 3) acute hemorrhage
What are the 4 quadricep muscles responsible for knee extension?
1) rectus femoris 2) vastus lateralis 3) vastus medius 4) vastus intermedius
3 tendons that make up the pes anserine?
1) sartorius. 2) gracilis. 3) semitendinosus.
List the 4 phases of therapeutic exercise program.
1. Inflammatory phase 2. Restore and regain range of motion and proprioception 3. Restore muscle strength, endurance, and power 4. Prepare individual to go back to sport/daily activity
An individual can move into Phase III of the rehabilitation program when what percentage of normal passive and active range of motion is achieved?
80%
Rotational capability of the tibia with respect to the femur is maximal at approximately ________ degrees of knee ________
90 degrees, flexion
After a 20-30 minute cold application, it is estimated that the rewarming time to approach normal body temperature is
90 minutes
What model indentifies four quadrants (i.e., physical well-being, emotional well-being, social well-being, and self-concept) as impacted when an individual has sustained an injury?
Affective Cycle of Injury
In designing an individualized therapeutic exercise program, the first step is to:
Assess the present level of function and dysfunction
An athlete has developed a synovial herniation in the popliteal space. This condition is termed:
Baker's cyst
Closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises are recommended for several reasons. One such reason is that:
CKC exercises reduce shearing forces about the joint
What is not a contraindication for cryotherapy?
Edema
(T/F) The introduction of anti-inflammatory drugs through the skin with ultrasound is called iontophoresis.
False
(T/F) The law of Grotthus-Draper states that the less energy is absorbed by superficial tissue, the more energy is available to be transmitted to the underlying tissue.
False
3 indications and 3 contraindications for thermotherapy?
Indications: 1) Resolve hematoma 2) Fight infection 3) Facilitate tissue healing Contraindications: 1) Advanced arthritis 2) Acute inflammation/injury 3) Impaired sensation
3 indications and 3 contraindications for cryotherapy?
Indications: 1) acute or chronic pain 2) neuralgia 3) post surgical pain Contraindications: 1) hypertension 2) arthritis 3) lupus
A transverse fracture of the proximal shaft of the fifth metatarsal is called a:
Jones fracture
Avascular necrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis is called:
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
Which of the following conditions typically develops during preadolescence (at the beginning of the growth spurt)?
Osgood-Schlatter disease
All of the following can be done for the management of Myositis Ossificans, except:
PNF stretching during the acute phase
The transfer of energy in the form of infrared waves without physical contact is termed
Radiation
What has the greatest likelihood of causing frostbite?
Reusable cold packs
Which type of electrical stimulation is designed to produce an isometric contraction?
Russian Current
An avulsion fracture at the anterior-superior iliac spine may involve which muscle?
Sartorius
Which model suggests that there are stages of grieving through which an individual progresses when confronted with loss?
Stage Perspective by Kubler-Ross
Which of the following statements concerning the sesamoid bones of the foot is false?
They are found in the extensor halluces longus tendon.
Weakness of the gluteus medius is determined by:
Trendelenburg Test
(T/F) Heat packs provide heat, transferring energy into the skin by way of conduction.
True
(T/F) When using ice immersion or a cold whirlpool, the lower the temperature the shorter the duration of immersion should be.
True
Prolonged immobilization can lead to muscles losing their flexibility and assuming a shortened position. This is referred to as:
a contracture
A contusion caused by direct compression to an unprotected iliac crest is referred to as:
a hip pointer
In order for medication to be pushed away from the electrode and into the skin toward injury site using iontophoresis, the medication should be placed under the:
active electrode with same polarity
After receiving a blow to the anterior lower leg, an athlete has a diminished dorsalis pedis pulse and paresthesia between the great and second toes. What condition might the athlete be experiencing?
acute compartment syndrome
The Q-angle is:
angle between the line of quadriceps force and the patellar tendon
Cutting or turning maneuver, landing, or sudden deceleration are all common mechanisms of injury for the:
anterior cruciate ligament
Which of the following tests should be performed to confirm a suspected patellar dislocation?
apprehension test
A contraindication of ultrasound is:
areas of impaired sensation
Which of the following is not a function of the meniscus?
assists the ligaments and capsule in preventing hyper flexion
A meniscal tear in which an entire longitudinal segment is displaced medially toward the center of the tibia is termed a
bucket-handle tear
Proprioception and coordination can be improved through performing:
closed kinetic chain exercises
What are the sequence of sensations experienced during application of cold therapy?
cold, burning, aching, analgesia
A blow to the posterolateral aspect of the knee can contuse the:
common peroneal nerve
A minor blow to the neck of the fibula can contuse the:
common peroneal nerve
Bursitis is most likely to result from:
compressive force
A therapeutic treatment that elicits a local vasoconstriction-vasodilation fluctuation to reduce edema is known as:
contrast bath
Which of the following is not considered a long term goal?
control of inflammation
Antagonist
counteracts the action of the agonist muscle
Which of the following are physiologic effects of cryotherapy?
decreased metabolism, oxygen need, and nerve conduction
The most frequent site of exertion compartment syndrome is the
deep posterior compartment and anterior compartment
The _____________ bursa provides a cushion between the greater trochanter of the femur and the gluteus maximus.
deep trochanteric
What type of current is a galvanic current?
direct current
During intermittent compression therapy, the limb being treated should be:
elevated above the heart
_____________ uses gravity to reduce the pooling of fluid and pressure inside the venous and lymphatic vessels to prevent fluid from filtering into surrounding tissue spaces.
elevation
Anger, depression, irritability, moodiness, and impatience are ____________ signs and symptoms of anxiety in rehabilitation.
emotional
Open Chain Exercise
exercises that are performed where the hand or foot is free to move
Plyometric
explosive concentric contraction (ex. box jump)
Supination results in tibial
external rotation
(T/F) Abnormal ossification involving bone deposition within muscle tissue is called an exostosis.
false
(T/F) Achilles tendon ruptures are commonly seen in individuals between 18 and 28 years of age because of the rapid plantar flexion needed to execute many sport skills.
false
(T/F) Collagenous scare formation is more efficient and tolerant of tensile forces than the original mature tissue.
false
(T/F) Each of the bursa in the knee is contained within the joint capsule.
false
(T/F) Muscle spindles lie perpendicular to muscle fibers and stretch within the muscle.
false
(T/F) The Kendall test is used to assess iliotibial band tightness.
false
(T/F) The ankle joint is capable of plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion.
false
(T/F) The extent of ankle swelling is an accurate indicator of the severity of the injury.
false
(T/F) The iliotibial band is a medial stabilizer of the knee.
false
The weakest component of the femur is the:
femoral neck
In hip dislocation, when the head of the femur displaces in a posterior-superior direction, the leg typically rests in what position?
flexed and internally rotated
Compression, bump, and percussion tests are best used to determine possible:
fracture
The ____________ is the main body stabilizer during walking or running.
hallux
The __________ are the most frequently strained muscles in the body.
hamstrings
Closed Chain Exercise
hand and foot is fixed to a surface and doesn't move
Avascular necrosis of the hip usually occurs at the:
head of the femur
The ileofemoral ligament prevents excessive:
hip extension
Static stretching
hold a stretch for at least 15 sec, motionless or at rest
It is not unusual to have severe bleeding after a femoral fracture lead to:
hypovolemic shock
Overdevelopment of which muscle(s) can lead to anterior pelvic tilt?
iliopsoas
Which of the following mental skill techniques is used to enhance performance?
imagery
The dorsalis pedis artery is easily palpable:
in the midfoot region between the 2nd and 3rd tendons of the extensor digitorum longus
Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of a meniscal tear?
inability to walk on the toes
What is not a thermal effect of ultrasound?
increased muscle spasm
Which of the following structures is associated with jumper's knee?
infra patellar tendon
Isometric
joint angle and muscle length does not change
When applying ice to a gastrocnemius contusion, the ankle should be _____________ to decrease muscle spasms.
kept in dorsiflexion
The effects of immobilization of the articular cartilage are dependent on:
length of immobilization, position of joint, and joint loading
The longer the inflammatory process progresses, the more likely the resulting scar tissue will be:
less dense and weaker in resisting applied stress
What is an example of a pain focusing technique?
listening to relaxing or inspiring music
Isotonic
maximal muscle contraction will produce a force to move a constant load through range of motion at variable speed -Variable Speed/Fixed Resistance
The close-packed position of the talocrural joint is
maximum dorsiflexion
Closed-chain exercise for the knee include
mini squats
Isokinetic
move a load that can change in resistance at the same speed -Variable Resistance/Fixed Speed
Dynamic stretching
moving while stretching
Eccentric
muscle lengthens, while contracting against resistance
Concentric
muscle shortens, while contracting against resistance
A condition that may occur after a contusion to the quadriceps muscle group involving abnormal ossification of bone deposition within the muscle tissue is called:
myositis ossificans
All of the following are frequent complaints with a stress fracture to the pubis or femoral neck except:
pain while using the flutter kick
Which modality should not be used to reduce swelling?
paraffin bath
An excessive Q-angle predisposes an individual to:
patella injuries
The massage technique that involves pressing and rolling the muscles under the fingers and hands is:
petrissage
Plantar fasciitis can be a result of which of the following?
poor strength or flexibility of the achilles tendon
The muscle that unlocks the knee from a close-packed position is the:
popliteus
The strongest ligament at the knee is the:
posterior cruciate
Agonist
primary movers, perform the desired movement
The common mechanism of the injury for Achilles tendon rupture is:
push-off of the forefoot with the knee extended
Duration
refers to the length of the exercise session
A decreased angle between the femoral condyles and femoral head is called:
retroversion
Because the medial and lateral condyles of the femur differ somewhat is size, shape, and orientation, the tibia rotates laterally on the femur during the last few degrees of extension. This action is known as
screw-home mechanism
The medial meniscus is attached to the medial collateral ligament and fibers from the
semimembranosus
The pes anserine is the common attachment site of the sartorius, gracilis, and
semitendinosus
In a femoral shaft fracture, the thigh appears:
shortened and externally rotated
Intensity
strength gains is a result of intensity
PNF (Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation) stretching
stretching technique that uses combination of contractions and stretches; the purpose is to gain flexibility in one muscle group typically the agonist while simultaneously increasing the strength in the other muscle group, the antagonist
Inversion and eversion movements occur primarily at the:
subtalar joint
Inflammation of this bursa caused by excessive kneeling and is sometimes referred to as "housemaid's knee"?
superficial infrapatellar
The largest bursa of the body is the:
supra patellar
The sacroiliac joint are:
synovial and syndesmosis joints
The ___________ joint is considered the true ankle joint.
talocrural
The Thompson test is used to determine
the integrity of the Achilles tendon
Frequency
the number of exercise sessions per day or per week
Meniscal injuries are difficult to assess because
they lack innervation by nociceptors
The anterior compartment of the lower leg contains all of the following EXCEPT?
tibialis posterior
Runners who cross the feet over their midline during running increase the Q-angle and can develop:
trochanteric bursitis
(T/F) A lack of hamstring flexibility combined with an imbalance of strength between hamstrings and quadriceps place individuals at higher risk for sustaining a hamstring strain.
true
(T/F) A therapeutic exercise program begins with patient assessment.
true
(T/F) An excessive Q-angle may predispose women to a greater lateral displacement of the patella when activating the quadriceps.
true
(T/F) During the Thomas test, if the straight right leg rises off the table while the left thigh is brought to the chest, it indicates the presence of flexion contractors in the right iliopsoas muscle.
true
(T/F) Eversion and dorsiflexion injuries can lead to a fracture of the lateral malleolus.
true
(T/F) Goal setting is an effective strategy shown to increase motivation during the recovery program.
true
(T/F) Greatest impact of immobilization occurs in articular cartilage, where adverse changes appear within 1 week of immobilization.
true
(T/F) If an anterior cruciate ligament injury is suspected, Lachman's test should be performed before any other stress test.
true
(T/F) If the anterior cruciate ligament is injured, patients note a rapid onset of swelling usually within 3 hours.
true
(T/F) In the sagittal plane, the patella serves to increase the angle of pull of the patellar tendon on the tibia, thereby improving the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps muscles for producing knee extension.
true
(T/F) Knee injuries comprise approximately 60% of all sports injuries.
true
(T/F) Mental skill techniques have been successful for enhancing performance as well as with facilitating recovery from injury.
true
(T/F) Nearly 60% of tibial fractures involve the middle and lower thirds of the tibia.
true
(T/F) Periodic measurement of girth, range of motion, muscle strength, endurance, power, and cardiovascular fitness will determine if progress is occurring in the exercise program.
true
(T/F) Phase 2 of the therapeutic exercise program focuses on the regaining of any defects in range of motion and restoring proprioception.
true
(T/F) Posterior heel pain during activity that is relieved with rest could indicate a possible apophysitis of the calcaneus.
true
(T/F) The midfoot region includes the navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiform bones and their articulations.
true
(T/F) The muscles in the anterior compartment of the lower leg are responsible for dorsiflexion of the ankle.
true
(T/F) The vastus medialis oblique (VMO) is the dynamic stabilizer that resists lateral displacement of the patella.
true
(T/F) Thermotherapy leads to vasodilation and increased circulation that can move oxygen and nutrients into the area to promote healing and remove debris and waste products from the injury site.
true
A 14 year old male has sustained a medial collateral ligament knee injury. Which modality should not be used during the subacute phase?
ultrasound
Which is not an example of plyometric exercise?
using a stair master
Atrophy of the ____________ is nearly always evident in patellofemoral dysfunction.
vastus medialis oblique
What is not an open kinetic chain exercise?
wall push-up
