Preventions care 2 exam
Running-related injuries of the lower extremity are often associated with
excessive pronation
. A runner reports with lateral leg pain that is point tender over the femoral condyle about 2 to 3 cm above the lateral joint line. Evaluation indicates a positive Ober's test. What structure could be involved with this injury?
illiotibial band
Which of the following are physiologic effects of local heat?
increased metabolism, analgesia, decreased pain
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs aid healing by:
increasing vasodilation and inhibiting the production of prostaglandins
Immediate swelling of the knee after acute injury usually indicates:
intra-articular injury
A transverse fracture of the proximal shaft of the fifth metatarsal is called a
jones fracturen
The "unhappy triad" involves the"
medial menisci and MCL and ACL
Closed-chain exercises for the knee include:
mini squats
If the tendon ruptures, collapse of the midfoot and hyperpronation may be visible.
tibialis posterior
Atrophy of the ________ is nearly always evident in patellofemoral dysfunction.
vastus medialis oblique
Acute care of soft tissue injuries includes application of crushed ice directly to the skin for 30- 40 minutes.
T
An apophyseal fracture at the tibial tuberosity commonly results from a violent quadriceps contraction against a fixed foot.
T
Eversion and dorsiflexion injuries can lead to a fracture of the lateral malleolus.
T
Hemorrhage and edema cause pooling of tissue fluids and blood products, which increases pain and muscle spasm.
T
If the anterior cruciate ligament is injured, joint effusion may not appear until 1 to 2 hours after the injury, even though an acute care protocol was followed.
T
Immobilization for more than 2 weeks may lead to joint adhesions that inhibit muscle fiber regeneration.
T
In the sagittal plane, the patella serves to increase the angle of pull of the patellar tendon on the tibia, thereby improving the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps muscles for producing knee extension.
T
Joint congruity can be enhanced through closed kinetic chain exercises.
T
Normal passive glide of the patellofemoral joint should be restored before full flexion exercises, resisted exercises, or bicycling is initiated.
T
Phase 2 of a therapeutic exercise program focuses on the regaining of any deficits in range of motion and restoring proprioception.
T
Posterior heel pain during activity that is relieved with rest could indicate a possible apophysitis of the calcaneus.
T
The cosine law states that the maximum effects of energy occur when it is applied to the body at a right angle.
T
The interosseous membrane between the tibia and fibula is so strong that strong lateral stresses will fracture the fibula rather than tear the membrane.
T
The knee is directly affected by motions and forces coming from the foot, ankle, and lower
T
The midfoot region includes the navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiform bones and their articulations.
T
The tarsometatarsal and intermetatarsal joints enable the foot to adapt to uneven surfaces during gait.
T
Because the cruciate ligaments are intrasynovial and extracapsular, they have a special protective covering to protect them from the synovial fluid.
F
Damage to the posterior cruciate ligament commonly occurs during a cutting or turning maneuver, when landing in an off-balance position after a jump, or during sudden deceleration.
F
Each of the bursae in the knee is contained within the joint capsule.
F
Palpable pain and crepitus, particularly along the edge of the medial femoral condyle, with the knee flexed at 45 degrees, indicates patellar tendinitis.
F
Pulsed ultrasound is used primarily to elicit thermal and nonthermal effects in elevating deep tissue temperature.
F
The ankle joint is capable of plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion
F
The femoral nerve and its branches provide the primary innervation for the foot, ankle, and lower leg.
F
The iliotibial band is a medial stabilizer of the knee.
F
The short plantar (plantar calcaneocuboid) ligament is the primary supporting structure for the plantar arches.
F
When using ice immersion or a cold whirlpool, the lower the temperature, the shorter the duration of immersion should be.
T
The joint is considered the true ankle joint.
Talocrural
What is the optimal time for beginning therapeutic exercise following surgery or an injury?
a. immediately after
When applying ice to a gastrocnemius contusion, the ankle should be to decrease muscle spasms.
a. kept in dorsiflexion
The longer the inflammatory process progresses, the more likely the resulting scar tissue will be:
a. less dense and weaker in resisting applied stress
The common mechanism of injury for Achilles tendon rupture is:
a. push-off of the forefoot with the knee extended
Palpable pain to the soft tissue just anterior to the Achilles tendon in a runner can be indicative of
a. retrocalcaneal bursitis
The Q-angle is the:
angle between the line of quadriceps force and the patellar tendon
Which of the following tests should be performed to confirm a suspected patellar dislocation?
apprehension test
Which of the following is not a function of the meniscus?
assists the ligaments and capsule in preventing hyperflexion
A preferred therapeutic massage for areas around joints and other areas where tissue is thin is:
) pétrissage and effleurage
5 ways to rule out a fracture
1. compression 2. palpation 3. tuning fork 4. percussion 5. distraction
Conduction occurs during the application of which of the following?
1. ice packs 2. paraffin 3. moist hot pack
what are the parts of the proliferative phase of the bone healing
1. osteoblast 2. osteoclast 3. callus formation
A single application of cold should not extend
15-30 minutes
what % of injuries are ankle
25%
Sever disease
A traction-type injury, or osteochondrosis, of the calcaneal apophysis seen in young adolescents.
What ligament is often injured during a cutting maneuver, sudden deceleration, or landing in an off-balance position after a jump?
ACL
An athlete has developed a synovial herniation in the popliteal space. This condition is termed:
Baker's cyst
Which of the following tests should be used to confirm chondromalacia?
Clarkes
Longitudinal tears of the meniscus are due largely to degeneration.
F
Pain is an accurate indicator in assessing possible fracture of the fibula.
F
Peak incidence of meniscal injuries occurs in men and women between the ages of 21 and 40 years.
F
syndesmosis sprain
Forced dorsiflexion and/or eversion "High ankle sprain" Slow to heal Anterior tibiofibular ligament and interosseous membrane
A painful avascular necrosis of the second metatarsal head that often is seen in active adolescents is termed
Freiburg disease
What different ligaments are involved with a grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3 lateral ankle sprain?
Grade 1: anterior tibfib Grade 2: anterior tibfib, calcaneofib Grade 3: anterior tibfib, calcaneofib, posterior tibfib
The is the main body stabilizer during walking or running.
Hallux
lateral knee stabilizer
IT band
The Thompson test is used to determine:
Integrity of Achilles tendon
prevents varus force
LCL
prevents valgus force
MCL
. ______ bursitis is often associated with running and cycling and is routinely aggravated by knee flexion.
Pes anserine
Management for ankle sprains
RICE
. If an anterior cruciate ligament injury is suspected, Lachman's test should be performed before any other stress test.
T
. Point tenderness over the lateral facet of the patella and intense pain and crepitus when the patella is manually compressed into the patellofemoral groove are signs of patellofemoral stress syndrome.
T
. The vastus medialis oblique (VMO) is the dynamic stabilizer that resists lateral displacement of the patella.
T
A therapeutic exercise program begins with patient assessment
T
An individual can move into phase III of the rehabilitation program when what percentage of normal passive and active range of motion is achieved?
a. 80%
What model identifies four quadrants (i.e., physical well-being, emotional well-being, social well-being, and self-concept) as impacted when an individual has sustained an injury?
a. Affective Cycle of Injury
Closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises are recommended for several reasons. One such reason is that:
a. CKC exercises reduce shearing forces about the joint
The technique in which an individual consciously relaxes a muscle prior to stretching is termed:
a. active inhibition
Medial tibial stress syndrome pain is aggravated by:
a. active plantar flexion and inversion of the ankle
After receiving a blow to the anterior lower leg, an athlete has a diminished dorsalis pedis pulse and paresthesia between the great and second toes. What condition might the athlete be experiencing?
a. acute compartment syndrome
The primary support for the medial lonfitudinal arch is the
a. calcaneonavicular ligament
Proprioception and coordination can be improved through performing:
a. closed kinetic chain exercises
Which of the following are physiologic effects of cryotherapy?
a. decreased metabolism, oxygen need, and nerve conduction
Which of the following is an example of a pain focusing technique?
a. emphasize slow, deep, rhythmic breathing
plantar fasciitis
an inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot
drug that prevents pain from being perceived
analgesic
proliferation of tissue healing
angiogenesis fibroplasia
Forces producing stress on the medial aspect of the ankle typically cause
avulsion fracture of the medial malleolus
. A meniscal tear in which an entire longitudinal segment is displaced medially toward the center of the tibia is termed a:
bucket-handle tear
exercise were distal point is fixed. best to restore proprioception
closed kinetic chain
Which of the following best describes the sequence of sensations experienced during the application of cold therapy?
cold, burning, aching, analgesia
A kick or blow to the posterolateral aspect of the knee can contuse which nerve?
common Peroneal
Bursitis is most likely to result from:
compressive force
A therapeutic treatment that elicits a local vasoconstriction-vasodilation fluctuation to reduce edema is known as
contact bath
The transfer of energy between two objects via a medium, such as air or water, as it moves across the body creating temperature variations is termed:
convection
stroking
effleurage
During intermittent compression therapy, the limb being treated should be:
elevated above the heart
pes Plans
flatfoot
pes cavus
high arch and rigid foot
stress test that rules out blood clot
humans test
exercise that uses fixed speed but variable resistance
isokinetic
exercise that uses resistance without motion
isometric
exercise that uses variable speed but fixed resistance
isotonic
sprain is to....
ligament
The close-packed position of the talocrural joint is:
maximum dorsiflexion
a strain involves the stretch or tear of what structure
muscle
The area of a muscle that is most commonly injured
muscolotendinous junction
exercise where distal point is free to move
open kinetic chain
. A traction-type injury to the tibial apophysis where the patellar tendon attaches onto the tibial tuberosity is called:
osgood-schlatter
main goal of rehabilitation
pain free function
The strongest ligament at the knee is the
pcl
The introduction of anti-inflammatory drugs through the skin with ultrasound is called:
phonophoresis
4 points to teaching good form running
posture-feet straight ahead mid-foot- contact ground mid foot first cadence- 180 steps/min lean- lean from ankles without bending at waist
The bursa most commonly injured by compressive forces at the knee is the:
prepatellar
kneading
pétrissage
example of a pivot joint
radioulnur
RICE
rest ice compress elevate
Which of the following has the greatest likelihood of causing frostbite
reusable cold packs
The pes anserine is the common attachment of the sartorius, gracilis, and:
semitendinosus
Inversion and eversion movements occur primarily at the:
subtalar joint
The largest bursa of the body is the
suprapatellar
percussion
tapotement
The medial meniscus can often be injured in combination with a hamstring injury because:
the medial meniscus is attached to fibers of the semimembranosus
Meniscal injuries are difficult to assess because:
they lack innervation by nociceptors
conversion techniques
ultrasound, microwave diathermy
Posterior knee swelling may indicate all of the following, except:
venous thrombosis
. A Q-angle greater than ______ degrees can predispose the individual to patellar injuries.
18
When observing the knee during injury evaluation, the knee should be in _______ to relieve any strain on the joint structure.
30 degrees of flexion
For subacute conditions, contrast bath should be applied using a:
3:1 or 4:1 cold to warm water ratio for 20 minutes and ending the treatment in cold water
. Rotational capability of the tibia with respect to the femur is maximal at approximately
90 degrees, flexion