Princ. of Mass Media Ch. 6

False

Competition among media meant that with the arrival of television, radio became obsolete.

True

Congress passed the Radio Act of 1912 in response to the sinking of the British ocean liner Titanic.

True

Contemporary public (noncommercial) radio mostly follows a variety rather than a specified format

True

Country is the most popular radio format today.

c. over 90 percent of American teenagers and adults listen to the radio in a given week

Despite new technologies like personal MP3 players and music online, traditional radio continues to see billions of dollars in advertising money because __________. a. advertisers are accustomed to using radio and are slow to change b. advertisers like the music played on a particular radio station c. over 90 percent of American teenagers and adults listen to the radio in a given week d. advertisers are required by law to place a percentage of their ads on the radio waves e. None of the above options is correct.

FM

A type of radio and sound transmission that stresses the volume or height of radio waves is called __________.

False, other way around

AM is better than FM for playing music because of its greater clarity and fidelity.

True

In 1948, the FCC approved 10-watt FM stations, allowing more people to participate in radio.

True

In its entrepreneurial phase, radio was marketed as a ship-to-shore communication device.

False, NBC

In the 1920s, CBS operated two radio networks, CBS-Red and CBS-Blue.

False, Supreme Court forced them too because it was overly large and powerful. It was brought to attention by an FCC activist

In the 1940s, NBC willingly sold its Blue network because it was losing money.

d. CBS

In the late 1920s, which of the following was not a part owner of the National Broadcasting Company? a. RCA b. General Electric c. Westinghouse d. CBS e. All of the companies were owners of the National Broadcasting Company.

True

In the late 1990s, hundreds of radio stations shifted from individual to chain ownership.

radio

In the mid-1860s, James Maxwell theorized that __________ waves existed.

True

Internet radio stations are those that either stream or simulcast a version of their on-air signal over the Web, or create a station exclusive to the Internet.

telegraph

Invented in the 1840s, the __________ was the precursor of radio technology.

True, Audion vacuum tube

Inventor Lee De Forest developed a vacuum tube capable of detecting and amplifying radio signals.

voice transmission, Audio vacuum tube

Lee De Forest claimed as his biggest breakthrough the development of the __________, or triode, vacuum tube.

True

Network radio helped modernize America by deemphasizing local in favor of national programs.

e. struggling to survive government funding cuts

Nonprofit radio today is __________. a. accepting liquor advertising b. prospering c. buying up commercial radio stations d. converting to analog equipment to save money e. struggling to survive government funding cuts

broadcasting

Now a media term, __________ was once an agricultural term that referred to casting seeds over a large area.

a. radio stations could charge an advertising premium for target audiences

One of the driving forces behind the adoption of format radio was that __________. a. radio stations could charge an advertising premium for target audiences b. paperwork became easier for program directors c. disc jockeys had a chance to play a wider variety of music d. it made it easier for record companies to promote new artists e. radio stations could fulfill their public service requirements

d. voice broadcast-> it was O Holy Night

Reginald Fessenden is credited with making the first __________, on Christmas Eve in 1906. a. wireless telegraph b. distress call from a sinking ocean liner c. on-air paid advertisement d. voice broadcast e. use of Morse code

b. is now provided by only one company in the United States, SiriusXM

Satellite radio __________. a. relies on transmitters and towers on the ground to reach consumers b. is now provided by only one company in the United States c. is mostly used by ham radio operators for secure signals, not by the general public d. is free to consumers once they buy the equipment that receives the satellite signal e. is splintered into dozens of competing satellite radio providers

Developed FM radio-> Edwin H. Armstrong Former Header of NBC-> David Sarnoff Developed Wireless telegraphy-> Guglielmo Marconi First to send voice through the airwaves-> Reginald Fessenden Developed Audion; or triode; vacuum tube-> Lee De Forest

Selecting from the following list of names, match them with the corresponding items below. Select One Match With Developed FM radio⇢ALee De Forest Former head of NBC⇢BReginald Fessenden Developed wireless telegraphy⇢CEdwin H. Armstrong First to send voice through the airwaves⇢DDavid Sarnoff Developed Audion; or triode; vacuum tube ⇢EGuglielmo Marconi

False

Telephone giant AT&T owns the nation's largest radio network.

True

Texas Instruments marketed the first transistor radio in 1953.

True

The American Marconi Company had trouble developing as a business after World War I in part because the U.S. Navy did not want a foreign-controlled company wielding so much power in the field of emergent radio technologies.

1934

The Communications Act of __________ established the Federal Communications Commission.

False, Federal Radio Commission (FRC)

The Radio Act of 1927 created the Radio Corporation of America.

1927

The Radio Act of __________ established the Federal Radio Commission.

True

The Radio Corporation of America (RCA) was formed after World War I to give the United States an early worldwide monopoly over radio broadcasting.

b. American Marconi c. AT&T also, GE

The Radio Corporation of America bought which of the following companies? a. British Marconi b. American Marconi c. AT&T d. Westinghouse e. WNBC

True

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 decreased the number of broadcast stations a single person or corporation can own.

True

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 set off an unprecedented consolidation in radio station ownership.

True

The Titanic sank in 1912, resulting in the loss of about fifteen hundred lives; had it not been for radio, seven hundred additional lives would have been lost.

True

The Top 40 format refers to the forty most popular hits in a given week as measured by record sales.

PBS

The __________ is a private, nonprofit corporation created by Congress in 1967.

b. Audion vacuum tube by Lee De Forest

The __________ was important to radio technology because it allowed radio signals to be amplified. a. Hertz b. Audion vacuum tube c. cathode ray tube d. telephony e. electromagnetic wave

c. Radio Act of 1927

The act that first emphasized that broadcasters did not own their channels but were granted licenses provided they operated in the "public interest, convenience, or necessity" was the a. Federal Communications Act of 1934 b. Radio Act of 1912 c. Radio Act of 1927 d. 1932 revocation of RCA's monopoly status e. None of the above options is correct.

True

The aim of early radio networks such as CBS and NBC was to serve the public interest.

False, Edwin Armstrong

The first person to discover and develop FM radio in the 1920s and the 1930s was David Sarnoff of RCA.

RCA

The government-approved commercial company that allowed the United States to gain world leadership in broadcasting was named __________.

a. country

The most popular music format on U.S. radio today is _________. a. country b. contemporary hit radio c. urban contemporary d. top 40 e. adult contemporary

True, iHeart Media owns 840

The nation's largest broadcast group owns more than eight hundred radio stations.

Payola

The practice of record promoters paying deejays or programmers to play particular songs is called __________.

False

The program Amos 'n' Andy started on Chicago radio in 1945.

True

The rise pf pirate micro power radio stations in the United States in the 1990s led the federal government to approve a new class of noncommercial low-power FM radio stations in 2000

d. the telegraph required a wire cable connecting the sending and receiving stations

The telegraph was useless as a means of communicating between ships at sea or between ships and the shore because __________. a. its signal was too weak to travel across bodies of water b. the telegraph signal was distorted by the electromagnetic spectrum c. telegraph equipment was too cumbersome to be used aboard ship d. the telegraph required a wire cable connecting the sending and receiving stations e. All of the options are correct.

a. farming

The term broadcasting was originally used in __________. a. farming b. construction c. commercial fishing d. carpentry e. manufacturing

b. iHeartMedia, Cumulus, and Townsquare

The top three radio companies in the United States are __________. a. CBS, Salem, and Univision b. iHeartMedia, Cumulus, and Townsquare c. Cox, Cumulus, and CBS d. Cumulus, Cox, and CBS e. iHeartMedia, CBS, and Lotus

a. portable

The transistor made radio receivers __________. a. portable b. expensive c. larger d. stereophonic e. disposable

True

The vast majority of the top radio talk-show hosts promote conservative viewpoints.

a. military and commercial shipping

The very earliest uses of Marconi's wireless radio were for __________. a. military and commercial shipping b. gossip and shipping c. advertising and the military d. entertainment and ads e. playing rock-and-roll records

False

The word broadcasting derives from the steel industry, in part because KDKA in Pittsburgh was one of the first stations to begin using radio as a mass medium.

False, but they could use them as long as they operated to serve the "public interest, convenience, or necessity."

Under the Radio Act of 1927, broadcasters were allowed to own their radio channels.

d. Spanish-language

Univision is the top __________ broadcaster in the United States. a. nonprofit b. European c. alternative d. Spanish-language e. None of the above options is correct.

KDKA

Westinghouse established a station with the call letters __________, which aired national returns from the Cox-Harding presidential election on November 2, 1920.

The Radio Act of 1927

What established the Federal Radio Commission

a. Broadcasting companies are eager for questions on their financial arrangements.

What has been the defining feature of public debate regarding radio as a natural resource? a. Broadcasting companies are eager for questions on their financial arrangements. b. Public debate is vigorous and intense over the role of radio. c. There is little public debate over the issue. d. Record companies want to encourage debate in order to create the best environment for artists to grow on the airwaves. e. All of the options are correct.

c. GE, AT&T, American Marconi

What three companies controlled most of RCA when it was first a government-approved commercial monopoly in the early 1920s? a. NBC, GE, United Fruit b. AT&T, GE, Westinghouse c. GE, AT&T, American Marconi d. ABC, NBC, CBS e. AT&T, Clear Channel, CBS

c. 1920s through 1940s

What time period is considered the "golden age" of radio? a. 1960s b. Early 1900s c. 1920s and 1940s d. 1890s e. 1990s

a. A turn to format-driven radio b. A greater dependence on recorded music c. Featuring top deejays during prime driving periods d. A move to reach national audiences e. The repeated playing of top songs

When the radio industry was forced to reorganize in the 1950s, which of the following was not among the changes made? a. A turn to format-driven radio b. A greater dependence on recorded music c. Featuring top deejays during prime driving periods d. A move to reach national audiences e. The repeated playing of top songs

b. AT&T, they sold it through the station WEAF, now WNBC

Which company became the first to sell ads on the radio? a. American Marconi b. AT&T c. NBC d. RCA e. Westinghouse

b. The sinking of the Titanic

Which event led to the Radio Act of 1912, which required most large ships to carry wireless technology? a. Fessenden's 1906 Christmas Eve transmission b. The sinking of the Titanic c. David Sarnoff's wedding d. Lee De Forest's Eiffel Tower broadcast e. Marconi's founding of American Marconi

d. War of the Worlds

Which radio program panicked listeners on Halloween eve in 1938? a. The Shadow b. The Green Hornet c. Amos 'n' Andy d. War of the Worlds e. None of the above options is correct.

d. FM was much better suited to the spoken voice because music sounded clearer on AM.

Which of the following best sums up the advantages and disadvantages of FM radio versus AM? a. FM included less static, had better sound fidelity, but traveled for shorter distances. b. FM included less static, could travel longer distances, but had uneven results with pitch. c. FM was an older, cheaper technology but did better with stereo sound. d. FM was much better suited to the spoken voice because music sounded clearer on AM. e. None of the above options is correct.

a. Listeners today are loyal to specific stations or formats rather than to specific shows.

Which of the following indicates how radio listeners today are different from radio listeners in the 1930s? a. Listeners today are loyal to specific stations or formats rather than to specific shows. b. Listeners today tune in at a specific time to hear their favorite radio programs, rather than cruising through stations. c. Peak listening occurs in the evening hours today, rather than during drive time. d. Today, people listen to their radio at home more than people did in the 1930s. e. None of these options is correct.

True

iHeartMedia radio stations can be heard throughout most of the United states.

a. It allows a radio station to broadcast several different formats simultaneously on the same frequency it already uses.

Which of the following is true about HD radio? a. It allows a radio station to broadcast several different formats simultaneously on the same frequency it already uses. b. It is the same thing as satellite radio. c. It has been exploding in popularity, and consumer demand is outstripping the ability of radio stations to keep up. d. HD radio is an analog technology. e. It was developed in the 1950s but kept from the public for decades by business owners.

d. Morning Edition and All Things Considered are two of its popular programs.

Which of the following statements about National Public Radio is true? a. It is fully funded by the U.S. government with reliable support from the Republican Party. b. It has fewer than two million listeners nationwide each week. c. It is completely free of sponsorship from private businesses and corporations. d. Morning Edition and All Things Considered are two of its popular programs. e. None of the above options is correct.

a. From 1987 until 2014; the number of stations with this format rose from just under 200 to more than 2000. b. It is more expensive to produce than a music format. c. It appeals to advertisers looking to target working- and middle-class adult consumers. d. It tends to appeal to listeners over thirty-five years old.

Which of the following statements about the news/talk/information radio format is true? a. From 1987 until 2014; the number of stations with this format rose from just under 200 to more than 2000. b. It is more expensive to produce than a music format. c. It appeals to advertisers looking to target working- and middle-class adult consumers. d. It tends to appeal to listeners over thirty-five years old. Select all of the above that apply

e. Internet radio only includes existing stations that simulcast over the Web.

Which of the following statements about the relationship between the radio industry and the concept of media convergence is false? a. The convergence between radio and the recording industry was just the earliest instance of radio overlapping with another form of mass media. b. Radio has heavily converged with the Internet with things like podcasts and streaming audio. c. Internet stations are able to negotiate royalty rates directly with the music industry. d. Internet radio harkens back to the early days of radio, with its large variety of stations, and to the transistors of the fifties, with its portability. e. Internet radio only includes existing stations that simulcast over the Web.

a. Television

Which of the following technologies did not cause major changes in the radio industry? a. Television b. The Internet c. The transistor d. FM transmitters e. The telegraph

True

By the 1960s, most radio listening was done outside the home.

True

Alexander Popov was a Russian academic whose experiments in wireless communication occurred at roughly the same time as Marconi's.

Morse

American inventor Samuel __________ developed the system of sending electrical impulses from a transmitter through a cable to a reception point.

b. paying affiliates to broadcast its programs

As a new network, CBS was able to compete with NBC by __________. a. charging affiliates less for its programs b. paying affiliates to broadcast its programs c. being the first network to broadcast in high fidelity d. advertising its programs on billboards e. being the first to offer musical programs and quiz shows

True

Because of the role of the navy in early broadcast history, the United States today has a national broadcasting system both controlled and supervised by the government.

True

By last, nonprofit broadcasters are allocated 25% of all the broadcast frequencies in the United States today.

False

During his lifetime, Nikola Tesla received much recognition for his wireless inventions.

True

During the 1920s, the United States was the only country that allowed commercial interests to control broadcasting.

False, David Sarnoff

Edwin H. Armstrong developed AM radio.

False, it dropped in numbers due to a legal battle against the creator of AM, David Sarnoff

FM radio was an immediate commercial success and made its inventor a rich and happy man.

True

Guglielmo Marconi envisioned wireless telegraphy only as point-to-point communication and not as a one-to-many mass medium.

False, created wireless telegraph

Guglielmo Marconi is credited with creating FM radio.

True

HD radio is a digital technology that enables broadcasters to multicast within an analog frequency.

True

Payola is the practice of record promoters paying deejays to play certain songs on the air.

False, can download it onto more mobile devices

Podcasting and Internet radio aren't very portable because you need a computer to use them.

c. the practice of making a program available online that can be played on computers or portable MP3 players

Podcasting is __________. a. an agricultural term that refers to spreading pods over a large area b. a radio industry practice of sending a bundle, or pod, of programming to affiliates c. the practice of making a program available online that can be played on computers or portable MP3 players d. a reference to the small booths, or pods, that disc jockeys work in e. None of the above options is correct.

True

Politicians have threatened to cut government funding for public broadcasting.

d. radio programs used to be longer and required people's undivided attention

Prior to the 1950s and 1960s, most radio listening occurred in the home because __________. a. people didn't have televisions yet b. radio sets before the invention of transistors used bulky and delicate vacuum tubes c. automobiles weren't really widespread yet so most people couldn't leave home d. radio programs used to be longer and required people's undivided attention e. None of the above options is correct.

True

RCA delayed the deployment of FM radio for many decades because it was more concerned with the development of television.

a. age b. gender c. race or ethnicity d. income

Radio formats usually target specific audiences according to __________. a. age b. gender c. race or ethnicity d. income Select all of the above that apply

False

Radio generates its largest profits by selling big national ads.

False, it came from Colgate-Palmolive began selling its soap products on dramas it sponsored

Radio soap operas got their name because they were a "clean" form of entertainment that lived up to the social and moral codes of the time.

e. Simultaneous and independent discoveries, along with competing claims for patents, often had inventors going to court over their inventions.

Which statement best indicates how inventors and government offices were able to establish who was responsible for early developments in radio technology? a. Patents clearly indicate who invented what piece of technology first. b. Only Italians and Americans were interested in early broadcasting. c. Inventors respected other inventors out of a sense of professional courtesy. d. The early days of radio were heavily regulated, and therefore clearly documented, by government officials. e. Simultaneous and independent discoveries, along with competing claims for patents, often had inventors going to court over their inventions.

a. Many people listen to the radio as they drive to and from work.

Which statement indicates why radio typically has its biggest audiences between 6 and 9 A.M. and between 4 and 7 P.M.? a. Many people listen to the radio as they drive to and from work. b. The funniest shows are on at those times. c. The lucrative teenage audience listens most during those times. d. Radio stations want it to be that way. e. None of the above options is correct.

e. Frank Conrad

Who set up a crude radio station above his Pittsburgh garage in 1916? a. Edwin H. Armstrong b. David Sarnoff c. Ethan Zuckern d. Rush Limbaugh e. Frank Conrad

b. It was done in the style of a real news broadcast.

Why did the public find it easy to believe that Orson Welles's broadcast of War of the Worlds was a real event? a. Newspapers also printed the story as true. b. It was done in the style of a real news broadcast. c. A sizable meteor really did hit New Jersey that day. d. The broadcast was never identified as fiction or a dramatization. e. All of the options are correct.

b. The U.S. Navy was concerned about a foreign-controlled company having so much power over their communications.

Why were AT&T and GE able to undercut Marconi's influence with the U.S. Navy, even though Marconi was the best company? a. The U.S. Navy wanted to use government-owned companies over private companies. b. The U.S. Navy was concerned about a foreign-controlled company having so much power over their communications. c. The U.S. Navy wished to promote international relations by using foreign companies. d. The U.S. Navy was dissatisfied with the way American Marconi was being run. e. None of the above options is correct.

False, the FRC became the FCC

With the Communications Act of 1934, the Federal Communications Commission officially became the Federal Radio Commission.

c. Federal Communications Commission

With the Federal Communications Act of 1934, the Federal Radio Commission became the __________. a. Wireless Communication Commission b. National Broadcasting Company c. Federal Communications Commission d. Radio Corporation of America e. None of the above options is correct.

Internet Radio

__________ could refer to an online simulcast of a traditional radio station or to a service designed especially for this use.

NPR

__________ is a noncommercial radio network established in 1967 by the U.S. Congress to provide an alternative to commercial broadcasting.

Podcasting

__________ is the practice of making audio files available for download over the Internet.

Top 40 Radio or contemporary or some shit

__________, originally called Top 40 radio, encompasses everything from hip-hop to pop punk.