Principles of management 11-16
Leadership
Ability to influence people toward the attainment of goals.
Organizational Change
Adoption of a new idea or behavior by an organization. There are two types.
Diversity
All the ways in which people differ in the workforce
Attitude
An evaluation, positive or negative, that predisposes a person to act in a certain way. Made up of thoughts feelings and behaviors
Locus of control
How people perceive the cause of life events
Attribution theory
How we come about to judge people and their behavior. It is made up of three factors. Distinctiveness, Consistency, and Consensus.
Horizontal linkage
In order to make new products, departments such as marketing, research and manufacturing must work closely as a team.
Equity Theory
Individuals perceptions of how fairly they are treated compared with others. Results in change of work effort, perception, changing outcomes or leaving the job
Changing
Intervention stage of OD when change agents teach new behaviors and skills to people, and guide them in using them in the workplace
Attribution
Judgements about what caused a persons behavior, something about the person or something about that situation
reinforcement theory
Looks at the relationship between behavior and its consequences
Culture Change
Major shift in the norms, values and mindset of the entire organization
Unfreezing
People are made aware of problems and the need for change, part of Organizational Development (OD)
Idea Champion
Someone who sees the need for and champions productive change within the organization. They believe in the idea, see benefits, confronts reality, obtain support and overcome any other obstacles
Prejudice
Tendency to view people who are different as being deficient
Human Resource Management
The design and application of formal systems in an organization to ensure the effective and efficient use of human talent to accomplish goals
Need for Change
The disparity between existing and desired performance levels
Creativity
The generation of novel ideas that may meet needs or respond to opportunities. Characteristics are: Conceptual fluency, originality, curiosity and playfulness, self confidence, and persistent commitment.
Product Change
Type of Organizational change that is a change in the organizations product or service outputs
cognitive dissonance
a psychological discomfort that occurs when individuals recognize inconsistencies in their own attitudes and behaviors
motivation
getting someone's ass in gear
Discrimination
mistreating people because they have a different ethnicity or gender, etc.
Refreezing
people have incorporated new values attitudes and behaviors into their everyday work and the changes become institutionalized in the culture
Stereotypes
rigid, exaggerated, irrational beliefs associated with a particular group of people
Acquired Needs theory
Certain types of needs are acquired during the individuals lifetime. They are not born with it, but through their life journey they come to need it. These are the need for Achievement, Affiliation, and Power
Managing Diversity
Creating a climate where the potential advantages of diversity for group performance are maximized while the potential disadvantages are minimized
Big Five personality Factors
Dimensions that describe a persons extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience.
Critical Innovation Strategies
Exploration, Cooperation, Entrepreneurship
contingency approach
explores how the organizational situation influences leader effectiveness