Principles of Management: Ch 2

A _____ is a graphical chart that shows which tasks must be completed at which times in order to complete a project or task.

Gant Chart

_____ was the first individual to recognize management as a separate art.

Xenophon

_____ believed that coordination and control should be based on facts and information.

a. Mary Parker Follet

_____ uses a quantitative or mathematical approach to find ways to increase productivity, improve quality, and manage or reduce costly inventories.

a. Operations management

According to Max Weber, which of the following characterizes one of the elements of bureaucratic organizations?

a. Rules and procedures apply to all members of an organization.

Mary Parker Follet proposed:

a. the theories of constructive conflict and coordination.

According to Chester Barnard, the extent to which workers willingly cooperate in an organization depends on:

a. the workers' perception of executive authority.

Which of the following is true of a Gantt chart?

b. It shows time in various units on the x-axis and tasks on the y-axis.

The aim of bureaucracy is to:

b. achieve an organization's goals in the most efficient way possible.

The upper management of Barcelona Restaurant Group believes that success depends on employees who are self-starters and empowered. This idea is most consistent with:

c. constructive conflict and coordination

The _____ to management holds that there are no universal management theories.

c. contingency approach

According to the Hawthorne Studies, _____.

c. financial incentives aren't necessarily the most important motivator for workers

The first technologies to truly revolutionize the business use of information were:

c. paper and the printing press.

In the context of Henri Fayol's principles of management, _____ refers to kind, fair, and just treatment for all.

equity

_____ first proposed the idea of bureaucratic organizations.

Max weber

Who among the following was the first individual to follow the management practice of wage incentives and production control?

Nebuchadnezzar

_____ were the first to keep written records as part of their management practice.

Sumerians

_____ occurs when two or more subsystems working together can produce more than they can working apart.

Synergy

_____ were the first to introduce numbering, standardization, and interchangeability of parts in the management system.

Venetians

Scientific Management Principle #3

What's good for employees is good for management

Frank Gilbreth

Who first studied job motions with bricklayers, studying how fewer hand motions made work faster. father of motion studies

_____ contributed to the history of management thought and practice by using the four functions of management—planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.

Xenophon

_____ is best known for his ideas about cooperation and the acceptance of authority.

c. Chester Barnard

In the context of systems management, _____ can function without interacting with their environments.

closed systems

_____ invented the printing press in the 14th century.

d. Johannes Gutenberg

Lilian Gilbreth

Applied T&M studies to human engineering--noted the effects of stress and fatigue on the workers.

Scientific Management Principle #1

Develop standardized approaches and tools

Scientific Management Principle #4

Divide the work and responsibility equally between management and workers

Andy Forsummer, owner of Barcelona Restaurant Group, states that many large restaurant companies create highly regulated work rules that control nearly every aspect of employee behavior in order to find the most efficient way to do a job. This management approach is characteristic of:

Scientific method

Scientific Management Principle #2

Select, Train, and develop workers systematically

Max Weber (1864-1920)

To comprehend behavior, one must learn subjective meaning people attach to actions

Danielle is a manager at a restaurant. The employees bring to her notice that they are dissatisfied with their jobs; they feel they are not paid enough for the number of hours they work. They demand a 20 percent increase in their salaries and a two-hour reduction in their working hours. After several rounds of negotiations, both Danielle and her employees agree on a 15 percent salary hike and a reduction of one hour in their working hours. The concept of _____ is illustrated in this scenario.

compromise

_____ is an approach to dealing with conflict in which both parties give up some of what they want in order to reach agreement on a plan to reduce or settle the conflict.

compromise

Which of the following is true of the contingency approach to management?

d. It suggests that managers need to spend more time analyzing problems, situations, and employees before taking action to fix them.

_____ involves managing the daily production of goods and services.

d. Operations management

According to Chester Barnard, an organization is:

d. a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces created by two or more people.

A systems view of organizations forces managers to:

d. be aware of how the environment affects specific parts of the organization.

The leaders of Barcelona Restaurant Group use ideas and tactics from multiple historical approaches to management. This approach best exemplifies:

d. contingency management.

In the context of Henri Fayol's principles of management, the term _____ refers to developing a strong sense of morale and unity among workers that encourages coordination of efforts.

d. esprit de corps

The point of integrative conflict resolution is to:

d. have both conflicting parties indicate their preferences and then work together to find an alternative that meets the needs of both.

Green Tractor Inc. faced a major conflict. The employees asked for a 10 percent raise in salary and a more flexible schedule. However, the management declared that it needed to freeze salaries and lay off 100 employees. After months of tense negotiations, the management declined the employees' requests, and as per its plan, it froze salaries and fired 100 employees. This approach to dealing with conflict is known as:

domination

According to Mary Parker Follett, when two desires are _____, it means that a solution has been found in which both desires have found a place and neither side has to sacrifice anything.

integrated

According to Max Weber, in bureaucratic organizations, _____ should decide who gets promoted.

managers

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth are best known for their use of _____ to simplify work.

motion studies

In the context of scientific management, which of the following studies involved the breaking of each task or job into separate movements and the elimination of those that were unnecessary or repetitive to simplify work?

motion study

In the context of systems management, _____ can sustain themselves only by interacting with their environments on which they depend for their survival.

open systems

Mary Parker Follett

social worker and social philosopher 1. Organizations should be operated as "communities" 2. Conflicts should be resolved by having managers and workers talk over differences and find solutions that would satisfy both parties 3. The work process should be under control of workers with relevant knowledge Casting power with rather than over people - unity

Kraft Foods has created five global product divisions (beverages, snacks, cheese and dairy, convenience foods, and grocery) and two marketing divisions (one for North America and the other for all the other regions). According to the systems approach to management, these seven divisions are examples of _____.

subsystems

_____ is a set of interrelated elements or parts that function as a whole.

system

According to Scott, the COO of Barcelona Restaurant Group, people continue working with the organization because they want to focus on _____.

taking care of guests

Which of the following is a characteristic of bureaucracy as described by Max Weber?

b. Clear division of tasks, responsibilities, and authority

_____ demonstrated that human factors related to work were more important than the physical conditions or design of the work.

b. Elton Mayo's Hawthorne Studies

According to Scott, the COO of Barcelona Restaurant Group, employees are given the opportunity and freedom to achieve organizational goals through a variety of different approaches, tasks, and decisions, based on the situation. This is most consistent with the:

b. contingency approach to management.

When Andy Forsummer, the owner of Barcelona Restaurants Group, rejects management philosophies that stress employee social relations and employee happiness, he is refuting ideas championed by:

b. the human relations approach to management.