Principles of Management: Chapter 2

Motion Study

Breaking each task or job into its separate motions and then eliminating those that are unnecessary or repetitive.

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Father of scientific management.

Productivity

Measurements of outputs to inputs

Scientific Management

Thoroughly studying and testing different work methods and to identify the best, most efficient way to complete a job.

Administrative Management focuses on ?

How and what managers should do in their jobs.

"Hawthorne Effect"

"Increasing productivity by paying more attention to workers."

Frank & Lillian Gilbreth?

Best known for their use of Motion Studies to simplify work.

Limitations to Bureaucracy

Limited flexibility, Slow decision making, Ignore importance of people and relationships, Rules become ends, Hard to dismantle.

4 Principles of Scientific Management?

1. Develop a science of mgt, study it, analyze it, determine best way to do the work. 2. Scientifically select, train, teach, and develop workers to reach full potential. 3. Instruct managers to cooperate with employees to ensure the principles are implemented. 4. Divide the workload and responsibility equally between management and workers.

Gantt Chart

A graphical chart that shows which tasks must be completed at which times in order to complete a project or task. - Improves efficiency.

Rate Buster

A group member whose work pace is significantly faster than the normal pace in his or her group.

System

A set of interrelated elements or parts that function as a whole.

Compromise

An approach to dealing with conflict in which both parties give up some of what they want in order to reach agreement on a plan to reduce or settle the conflict.

Integrative Conflict Resolution

An approach to dealing with conflict in which both parties indicate their performances and then work together to find an alternative that meets the needs of both.

Domination

An approach to dealing with conflict in which one party satisfies its desires and objectives at the expense of the other party's desires and objectives.

Fayol's Universal Principles of Management

Division of work, Authority, Discipline, Unity of command, Unity of decision, Centralization.

Contingency Approach

Holds that there are no universal management theories and that the most effective management theory or idea depends on the kinds of problems or situations that managers are facing at a particular time and place.

What does Scientific Management focus on?

Improving efficiency

Human Relation Approach focuses on?

People, particularly the psychology and social aspects of work.

Subsystems

Smaller systems that operate within the context of a larger system.

Open Systems

Systems can that sustain themselves only by interacting with their environments, on which they depend for their survival.

Closed Systems

Systems that can sustain themselves without interacting with their environments.

Bureaucracy

The exercise of control on the basis of knowledge, expertise, or experience.

Bureaucratic Management focuses on?

Using knowledge, fairness, and logical rules and procedures.

Synergy

When two or more subsystems working together can produce more than they can working apart. "1+1=3"

Soldiering

When workers deliberately slow their pace or restrict their work output.