Special Education - Chapters 6-8

Chapter 7

Learning Disability

Genetics, environmental toxins, accidents, and illness are examples of:

Selected Answer: Biological factors. Answers: Behavioral factors. Psychosocial factors. Environmental factors. Biological factors.

Which group of students with intellectual disabilities is most likely to be educated primarily in special education settings?

Selected Answer: High school Answers: High school Elementary school Middle school Preschool

Which of the following is an example of classroom assessment?

Selected Answer: Rating scales Answers: Achievement tests Individualized intelligence tests Medical reports Rating scales

Chapter 8

Intellectual Disability

The identification of intellectual disability is made only if the condition is present by the time the student is:

Selected Answer: 18 years old. Answers: 18 years old. 6 years old. 3 years old. 8 years old.

How much more likely are African American students to receive special education services for this disability than are students overall?

Selected Answer: 2 times Answers: 2 times About 5 times Nearly 7 times 3 times

What percentage of students with emotional and behavior disorders graduate from high school with a standard diploma?

Selected Answer: 51% Answers: 51% 44% 74% 35%

Medication is helpful in ameliorating the symptoms of ADHD for what percentage of the students for whom it is prescribed?

Selected Answer: 70-80 Answers: 0-10 70-80 10-20 100

For academic work, what can make the amount of practice available almost limitless?

Selected Answer: A computer with drill-and-practice software Answers: A computer with drill-and-practice software Carefully structured homework Task analysis for each concept introduced A personal paraprofessional assistant

Each of the following is a key element of ADHD EXCEPT:

Selected Answer: ADHD is considered to originate in the brain Answers: ADHD is considered to originate in the brain ADHD is chronic, long term, and not acutely acquired The primary trait is an inability to attend ADHD is situational

Which of the following statements about ADHD is true?

Selected Answer: ADHD is not by itself a disability in IDEA. Answers: Students with ADHD only need behavioral supports in the classroom. ADHD is not by itself a disability in IDEA. Instructional interventions are the only way to keep a student with ADHD focused. Token economies are harmful to students' self-esteem.

All the following are academic difficulties that students with emotional and behavior disorders typically experience EXCEPT:

Selected Answer: Academic problems primarily in one area. Answers: Increased dropout rates. High risk for retention. Low grade point average. Academic problems primarily in one area.

Assessment of adaptive behaviors is completed through:

Selected Answer: All of these. Answers: Interviews with the child's parents and teacher. Surveys with the parents and teacher. Direct observation of the student. All of these.

Each of the following is a classic "stage of grief" often applied to the experience of parents with children with disabilities EXCEPT:

Selected Answer: Anger. Answers: Blame. Anger. Rejection. Denial.

Students who are using real money to practice making change are demonstrating:

Selected Answer: Applied academic skills. Answers: Math skills. Community-based instruction. Applied academic skills. Task analysis.

What percent of children and adolescents in the United States experience depression?

Selected Answer: Approximately 5% Answers: About 25% About 1% Over 10% Approximately 5%

Which of the following is the earliest a child can be assessed for an intellectual disability?

Selected Answer: As an infant Answers: As an infant In elementary school In high school In middle school

Students with ADHD have which level of cognitive ability?

Selected Answer: Average Answers: Average Gifted Below average A full range

Which of the following is a strengths-based assessment instrument?

Selected Answer: Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC-2) Answers: Scale for Assessing Emotional Disturbance (SAED-2) Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale (BERS-2) Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC-2) Behavior Rating Profile (BRP-2)

Barkley (2006) proposed that the primary deficit in individuals with ADHD is not really attention; rather, it is self-regulation problems related neurological factors, or:

Selected Answer: Behavior inhibition Answers: Behavior inhibition Impulsivity Behavior disorders Hyperactivity

Which of the following forms of assessment are frequently used by parents?

Selected Answer: Behavioral checklists Answers: Work samples Behavioral checklists Behavior observation data Anecdotal notes

Each of the following is an option in school for students diagnosed with ADHD EXCEPT:

Selected Answer: Being labeled OHI Answers: Receiving a 504 plan Being labeled OHI Being excused from school when they can't concentrate Receiving IDEA services for other disabilities

Compulsive eating is a characteristic associated with:

Selected Answer: Prader-Willi Syndrome. Answers: Prader-Willi Syndrome. Brain injury. Fragile-X. Fetal alcohol syndrome.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the prevalence of emotional and behavior disorders among boys and girls?

Selected Answer: Boys are diagnosed three or more times more than girls. Answers: Girls are diagnosed six to nine times more often than boys. Boys and girls are equally diagnosed. Boys are diagnosed three or more times more than girls. No data is available on differences between boys and girls

Multidisciplinary teams do NOT address which of the following when deciding whether a student is eligible to receive services for an emotional and behavior disorder?

Selected Answer: Can social maladjustment be eliminated as the sole cause of the student's behavior problems? Answers: Does the student have learning disabilities or attention deficit disorder? Do the student's characteristics of emotional disturbance adversely affect his or her educational performance? Can social maladjustment be eliminated as the sole cause of the student's behavior problems? Are one or more of the characteristics in the definition of emotional disturbance present?

Which group of students is the most likely to be given medication for ADHD?

Selected Answer: Caucasian Answers: Asian African American Caucasian Hispanic

Physicians and psychologists first studied children's hyperactivity but began shifting their research in the 1970s to children's:

Selected Answer: Cognitive deficits Answers: Cognitive impulsivity Inattention Excessive movement Cognitive deficits

The simultaneous occurrence of ADHD with other disabilities is referred to as:

Selected Answer: Comorbidity Answers: Reconstitution Comorbidity Concomitance Co-issue

The most common type of social maladjustment is:

Selected Answer: Conduct disorder. Answers: Mood disorder. Anxiety disorder. ODD. Conduct disorder.

What are two factors mentioned in your text that affect parents' reactions to their children with intellectual disabilities?

Selected Answer: Culture and religion Answers: Culture and religion Religion and education level Culture and income Income and education level

Special schools that include special education in small classes with a strong emphasis on individualized instruction are:

Selected Answer: Day treatment programs. Answers: Resource settings. Day treatment programs. Residential programs. Self-contained settings.

Each of the following symptoms is associated with ADHD-predominantly inattentive type EXCEPT:

Selected Answer: Daydreaming during large-group instruction Answers: Skipping important parts of an assignment Wiggling in their seats Daydreaming during large-group instruction Cannot seem to get organized

Students who have low self-esteem, chronic sadness, and feelings of worthlessness may be experiencing:

Selected Answer: Depression. Answers: Oppositional defiant disorders. Conduct disorders. Depression. Resilience.

A functional behavior assessment involves each of the following steps EXCEPT:

Selected Answer: Describe in detail the settings in which the behavior occurs. Answers: Identify the problem behavior. Form a hypothesis about the function of the behavior based on the data gathered. Implement a specific intervention. Describe in detail the settings in which the behavior occurs.

Jonathan has been tested to determine if he qualifies for special education services under the category of intellectual disability. Each of the following is a question that must be considered in this process EXCEPT:

Selected Answer: Does his IQ score fall below 80? Answers: Does his IQ score fall below 70? Does his IQ score fall below 80? Does he display deficits in social situations? Do his characteristics negatively affect his educational performance?

A record of the length of time a behavior occurred is:

Selected Answer: Duration recording. Answers: Narrative recording. Antecedents-Behavior-Consequences recording. Duration recording. Event recording.

The term used in IDEA for emotional and behavioral disorders is:

Selected Answer: Emotional disturbance. Answers: Socially maladjusted. Emotional disturbance. Behavior disordered. Emotionally impaired.

Two current issues within the field of intellectual disabilities are:

Selected Answer: Expectations for high-stakes testing and the right of students to make their own decisions. Answers: The use of medication and expectations for high-stakes testing. Expectations for high-stakes testing and the right of students to make their own decisions. The right of students to make their own decisions and the use of medication. Expectations for high-stakes testing and the use of medications for students with intellectual disabilities.

Teachers need to base their work on which of the following, even when they are NOT consistent with the teacher's own?

Selected Answer: Families' priorities Answers: Families' values Families' religion Families' priorities Families' culture

All the following are postnatal causes of an intellectual disability EXCEPT:

Selected Answer: Fetal alcohol syndrome. Answers: Lead poisoning. Encephalitis. Fetal alcohol syndrome. Brain injury.

During which stage of the assessment for special education services do general education teachers frequently implement behavior reward systems and other strategies, request input from a team of other professionals, and implement response to intervention procedures to address student behavior problems?

Selected Answer: Formal assessment Answers: Prereferral Eligibility Formal assessment Referral

Martin-Bell syndrome is another name for:

Selected Answer: Fragile X syndrome. Answers: Prader-Willi syndrome. Fetal alcohol syndrome. Down syndrome. Fragile X syndrome.

Learning study and organizational strategies, ways to access services at college, and time management skills are examples of skills to be taught as part of:

Selected Answer: Functional high school curriculum Answers: Transition planning Self-determination training Self-advocacy training Functional high school curriculum

Each of the following is an example of strategies that make instruction effective for all students EXCEPT:

Selected Answer: Have students take turns reciting. Answers: Have students take turns reciting. Give immediate encouragement and specific feedback. Use concrete vocabulary and clear, succinct sentences. Keep lesson objectives clear.

Some professionals believe that students who are gifted and talented often are misdiagnosed as having ADHD. Which behaviors are associated with both ADHD and giftedness?

Selected Answer: Higher than normal activity level and an above average IQ Answers: Poor sustained attention, impulsivity, higher than normal activity level, and aggression Impulsivity, higher than normal activity, and lack of motivation Higher than normal activity level and an above average IQ Poor sustained attention, higher than normal activity level, and difficulty adhering to rules

Which of the following statements about positive behavior supports (PBS) and response to intervention (RTI) is TRUE?

Selected Answer: IDEA requires that they be used to address behavior problems. Answers: RTI has been proven to be effective for addressing behavior problems. There is no provision in special education law for PBS and RTI to be applied to behavior. IDEA requires that they be used to address behavior problems. RTI is ineffective as a means to improve behavior problems.

The first step in the process for identifying a student with ADHD is:

Selected Answer: Initial referral Answers: Initial referral Assessment Eligibility RTI

Each of the following is typically a factor when medication is considered EXCEPT:

Selected Answer: Intelligence level Answers: The child's age Severity of symptoms Participation in sports Intelligence level

Which of the following is NOT a recommended intervention for classroom management for preschoolers identified with ADHD?

Selected Answer: Intense parent training Answers: Intense parent training Immediate feedback Age-appropriate rewards Highly structured environment

Cognitive functioning includes each of the following EXCEPT:

Selected Answer: Interacting appropriately. Answers: Generalization. Interacting appropriately. Working memory. Motivation.

Recent research concerning the cause of ADHD reveals:

Selected Answer: It is the result of a disorder of the brain and contributing factors from environmental and physiological factors Answers: Diet plays a major role in hyperactivity Video games and TV alter brain functions ADHD cannot be explained because it does not truly exist It is the result of a disorder of the brain and contributing factors from environmental and physiological factors

Which of the following is NOT an example of adaptive behaviors in which a student must display deficits to be identified as having an intellectual disability?

Selected Answer: Learning to use free time Answers: Learning to read Learning to interact appropriately Learning to use free time Learning to type on the computer

Of the 14 million youth diagnosed with mental illness, how many receive services?

Selected Answer: Less than 20 percent Answers: At least 35 percent Less than 48 percent At least 60 percent Less than 20 percent

Raymond diligently works on learning how to successfully complete an application in Mrs. Martin's fifth period class. This type of task is an example of:

Selected Answer: Life skills curriculum. Answers: Community-based instruction. Adaptive behavior task. Life skills curriculum. A modified general curriculum.

A persistent depressive disorder is an example of which of the following?

Selected Answer: Mood disorder Answers: Oppositional defiant disorder Anxiety disorder Mood disorder Conduct disorder

The prevalence of emotional and behavior disorders among all students in schools is:

Selected Answer: Nearly 10%. Answers: Nearly 10%. Over 20%. Less than 1%. About 5%.

What percent of students with EBD are in general education for 80 percent or more of the school day?

Selected Answer: Only about 44% Answers: About 54% Nearly 74% Only about 44% Only 24%

Which of the following statements regarding families of children with emotional and behavior disabilities and advocacy is TRUE?

Selected Answer: Parents of children with emotional and behavior disabilities prefer not to participate in such groups because of the shame and embarrassment. Answers: There are too few students identified with EBD for there to be enough parents to form such groups. Parent groups require expensive fees, which eliminates the participation of many families. Parents of children with emotional and behavior disabilities prefer not to participate in such groups because of the shame and embarrassment. Parent-led advocacy groups do not generally exist among families of children with emotional and behavior disabilities.

Which statement BEST describes why negative interactions between parents and school professionals are heightened during meetings?

Selected Answer: Parents often are worried about meeting with professionals because they do not want to learn about additional issues related to their child. Answers: Parents often are worried about meeting with professionals because they do not want to learn about additional issues related to their child. Most parents simply do not show up to meetings, which makes professionals angry. Due to the few number of meetings, families and school professionals have poor relationships that make meetings awkward and uncomfortable. School professionals treat families of children with emotional and behavior disorders differently than other families because the family is usually the cause of such disorders.

Which of the following statements is true regarding parents and assessment for ADHD?

Selected Answer: Parents provide critical information through questionnaires, interviews, and rating scales. Answers: Parents are only consulted as a last resort because they get too emotional. The information parents can provide is generally irrelevant in the assessment process. Parents cannot be objective, and so professionals do not ask for their input. Parents provide critical information through questionnaires, interviews, and rating scales.

In Mrs. Mayor's first-grade class, she pairs Veronica with a learning buddy to help her with her work during science centers. Which of the following strategies is Mrs. Mayor using to assist Veronica?

Selected Answer: Peer tutoring Answers: Direct instruction Task analysis Positive behavior support Peer tutoring

A type of intellectual disability that is inherited only if BOTH parents are carriers of the defective gene is:

Selected Answer: Phenylketonuria (PKU). Answers: Fragile X syndrome. Down syndrome. Fetal alcohol syndrome. Phenylketonuria (PKU).

The Higher Education Opportunity Act (Public Law 110-315), removed the barrier of:

Selected Answer: Requiring the acquisition of a GED before attending postsecondary education programs. Answers: Requiring that students with intellectual disabilities participate in work-study programs. Requiring the acquisition of a GED before attending postsecondary education programs. Requiring a minimum IQ level as a condition of eligibility of attendance in postsecondary education programs. Requiring a traditional high school diploma as a condition of eligibility for financial aid.

The ability to recover and not experience long-term harm from brief episodes of stress or single negative experiences is:

Selected Answer: Resilience. Answers: Competence. Resilience. Power. Connection.

What occurs when a student is involuntarily confined to a room, left alone, and prevented from leaving?

Selected Answer: Seclusion Answers: Seclusion Restraint Time out Physical restraint

If ADHD is significant, a student may qualify for services as other health impaired (OHI). Other students with ADHD may be served through:

Selected Answer: Section 504 Answers: IDEA ADA Section 504 PL 94-142

A person's overall regard for himself or herself as a person is:

Selected Answer: Self-esteem Answers: Self-image Self-esteem Self-determination Self-awareness

In which category would Jake be placed considering his IQ is 28 and he has low adaptive ability?

Selected Answer: Severe Answers: Moderate Mild Profound Severe

Young children who are diagnosed as having ADHD often experience each of the following types of problems EXCEPT:

Selected Answer: Sharing and taking turns Answers: Sleeping through the night Difficulty bonding with others Sharing and taking turns Fewer accidents than would be expected

Shandra exhibits immature behaviors and often misinterprets others' actions, resulting in rejection by her peers. These characteristics fall under which category?

Selected Answer: Social Answers: Academic Cognitive Adaptive Social

Marcus is in an inclusive middle school. During health/P.E. class, Marcus often has difficulty remembering the rules and gives up easily if he is not good at a certain game or skill. These characteristics fall under which category?

Selected Answer: Social Answers: Cognitive Social Behavior Physical

The most common type of medication used for reducing the symptoms of ADHD is:

Selected Answer: Stimulants Answers: Antidepressants Stimulants Antihypertensives Antihistamines

Measuring a student's social and emotional strengths, the characteristic that gives them confidence, and the traits that help them cope with adversity refers to:

Selected Answer: Strength-based assessment. Answers: Strength-based assessment. Classroom assessment. Functional behavior assessment. Individual ability assessment.

Which of the following statement is TRUE?

Selected Answer: Students with emotional and behavior disorders can be taught appropriate social skills using problem solving steps. Answers: Students with emotional and behavior disorders usually have good social skills but struggle academically and emotionally. Students with emotional and behavior disorders cannot be taught social skills if they lack this ability naturally. Students with emotional and behavior disorders usually have poor social skills but excel academically. Students with emotional and behavior disorders can be taught appropriate social skills using problem solving steps.

A general approach to interagency collaboration based on a coordinated network of service providers that is child and family centered, community based, and sensitive to cultural diversity is called:

Selected Answer: System of care. Answers: Wraparound services. Collaboration services. Multiagency care services. System of care.

The instructional strategy that ensures systematic learning is called:

Selected Answer: Task analysis. Answers: Whole-language instruction. Peer-mediated instruction. Task analysis. Direct instruction.

Each of the following is a potentially helpful environmental support EXCEPT:

Selected Answer: Teachers should avoid difficult or tedious tasks Answers: Teachers should avoid difficult or tedious tasks The classroom physical space should be organized and free of distractions Space considerations should include the number and intrusiveness of decorations Teachers should post clear classroom rules and discuss expectations for students

Mrs. Rice has just been informed that Manuel will be pulled from her class at 9:30 a.m. to take the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales Test. Who will administer this test?

Selected Answer: The school psychologist Answers: The school social worker The school psychologist The special education teacher The school counselor

In traditional classification systems, individuals with intellectual disabilities are grouped based on:

Selected Answer: Their age in relation to their IQ. Answers: A combination of intellectual impairment and adaptive behavior skills. Their age in relation to their IQ. Whether they indicate problems with adaptive behavior. The extent of their intellectual impairment.

Each of the following is TRUE of students with ADHD EXCEPT:

Selected Answer: They report that they have fewer close friendships than do those without ADHD Answers: They report that they have fewer close friendships than do those without ADHD They are more likely than other students to be seen as both bullies and victims of bullying They are less likely than other students to be seen as bullies They have difficulty maintaining many of the friendships they do form

During the assessment process of determining whether an individual is eligible for special education services due to emotional and behavior disorders, a family history is obtained. Why is this done?

Selected Answer: To allow the family's input as mandated by IDEA Answers: To establish a relationship with the family To help explain whether genetic or environmental factors might be affecting the student To allow the family's input as mandated by IDEA To let the family know that the evaluation is being conducted and to allow them to ask questions

Effectively collaborating with the parents of children with intellectual disabilities is the responsibility of educational professionals. In doing this, what should be an educator's priority?

Selected Answer: To obtain an understanding of the parents' point of view Answers: To obtain an understanding of the parents' point of view To develop a plan of action to present to the parents for discussion To establish a friendship with the child outside of the school setting To establish a friendship with the parents outside of the school setting

What factor, as discussed in your text, strongly influences inclusive practices for students with intellectual disabilities?

Selected Answer: Traditional thinking favoring separate placement Answers: Opposition to the continuum of placements Teachers' prejudices against inclusion Parents' resistance to inclusive practices Traditional thinking favoring separate placement

Whether students with ADHD successfully transition into postschool options can depend heavily on each of the following EXCEPT:

Selected Answer: Whether they took medications Answers: Whether they took medications Their understanding of their disorder Their skills at advocating for themselves Having a supportive family

Critics of increasing inclusion of students with intellectual disabilities in general education settings argue each of the following EXCEPT:

Selected Answer: With variations in activities and assignments, these students are capable of learning far more than those supporting alternative curricula have assumed. Answers: The pace of instruction in the general curriculum is too fast for students with intellectual disabilities. With variations in activities and assignments, these students are capable of learning far more than those supporting alternative curricula have assumed. Even when accommodations are provided, the content is too abstract. Students too often attend general education classes where they understand little of the instruction.

Each of the following is an assumption essential to the AAIDD definition EXCEPT:

Selected Answer: Within an individual, limitations cannot coexist with strengths. Answers: Limitations in present functioning must be considered within the context of community environments typical of the individual's age, peers, and culture. Valid assessment considers cultural and linguistic diversity as well as differences in communication, sensory, motor, and behavioral factors. With appropriate personalized supports over a sustained period, the life functioning of the person with intellectual disability generally will improve. Within an individual, limitations cannot coexist with strengths.

What fraction of individuals identified as having ADHD continue to have symptoms in adulthood?

Selected Answer: all Answers: none all 2/3 1/4

According to one study, how much more likely than other children were children with ADHD to have been expelled or suspended to have repeated a grade?

Selected Answers: 2 tp 5 times Answers: 80-90 times 2 tp 5 times 10 to 15 times 40-50 times

What percentage of students with learning disabilities also are identified as ADHD?

Selected Answers: 26 percent Answers: 100 percent 50 percent 26 percent 4 percent

Interventions that are designed to provide structure, quick pace, and variety are referred to as:

Selected Answers: Instructional Answers: Instructional Behavioral Environmental Social