Portugal and Spain
First Denmark, then _________, then _________ entered the Thirty Years War on behalf of the Protestants.
Sweden France
The population of Latin America was divided into three classes. The lower class consisted of
mestizos, mulattoes, Indians, Blacks
In 1480, to divide the new lands between Spain and Portugal, the pope drew the first:
papal Line of Demarcation
The population of Latin America was divided into three classes. The upper class was known as __________ and the middle level was known as .
peninsulares aristocracy
sovereignty
supreme power or authority
In 1415 Henry established a school of navigation at_________ , hiring the best captains and mapmakers as professors.
Sagres
Charles V and Philip II were the last of the strong Hapsburg rulers in ________.
Spain
In 1580 the country of Portugal was conquered by _______ .
Spain
countries or areas did Portugal contact, colonize, or establish posts in?
Sumatra, Africa, China, Java, Japan, and the New world
Iberian peninsula
a peninsula in southwestern Europe consisting of the countries of Spain and Portugal
mulatto
a person having one white and one Negro parent; being of white and Negro blood
mestizo
a person of Spanish and American Indian descent.
encomienda
a policy whereby a certain number of Indian slaves were granted to landowners by the king
Cuauhtemoc
an Aztec king and warrior
Moors
an ethnic group of mixed Berber and Arab stock living in northwestern Africa
The __________church was responsible for presenting the gospel to the Indians.
catholic
Charles V succeeded in uniting ________ and ________.
church, state
Tenochtitlan
city of Mexico
Portugal had difficulty colonizing because they:
lacked resources, population, and size
The economic policy which included the idea that all colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country was:
mercantilism
Prince Henry died in
1480
To help with the work on the large farms, black slaves were imported in the________ , so many that they outnumbered the whites twenty to one
1500s
In _______ Portuguese ships sailed into Japanese harbors and began trading operations.
1542
Ferdinand Magellan
wanted to sail around the world
opulence
wealth; riches
A storm, a strong current, and swift vessels helped the British defeat the Armada in ______ .
1588
In 1487 Bartholomew Dias discovered the tip of Africa, which he called the
Cape of storms
One of the reasons for the Thirty Years War was that members of the _____________were converting to Lutheranism and taking their lands with them.
Catholic clergy
Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire and ____________________ were the same man.
Charles I of Spain
viceroyalty
A Spanish province in Latin America administered by the crown or the Council of the Indies
Henry initiated a program of exploration to find a route to the East Indies, by sailing around
Africa
In 1143,__________gained independence for Portugal.
Alphonso I
Portugal's only colony in the New World was:
Brazil
In 1500 the tip of Brazil was discovered by , _________a Portuguese captain.
Cabral
Spanish Latin America was governed by the ______________or the ______________ .
Council of the Indies, king
By circumnavigating Africa, Vasco da Gama became the first European to reach the _________ by sea.
East Indies
Thirty Years' War was fought mostly in ________and originally pitted the Protestant princes union against an alliance of Catholic princes and the Holy Roman Empire.
Germany
Portugal controlled much of the trade in East Indies through posts on the:
Malay peninsula, at Java, at Sumatra, and in the Spice Islands.
Spanish Latin America was divided into viceroyalties on two different occasions. The end result was four viceroyalties named , , , and .
Peru, New Granada, New Spain, la Plata
Charles V, a devout Catholic, began the Counter Reformation, which was highly successful in:
Poland, Austria, and Hungary.
In 1807 Napoleon's troops marched into _______ , forcing the royal family to flee for their lives.
Portugal
In July of 1497, ______________set sail from the port of Lisbon with four ships.
Vasco da Gama
conquistador
a Spanish conqueror in North America or South America
friars
a member of certain religious orders of the Roman Catholic Church
Hernando Cortes
conquered the Aztecs
Francisco Pizarro
conquered the Incas
Portugal was the first European nation to:
contact Japan and China
Christopher Columbus
discovered the New World
When the __________ was abandoned because of a declining Indian population, a system of __________ was formed.
encomiendas peonage
Prince Henry was called the Navigator because of his three dreams to:
explore, obtain wealth, and spread the gospel
acquiesced
gave consent to; accepted without making objections
The king of Portugal later renamed the tip of Africa the Cape of _________because it proved to be a route to the East.
good hope
Atahualpa
the Incan Emperor
iconoclasm
the attacking of cherished beliefs or traditional institutions regardless whether based on error or superstition
peonage
the condition or service of a person doing work that requires little skill
Quetzalcoatl
the great blond god of the Aztecs
Andes Mountains
the home of the Incas
circumnavigate
to sail around
Portugal's main source of economic support came through the business of
trade