Portugal and Spain

First Denmark, then _________, then _________ entered the Thirty Years War on behalf of the Protestants.

Sweden France

The population of Latin America was divided into three classes. The lower class consisted of

mestizos, mulattoes, Indians, Blacks

In 1480, to divide the new lands between Spain and Portugal, the pope drew the first:

papal Line of Demarcation

The population of Latin America was divided into three classes. The upper class was known as __________ and the middle level was known as .

peninsulares aristocracy

sovereignty

supreme power or authority

In 1415 Henry established a school of navigation at_________ , hiring the best captains and mapmakers as professors.

Sagres

Charles V and Philip II were the last of the strong Hapsburg rulers in ________.

Spain

In 1580 the country of Portugal was conquered by _______ .

Spain

countries or areas did Portugal contact, colonize, or establish posts in?

Sumatra, Africa, China, Java, Japan, and the New world

Iberian peninsula

a peninsula in southwestern Europe consisting of the countries of Spain and Portugal

mulatto

a person having one white and one Negro parent; being of white and Negro blood

mestizo

a person of Spanish and American Indian descent.

encomienda

a policy whereby a certain number of Indian slaves were granted to landowners by the king

Cuauhtemoc

an Aztec king and warrior

Moors

an ethnic group of mixed Berber and Arab stock living in northwestern Africa

The __________church was responsible for presenting the gospel to the Indians.

catholic

Charles V succeeded in uniting ________ and ________.

church, state

Tenochtitlan

city of Mexico

Portugal had difficulty colonizing because they:

lacked resources, population, and size

The economic policy which included the idea that all colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country was:

mercantilism

Prince Henry died in

1480

To help with the work on the large farms, black slaves were imported in the________ , so many that they outnumbered the whites twenty to one

1500s

In _______ Portuguese ships sailed into Japanese harbors and began trading operations.

1542

Ferdinand Magellan

wanted to sail around the world

opulence

wealth; riches

A storm, a strong current, and swift vessels helped the British defeat the Armada in ______ .

1588

In 1487 Bartholomew Dias discovered the tip of Africa, which he called the

Cape of storms

One of the reasons for the Thirty Years War was that members of the _____________were converting to Lutheranism and taking their lands with them.

Catholic clergy

Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire and ____________________ were the same man.

Charles I of Spain

viceroyalty

A Spanish province in Latin America administered by the crown or the Council of the Indies

Henry initiated a program of exploration to find a route to the East Indies, by sailing around

Africa

In 1143,__________gained independence for Portugal.

Alphonso I

Portugal's only colony in the New World was:

Brazil

In 1500 the tip of Brazil was discovered by , _________a Portuguese captain.

Cabral

Spanish Latin America was governed by the ______________or the ______________ .

Council of the Indies, king

By circumnavigating Africa, Vasco da Gama became the first European to reach the _________ by sea.

East Indies

Thirty Years' War was fought mostly in ________and originally pitted the Protestant princes union against an alliance of Catholic princes and the Holy Roman Empire.

Germany

Portugal controlled much of the trade in East Indies through posts on the:

Malay peninsula, at Java, at Sumatra, and in the Spice Islands.

Spanish Latin America was divided into viceroyalties on two different occasions. The end result was four viceroyalties named , , , and .

Peru, New Granada, New Spain, la Plata

Charles V, a devout Catholic, began the Counter Reformation, which was highly successful in:

Poland, Austria, and Hungary.

In 1807 Napoleon's troops marched into _______ , forcing the royal family to flee for their lives.

Portugal

In July of 1497, ______________set sail from the port of Lisbon with four ships.

Vasco da Gama

conquistador

a Spanish conqueror in North America or South America

friars

a member of certain religious orders of the Roman Catholic Church

Hernando Cortes

conquered the Aztecs

Francisco Pizarro

conquered the Incas

Portugal was the first European nation to:

contact Japan and China

Christopher Columbus

discovered the New World

When the __________ was abandoned because of a declining Indian population, a system of __________ was formed.

encomiendas peonage

Prince Henry was called the Navigator because of his three dreams to:

explore, obtain wealth, and spread the gospel

acquiesced

gave consent to; accepted without making objections

The king of Portugal later renamed the tip of Africa the Cape of _________because it proved to be a route to the East.

good hope

Atahualpa

the Incan Emperor

iconoclasm

the attacking of cherished beliefs or traditional institutions regardless whether based on error or superstition

peonage

the condition or service of a person doing work that requires little skill

Quetzalcoatl

the great blond god of the Aztecs

Andes Mountains

the home of the Incas

circumnavigate

to sail around

Portugal's main source of economic support came through the business of

trade