Prisby Civil War Test
Fugitive Slave Act
(1850) Law that provided for harsh treatment for escaped slaves and for those who helped them
Bad Presidents Factor
-1850's -Millard Fillmore: enforced fugitive slave act, believed that role of president was to not do much (1850-53) - Franklin pierce: signed Kansas- Nebraska Act... regretted his decision (1853-57) -James Buchanan: sat and watched Civil war happen, wanted Supreme Court to handle the problem of seceding, got elected because he didn't have an opinion on the Kansas issue
Dred Scott Decision
-1857 -slave who escaped from owner... tried to sue for his freedom - supreme court case : Dred Scott v Sanford -did not become free... lost his case
Divided/ stalemate in congress
-1858 - "caning of sumner": Mass senator Charles sumner and Southern senator Preston Brooks. - nothing would pass in congress because it was divided -southern democrats: agree with slavery -republicans: no slavery
John Brown's Raids
-1859 -was an abolitionist -raided harpers ferry Arsenal in virginia.. armed slave revolt -revolt did not work out... was captured by General Robert E. Lee -was tried for treason and was hung -the south was enraged over these raids
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
-Act which stated that all unorganized land was open to popular sovereignty -Enforced by Stephen Douglas -Goes back on Missouri Compromise
Battle of Antietam (1862)
-Bloodiest day in American History -Union Victory -26,000 casualties -Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation -Great Britain drops connections with South -Lee becomes predictable
Uncle Tom's Cabin
-Book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe that spoke out against slavery - Abe Lincoln: "So you're the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war"
South Advantages
-Climate ideal for agriculture -Economy based on agriculture -Self-sufficient
Costs of Civil War
-Deadliest War -1.5 million casualties
Battle of Bull Run (1861)
-First major battle -Confederate victory -30,000 inexperienced Union soldiers -> Richmond (100 miles from D.C.) -Confederate Moral ⬆️ -Union calls to draft 500,000 more soldiers - battle where people stopped watching
Emmancipation Proclamation
-January 1, 1863 -Military Necessity -Compelled moral purpose -⭐️Freed Slaves⭐️
Election of 1860
-Lincoln became president... got 180 electoral votes -led to division of U.S. and the south seceding
Battle of Gettysburg (1863)
-Longest battle in North America -First battle with riffles -90,000 Union vs. 75,000 Confederates -Turning point of Civil War -Lee puts Pickett in charge of attacking Union's central lines -> Northern artillery fired -Union Victory -⭐️Highest casualties w/50,000
Missouri Compromise (1820)
-Maine as free state, Missouri as slave state, slavery prohibited north of 36°30' -Number of free states and slave states are balanced 11-11
Impact of riffle
-More accurate -Reload quicker
Anaconda Plan
-Navy blockaded Southern ports to prevent cotton trade - riverboats and armies moved down the Mississippi River to split Confederacy in two - Capture Richmond, VA (the confederate capital)
Gettysburg Address
-November 19, 1863 -Lincoln's speech to honor fallen soldiers -Reserve plot of land as cemetery -Motivate Union -Made things political
Scorched Earth Campaign
-Objective was to get the port of Savannah -Burnt plantations, crops, stores, etc. -Tried freeing slaves
Union War Strategies
-Offensive strategy - ⭐️Anaconda Plan⭐️ -Economic Pressure -Utilized Navy -Navigate through waters -Shut down ports along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico to stop the South from getting Cotton to Europe -Took over Mississippi River to limit Confederacy
Confederate War Strategies
-Offensive-Deffensive Strategy: Troops moved around to meet military needs -Cordon Deffense: Manning the entire border of their territory
North Advantages
-Rivers -Ports -Cities developed as trading centers -Factories -Large population -Economy based on manufacturing -Railroads
What was Sherman's March to the Sea?
-Sherman's Army chased Confederate troops through Georgia in a vain attempt to lure them into a decisive fight -Had alternative strategy to destroy South by laying waste to its economic and transportation infrastructure
Weaknesses of the North...
-Short growing season= no food -Not many people attending school= no education
Weaknesses of the South...
-Slaves= necessary for economy -1/3 population: slaves -Only 6 million non-slaves to fight
Secret Virginia Deal
-Virginia was not sure which side to choose -Lincoln meets with Virginian and says if they stay in the Union he will give up and resupply Fort Sumter
Gains from Civil War
-⭐️Abolition of Slavery⭐️ -United Country -⭐️Federal government more powerful than states⭐️
How many confederate states were there?
11
What years did the Civil War take place?
1861-1865
When was Sherman's March to the Sea?
1864
How many Union states were there?
23
Popular Sovereignty
A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.
Which two Union states were farthest west?
California + Oregon
Sherman Sentinels
Chimneys of burnt houses
What was the beginning of the end of the Confederacy?
Confederate troops surrounded to Sherman in North Carolina, 17 days after Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox
April 12, 1861
First Confederate cannon shot at Fort Sumter
Impact of photography (Matthew Brady)
Get to see what soldiers went through + the damage
Slave Holding States in Union
Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, and Missouri
April 9, 1865 at Appomattox Court House
Lee surrenders to Grant, ends civil war
April 14th, 1865
Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth
Matthew Brady
Main photographer for civil war
Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederacy
Confederate General
Robert E. Lee (opposed secession)
Which state was the first to secede?
South Carolina in 1861
Which Confederate state was farthest west?
Texas
Confederate States
Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, Florida, Arkansas, Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, West Virginia, Delaware, Maryland, Missouri, Kentucky
What was the name of the North's War Plan ?
The Anaconda Plan
Union General
Ulysses S. Grant (Useless Grant)
Bleeding Kansas
a name applied to the Kansas Territory in the years before the Civil War, when the territory was a battleground between proslavery and anti slavery forces
