Progression: Field Tech IV - V
Patch cables
(also called patch cords or straight-through cables) connect a device to a permanently installed cable, or to a hub or switch.
Which DSCP bits can administrators use to define custom DiffServ packet PHBs?
3-5
How large is the IP version 4 address field?
32 bits
The DiffServ DSCP specifies that how many bits in the modi- fied IP ToS field are used to designate the packet's PHB?
6
Resource sharing
A server process typically can serve many clients, thus client/server architecture is a good way to share many types of resources across an organization.
Simplex
A signal may flow in only one direction. A commercial radio station uses simplex communication, because listeners cannot transmit radio signals back to the station.
Admission control protocols, authentication mechanisms, and _______ are three ways communication networks provide admission control.
Access Control Lists (ACLs)
What do bridges require that hubs and repeaters do not?
Address tables
The Transport Layer is not concerned with which of the following?
Addressing Connection management Flow control Buffering None of the above <----
Basic services provided by the Transport Layer include:
Addressing Connection management Flow control and buffering Multiplexing and parallelization Reliable and sequenced delivery Service quality management
Which of the following protocols is commonly used in the Session Layer?
Advanced Program-to-Program Communications (APPC)
Why is ATM better for multimedia?
All cells are the same size. Cells are small. ATM runs over fast fiber optics. All of the above. <<<<----
Connection-oriented service
All data in the same virtual circuit travels over the same physical path for the duration of a transmission (unless one of the switches fails or some other network problem occurs).
The header of an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) message includes a Type field. The number in this field represents a message type as well as the format of a packet. What does the type field "14" represent?
Timestamp Reply
Each wire of a local loop is sometimes referred to as:
Tip and Ring
What is the purpose of bandpass filtering on a POTS line?
To remove high-frequency noise
Bridges are needed in which of the following situations?
Too much traffic on the LAN Remote connection of two LANs over a WAN link
Which of the following commands shows the path between source and destination in a TCP/IP network?
Tracert
Which of the following troubleshooting tools tells you the distance, in hops, to the destination computer?
Tracert
Segmenting traffic between different portions of a single LAN is referred to as:
Traffic isolation
Which of the following is an example of a Transport Layer protocol?
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Which of the following is the primary purpose of a Physical Layer protocol?
Transmit bits across a physical link
Which of the following is the primary purpose of a Data Link Layer protocol?
Transmit frames across a physical link
Which of the following is the primary purpose of a Transport Layer protocol?
Transmit messages from process to process
The two primary classifications of bridges are:
Transparent and source route
Which layer uses port numbers for communication?
Transport Layer
_____ is a simple file transfer protocol used to transport data packets over UDP.
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
A frame relay network uses fewer lines to connect 10 locations than a T1 mesh, and is therefore more cost effective. True or False?
True
Collisions are normal on CSMA/CD LANs and not usually the result of errors. True or False?
True
Frame headers and packet headers contain addresses. True or False?
True
The primary purpose of a device driver is to control hardware under the supervision of the OS. True or False?
True
The connection between switching systems is referred to as a:
Trunk
Twisted Pair Cabling Characteristics Physical Installation
Twisted pair is light, flexible, and easy to install. In most installations, the twisted pair is routed from desktops to a central wiring closet. RJ-45 connectors make the cable easy to snap in and out of the ports of patch panels and switches.
Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) is most like which of the following?
An informal conversation in which each person speaks when the opportunity presents itself, but only one person speaks at any time
two ways we can use a flow of energy to carry data
Analog and digital
Which of the following devices isolate traffic in an Ethernet network?
Bridge Switch Router
Coaxial Cabling Characteristics Bandwidth
Broadband coaxial systems, such as Internet access via cable modems, offer high bandwidth because a single cable can carry multiple baseband channels.
Which of the following network topologies connects devices to a shared straight-line cable?
Bus topology
Bridges and Layer 2 switches filter traffic in which way?
By evaluating the destination MAC address in each frame and switching each frame to the port that leads to the destination frame address
M6L5 When a CO switch provides a business telephone switching services, it is referred to as:
Centrex
Central offices are connected to which of the following:
Class 4 offices Other central offices Individual subscribers
Which class of Internet address provides the fewest network numbers, but the greatest number of hosts per network?
Class A
Coaxial Cabling Characteristics Physical Installation
Coaxial cable is bulky and relatively difficult to install through wire ducts and other spaces within a building. In addition, a cable break anywhere along a bus can disable the entire network segment.
Three of the following terms mean the same thing. Which of the following terms does not mean the same as the others?
Common Channel Signaling
Which of the following scenarios requires a gateway?
Connecting an IP network to an AppleTalk network
WANs are shifting away from switched services and increasingly using dedicated network services. True or False?
False
Which of the following cable types can transmit data farthest?
Fiber optic
Which activities occur at the Application Layer?
File transfer and access email Web browser All of the above <----
Forwarding, Learning, and _______ are three important functions provided by a bridge.
Filtering
Which of the following is not considered a QoS parameter?
Flows
Data (DATA)
DATA packets contain the data transferred from the server to the client, or in the case of an upload, from the client to the server. DATA packets use an opcode=3.
________ is an application that manages Internet resources and transmits them in response to requests from Web browsers.
HTTP server
In data networking, this term is defined as "Signals may flow in either direction, but not simultaneously".
Half-duplex
Performance will likely increase in an Ethernet network when which of the following occurs?
Hubs are replaced by switches.
Data security, data compression, and ________ are the three main services that the Presentation Layer provides.
Data representation
The Presentation Layer provides three main services:
Data representation Data security Data compression
Static routing and dynamic routing are two out of three different types of indirect routing. What is the third type?
Default routing
What Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) is designed to support large, densely populated multicast groups?
Dense Mode (DM)
The CD in CSMA/CD refers to the ability of an Ethernet node to do which of the following?
Detect frame collisions
Which of the following SIP functions is defined as "SIP determines if an endpoint is available and willing to participate in a call"?
Determining endpoint availability
Acknowledgment (ACK)
Devices send ACK packets in response to correctly received DATA packets. ACK packets use an opcode=4.
The modified IP header ToS byte supports which QoS mechanism?
DiffServ
Which application is associated with the well-known port number 53?
Domain Name Server (DNS)
Which DHCP network address allocation mechanism assigns a host a temporary IP address?
Dynamic
What Fast Ethernet standard can send Ethernet frames at 100 Mbps over Category 5E UTP or fiber optic cabling?
IEEE 802.3u
You need to reconfigure a Linux server to change the address of its default gateway. What tool should you use?
IFconfig
Which of the following is an example of a Network Layer protocol?
IP
Which of the following are kept in a computer's Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache?
IP address and MAC address
M8L1 What should you use to inspect the IP address of a Windows operating system PC?
IPconfig
Which of the following shows the IP address assigned to a PC running Windows XP / 7?
IPconfig
The main reason for the creation of IP version 6 is:
IPv4 does not provide enough unique addresses
Which of the following best represents a logical address?
IPv6
What is the second step when troubleshooting a network?
Identify the affected area
Equipment operation
Immunity to electrostatic discharge, corrosion resistance, power conditioning and fault handling, resistance to electromagnetic interference (EMI), earthquake protection, and noise emissions.
Which statement best describes ISDN DSS1?
It controls signaling between the customer and the CO.
When a repeater receives a bit pattern at its input, what does it do?
It generates the same pattern at its output, at a higher power level
Coaxial Cabling Characteristics Security
It is difficult to tap or intercept a signal on a coaxial cabling system without detection. Any attempt to tap into the coaxial bus will break or interrupt network traffic.
Which choice describes the time it takes for a packet to move through a network?
Latency
At what OSI model layer does DiffServ operate?
Layer 3
This unique ID number is coordinated by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and is used by only one network interface card anywhere in the world.
Media access control address (MAC)
Which solution is more economical than using regular long distance service and enables companies to route telephone call over their data network?
Packet telephony
Transport layer processes work with transmission channels using multiplexing and ___________ techniques.
Parallelization
What type of routing allows network administrators to specify additional information sources for the routing table and network model?
Policy-based
In data networking, ________ describes the characteristics of a transmission link, such as throughput, setup time, or accuracy.
Quality of service (QoS)
What three basic functions does a telephone switch do when it processes calls?
Signaling, routing, and switching
The feature of a PBX system that creates a log of all incoming and outgoing calls is called?
Station Message Detail Recording (SMDR)
________ allows network administrators to break up a single network address into smaller network addresses, creating router-connected network segments, all with their own unique network address space.
Subnetting
Which device cannot solely break up LAN broadcast traffic? If large workgroups present broadcast containment issues, consider VLANs designed as separate routed subnets.
Switch
What is the main difference between a standard switch and a bridge?
Switches effectively multiply the network's bandwidth
Which of the following applications use UDP services? (Choose three.)
TFTP SNMP DNS
What enables the transport of computer data over analog telephone local loops?
Telephone modems.
What is the Signaling System 7 (SS7) protocol used for?
Telephone network control signaling
When light travels through a fiber-optic cable, the change in refractive index causes the light to refract off which of the following?
The boundary between the core and the cladding
What is the main advantage of using balanced signaling on a serial cable?
The cable can be longer because balanced signaling is less vulnerable to interference.
Clock speed
The clock speed indicates how many instructions per second the processor can execute. Each "tick" of the clock is called a cycle, thus clock speed is measured in cycles per second. A single cycle per second is called 1 hertz (Hz), 1,000 Hz is 1 kilohertz (kHz), 1 million Hz is 1 megahertz (MHz), and 1 billion Hz is 1 gigahertz (GHz). A CPU that runs at 400,000,000 cycles per second is a 400- MHz processor.
Synchronous
The communicating parties or endpoints use time to organize communication. In a data network, two communicating computers use each clock "tick" to detect whether a digital bit is a 1 or 0. For example, as each time interval passes, a computer checks the network cable to see whether the voltage is high (binary 1) or low (binary 0). Because the timing determines the meaning of the signal, it is essential that the endpoints are synchronized to the same clock before sending signals.
What is happening in step 8 of the SS7-VoIP Gateway Call Progress?
The destination SSP rings the destination subscriber telephone set
Twisted Pair Cabling Characteristics Security
Twisted pair is the least secure of the common LAN media types. The cable radiates signals, which an eavesdropper can detect with an antenna. It is also easy to plug into a UTP switch where signals are broadcast.
Default routing
These are manually configured routes designed to send any packets without an assigned route to the next hop router by means of a default router port. These can only be used on routers with a single outside interface.
Dynamic routing
These are routes built by routers sharing routing information. Dynamic routes use routing protocols to pass routing updates between each other. Some dynamic routing protocols are Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP), and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF).
Static routing
These routes are configured by the network administrator. They have the benefit of reduced router overhead, no bandwidth usage passing updates between routers, and added security. Disadvantages include high administrative overhead updating and maintaining the routing entries and poor scalability on large networks.
Which of the following cable types uses a T-connector to connect each NIC to the cable?
Thinnet
Which of the following would not be used in a typical star topology?
Thinnet
A dedicated CO circuit that links two points is referred to as a:
Tie Line
Twisted Pair Cabling Characteristics Noise Immunity
Twisted pairs provide the least immunity to noise of all physical conductors; the twisting reduces, but does not eliminate, interference. The medium both emits and is sensitive to EMI and RFI.
In what part of a building would you typically find punch-down blocks?
Wiring closet
Can switches switch two frames simultaneously?
Yes
A network OS (NOS)
also called a client/server OS, provides centralized control of all network resources. A network administrator can decide what each user may see and do on the network. By far, the most common NOS packages are Microsoft and UNIX/Linux servers.
Registered ports—1024 through 49151
are also regulated by ICANN. These numbers are assigned to widely-used commercial applications, such as Macromedia's Shockwave (port 1626).
Global Area Networks (GAN)
are designed to allow users to have unlimited uninterrupted network access anywhere around the globe via LAN, wireless, cellular, and satellite connections.
Wide Area Networks (WAN)
are essentially the same as MANs, but span longer distances. A WAN may include sites in the same country or multiple countries.
Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN)
are formed by connecting LANs in several locations across a city or small region. The links between LANs are typically leased from companies that provide telephony and data services.
QSIG supports which of the following ISDN supplementary services? (Choose three.)
· Call transfer · Calling party identification · Generic functions
Which two are sources of H.323 network voice transmission delays? (Choose two.)
· Compression delay · DSP delay
An MG consists of which two components? (Choose two.)
· Endpoints · Connections
Which choices are TCP features? (Choose three.)
· Flow control · Packet error recovery · Demultiplexing multiple applications
Which two solutions might we use to address jitter problems in a VoIP network? (Choose two.)
· Install devices that provide jitter buffers · Prioritize network voice traffic
You suspect that a crossover cable has been installed instead of a patch cable. What can you use to identify the cable? (Choose two.)
· Visual inspection of both connectors · Media tester/certifier
Which two TCP/IP tools can you use to force a workstation to renew its DHCP lease? (Choose two.)
· Winipcfg · IPconfig
ATM requires fiber media to run. True or False?
False
Which of the following best represents a hub?
A repeater
How are bits represented on fiber optic cable?
Pulses (on/off) of light
Which ISDN protocol allows us to pass signaling between networked PBXs?
QSIG
After entering "arp" into the MS-DOS command line, which of the following switches would display the ARP cache?
-a or -g
In a Class A Internet address, which of the following network numbers are reserved? (Choose all that apply)
0 127
What is the binary equivalent to the decimal number "14"?
0000 1110
How many 802.1p header bits identify the frame's priority, and how many frame classes does the standard define?
3, 8
According to 10BaseT wiring rules, what is the maximum segment length without a repeater?
100 m
Which of the following is also called "Thicknet" or "yellow wire" and includes two layers of foil shielding as well as an additional copper mesh shield?
10Base5 cable
Ethernet operates at all speeds except which of the following?
16 Kbps
Which of the following is a Class C IP address?
192.168.40.15
How many unique addresses are supported by IP version 6?
2 128
How many wire pairs can be terminated on a 66 block?
25 or 50
The default PCM voice digitization rate is ____________.
64 Kbps
Which of the following describes the bandwidth of a single FT1?
64 Kbps
How much bandwidth in a T1 circuit is allocated for control information?
8 Kbps.
21. Which tagging method supports thousands of VLANs?
802.1Q
Which VLAN tagging standard header does IEEE 802.1p modify to identify Ethernet frame priority?
802.1Q
Which of the following specifications provides a standard definition of Ethernet VLANs?
802.1Q
Write Request (WRQ)
A client sends a WRQ packet to request upload to a server. WRQ packets use an opcode=2.
Read Request (RRQ)
A client sends an RRQ packet to request a file from the server. RRQ packets use an opcode=1.
What makes a crossover cable different from a patch cord?
A crossover cable uses the 568A pattern on one jack, and the 568B pattern on the other. A patch cord uses the same pinout pattern on both jacks.
What is a broadcast frame?
A frame addressed to "all nodes"
No end-to-end error detection or correction
A frame either makes it across the network or it does not. A frame relay switch discards damaged frames without notifying the sender or receiver. It assumes the physical links are reliable, and leaves error recovery to higher layer protocols such as Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
Which of the following is implemented over a public telecommunication switching system, such as a frame relay cloud?
A public network
Receiver
A receiver converts the modulated light pulses back to electrical signals and decodes them. It includes: Photodetector that converts the light pulses into electric signals Amplifier, if needed Message decoder
Distributed applications
Applications can be distributed on the network based on their requirements for resources. For example, an application that provides computing-intensive services can be installed on a computer with very high processing capacity, while the user's client application runs on a workstation that provides high-end graphic display capabilities.
Twisted Pair Cabling Characteristics Bandwidth
As with many other media, the bandwidth and distance of twisted pairs are interrelated. As the length of a segment increases, its data rate decreases. The higher the bit rate, the shorter the span.
At which points in a one-way, multiple hop, end-to-end IP communications session will a frame have to be built? (Choose two.)
At each hop's router outbound port At the sending host's LAN port
Which of the following is defined as a loss in signal amplitude, or strength, that occurs as a signal passes through a transmission medium and interconnecting devices?
Attenuation
Which connector type is used with Thinnet coaxial cable?
BNC
What method, in SIP terminology, is defined as a message that terminates a session by either endpoint?
BYE
Which is a network management and utility software that is typically used by network administrators and information systems personnel when the network is unused or lightly used, often in the middle of the night?
Backup and recovery utilities.
What is the key reason that smart LAN administrators demand well-made cable connections?
Bad cable connections degrade a network's performance.
Asynchronous
Bits are not transmitted on any strict timetable. For example, a computer modem typically uses 8 bits to represent one character or letter. To indicate the start of each character, the sending modem transmits a "start" bit to alert the receiving end to the incoming signal. After the final bit of the eighth character is transmitted, the sending modem transmits a "stop" bit to indicate the end of the character. This process is repeated for each character the modem transmits. Thus, the receiving modem must stay synchronized to the signal only for the length of time it takes to transmit 8 bits. If the sending and receiving clocks are slightly out of synchronization, these short data transfers will still be successful.
The SS7 ISUP protocol provides what services? (Choose two.)
Call control signaling to support ISDN multimedia services Protocols to connect calls over the PSTN
Which of the following is the unit of data transferred by an ATM network?
Cell
To resolve FQDNs to binary IP addresses, resolvers contact which type of TCP/IP application server?
DNS
When two tones are used to signal switching equipment it is called:
DTMF
Which layer of the OSI protocol stack handles frames?
Data Link
At which OSI layer do bridges operate?
Data Link Layer
At which OSI layer do switches reside?
Data Link Layer
In large networks, how do most routers get their routing tables?
Each router automatically builds and maintains its own routing table
What is the main advantage of star topology?
Ease of management
What voice issue is a normal occurrence on the PSTN and other voice networks, and occurs as a result of network delay and the two- to four-wire conversion process?
Echo
A Ping command uses which ICMP message types? (Choose two.)
Echo Request Echo Reply
A transmitter includes the following components:
Encoder that converts the input data signal into digital electrical pulses. Light source that converts the digital electrical signal to light pulses. Connector that couples the light source to the fiber through which the light rays travel.
A Class 5 office connects individual subscribers to the telephone network and is also referred to as:
End Office Central Office Local Office
Personal and equipment safety
Equipment grounding, electrical safety, and lightning and fire resistance.
Error (ERROR)
Error packets are sent in place of an ACK when a transmission error occurs, such as when a packet is lost. ERROR packets use an opcode=5.
Scenario: As you are connecting the office computers, you use one patch cord to connect each patch panel port to a hub port, and another patch cord to connect each work area port to a PC. You power up all the PCs and look at the hub port status indicators. All but one port shows green. What is the first troubleshooting step you should take?
Establish the symptoms
What is the first step in troubleshooting a network?
Establish the symptoms
The IEEE 802.3 standard defines which of the following?
Ethernet
Which of the following is the most popular LAN Data Link Layer technology?
Ethernet
Which of the following troubleshooting tools is not part of a standard TCP/IP implementation?
Event Viewer
File Access Attributes
Exclusive—The file cannot be shared. Write access denied—The file can only be read by others. No access denied—The file can be shared, and anyone can read and write to it.
A line that goes from a customer's site through a CO to a remote CO in another part of the country is known as a:
FX line
A bridge provides three important functions:
Forwarding—If the frame's destination address is on a different segment than its source, the bridge sends the frame only to the port connected to that segment. Filtering—If the incoming frame is destined for a device on the same physical port where the frame was generated, the bridge does not forward the frame out any other ports because all nodes on the originating segment have already received the frame. Learning—The bridge automatically builds and maintains its own bridge table, by noting the source MAC addresses of incoming frames. If a frame is addressed to a destination not yet recorded in the table, the bridge broadcasts the frame to all ports.
Which of the following is a connection-oriented packet-switched network service that works at the Data Link Layer?
Frame relay
Bandwidth on demand
Frame relay does not require that a link be up and dedicated at all times. Rather, it uses bandwidth only when there is data to be sent. Other, more traditional WAN transports, such as T1, use TDM, which requires dedicated bandwidth. Thus, a TDM service must be up and running even during times when the network is passing no data.
Fault tolerance
Frame relay switches can monitor network status and take corrective action when necessary, such as rerouting traffic into new virtual circuits. Typical private lines do not have this capability.
Bandwidth up to T1
Frame relay typically uses T1 as the Physical Layer service. (The switches are connected by T1 lines.) Therefore, a frame relay virtual circuit can provide bandwidth up to approximately 1.5 Mbps.
The Network Layer is to packets as the Data Link Layer is to:
Frames
What term describes the number of wave crests that pass a fixed point during a particular period of time?
Frequency
The H.323 component that provides such capabilities as billing, authentication, and accounting is a(n) _____.
Gatekeeper
What does I/O stand for?
Input / Output
A sound card is what general type of computer component?
Input/output
Which of the following, within the TCP/IP model layers, delivers packets to their destination across multiple networks, as does the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model Network Layer?
Internetwork Layer
What is a private, internal network that uses Internet applications, tools, and protocols?
Intranet
Which of the following is a Microsoft Windows utility that displays a computer's IP addressing and connectivity settings?
Ipconfig
Which Quality of Service (QoS) parameter is defined as a variable delay that is measured in a number of ways, such as a percentage of the maximum network delay (+/- 10 percent), or as a variation above or below the average network delay (+/- 10 ms of the average network delay over a period of time)?
Jitter
Which term describes the variability of delay a packet experiences as it travels between network devices?
Jitter
The device that provides multiple telephone extensions access to a group of single telephone lines is a:
Key system
Which of the following is managed by the OS?
Keyboard input Screen display File I/O Peripheral control
Which of the following are the two primary types of light sources in fiber optic cables?
Laser diode and LED
What does the service code 411 represent?
Local Directory Assistance
Which of the following is another name for a CO?
Local exchange
The physical connection that links an individual telephone to the telephone company CO switch is referred to as a:
Local loop
Which of the following best describes the copper cabling that connects many homes and businesses to the nearest CO?
Local loops
Analog signals on copper cable can be distorted by:
Magnetic fields Alternating current fields Radio waves
The OSI model Presentation Layer does which of the following?
Manages the way computers read information Encrypts and decrypts information Is concerned with the order of bytes and integers All of the above <-----
The Session Layer is concerned with which of the following?
Managing dialog Beginning dialog Ending dialog All of the above <---
MGCP is also known as what type of protocol?
Master/slave
Which of the following is most typical of a broadband network?
Multiple analog channels
Which of the following hardware devices builds a frame?
NIC
Which type of address is unique anywhere in the world?
NIC address
What happens when a router forwards data packets from one network to another network?
NOT THIS ONE - The router repeats the frame without changes onto the Ethernet network.
At which OSI layer do routers operate?
Network Layer
Which SS7 network component stores customer information in databases?
Signaling Control Point
According to the North American Numbering Plan (NANP), what does the "803" in 803-550-0000 represent?
Number Plan Area
When signaling takes place over a separate path than the path the analog voice signal takes it is referred to as:
Out-of-band signaling
Which of the following acronyms is defined as a forwarding behavior a node applies to a packet based on the packet's condition? The packet's Differentiated Services Code Points (DSCP) indicates the particular _____ a packet should receive as it passes from hop to hop.
PHB
Which QoS parameter might most concern us considering the Internet's "best effort" delivery nature?
Packet loss
Hubs and repeaters operate at which layer of the OSI model?
Physical Layer
Which of the following is not a layer of the TCP/IP protocol stack?
Physical Layer
Which MS-DOS command-line utility is the quickest and easiest way to evaluate whether a computer is up and running, and attached to a TCP/IP network?
Ping
Which of the following confirms connectivity between hosts?
Ping
Tracert uses which of the following commands and IP fields to carry out its operation?
Ping and TTL
Which protocol has a header of 5 bytes and a trailer of 3 bytes?
Point-to-Point Protocol
What components are common to all computer systems? (Check all that apply.)
Processor Memory Storage I/O
Which of the following is a function of hubs and repeaters?
Provide for cable extension Repeat digital signals Interconnect different cable types All of the above <---
Which of the following does a CO DACS provide?
Provides a semi-permanent path for voice and data signals
Zones maintain domain name information in which record types?
RRs
What are Subscriber Line Carrier (SLC) circuits used for?
Reduce the number of physical wire pairs
Which of the following are two types of domain names?
Relative name and fully qualified domain name (FQDN)
Which of the following will not occur at the Physical Layer?
Rerouting of information
Which of the following network topologies forms a closed loop?
Ring topology
Which of the following WAN services usually provides the highest bandwidth?
SONET
The digital network used to create the route a call will take is referred to as:
SS7
Encapsulation and protocol headers, decapsulation, and reassembly are three of the four basic techniques used whenever different layers of protocols work together. What is the fourth?
Segmentation
Scenario: You have finally identified the affected area and, as you proceed to the next step, you realize that since this is a new installation, there is no previous time that is known when everything worked. The installation itself is the only "change" and the third troubleshooting step. What step is next?
Select the most probable cause
The CS in CSMA/CD refers to the ability of an Ethernet node to do which of the following?
Sense an electrical signal
There are two major ways to limit noise and crosstalk in a cable design:
Shielding Cancellation
A NIC is a device used for:
Signaling
Which OSI model layers are concerned primarily with applications?
The top three
How a Call is Made
Signaling—The switch receives address signals from the caller, and sends alerting signals (ringing) to the destination. It exchanges call control and supervision commands with other switches, either as in-band tones or messages, or as out-of- band messages. Routing—The switch decides over which lines and trunks the calls should travel between endpoints. Switching—The switch cooperates with other switches to set up a circuit that connects a caller to a receiver.
Full-duplex
Signals may flow in both directions simultaneously. A telephone is the best example of full-duplex communication. One wire brings a signal from the telephone company to your home, and a second wire carries a separate signal from your home back to the telephone company. Thus, you can both hear and speak simultaneously.
Half-duplex
Signals may flow in either direction, but not simultaneously. For example, a two-way radio allows only one user to speak at any one time.
Which of the following requires a laser transmitter?
Single-mode fiber
Which of the following is defined as a set of device-to-device paths through the network such that there is one, and only one, path between any two devices?
Spanning Tree Protocol
Equipment installation
Spatial planning (installation in densely-populated equipment rooms, floor loading, and cable connectivity), high equipment room temperature and humidity conditions, tolerance to normal levels of particles and gas in the air, labeling visible in normal lighting conditions, resistance to shock and rough handling in transportation, and normal equipment room vibration levels.
An Ethernet LAN that uses UTP cabling and a hub as the physical medium is referred to as which of the following?
Star
What device is required to attach a non-ISDN device to an ISDN network?
Terminal adaptor (TA)
Which ITU-T H.323 packet multimedia standards component is used for real-time bi-directional multimedia communications, and can either be a PC or a stand-alone device running an H.323 protocol stack and the desired multimedia applications?
Terminals
In the IP address 128.18.72.24:80, what does the number 80 represent?
The TCP or UDP port number
Which best describes IP's use of the TTL value?
The TTL specifies the time a datagram is allowed to remain on the network.
Which layers are primarily concerned with moving raw data?
The lower four
If a network contains an active loop, what problem can occur?
The network becomes congested with duplicate frames
Two CPUs have the same size data bus. Which one will process data faster?
The one with a higher clock speed
How does DHCP pass configuration information to TCP/IP hosts?
The option codes
Coaxial Cabling Characteristics Noise Immunity
The shielding layer of coaxial cable provides good resistance to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI). The outer braided shield effectively conducts all outside electrical signals to the ground, protecting the signal on the inner conductor.
Data bus size
The size of the bus refers to the number of data bits a CPU can work on in a single instruction.
An Application Layer utility transmits network administration and control messages between nodes. It must not use any more of the network's bandwidth than absolutely necessary. If messages are corrupted or lost, the utility handles retransmission, so it doesn't need this service from the lower layers. This application should use the services of:
UDP
Which best describes the UDP demultiplexing process?
UDP uses port numbers to allow multiple applications to communicate simultaneously on the same host.
Coaxial Ethernet networks must obey the "5/4/3 rule:"
Up to five segments can be connected in a series between transmitter and receiver. Up to four signal-repeating devices (repeaters, hubs, bridges, or switches) may be used to connect segments. A maximum of only three segments can contain Ethernet nodes.
Which of the following is the primary difference between a public and private network?
Who owns and maintains the network
An Application Layer process needs to transmit data with as little overhead as possible. The application protocol provides error detection and recovery if the data is lost. What Transport Layer protocol should this process use?
User Datagram Protocol
Curiosity, malice, and toll fraud are a few types of security problems that this service is vulnerable to?
Voice mail
What is the most important troubleshooting question?
What has changed?
At what point does end-to-end delay in a voice conversation become unacceptable?
When it approaches 500 ms
M1L5 When is UTP cable preferred over STP?
When there is little electrical interference
Well-Known ports—0 through 1023
are reserved for the use of system processes and standard applications in the TCP/IP protocol suite. Well Known ports are assigned and managed by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).
Personal Area Networks (PAN)
are small and local. PANs connect by means of Bluetooth wireless and can connect phones, tablets, mice, keyboards, and more.
Dynamic ports (random ports, private ports)—49152 through 65535
are unregulated numbers that may be used by any application for any purpose.
Laser transmitters
are used for long-distance transmission over single-mode fiber. Laser light is more powerful because laser light waves are radiated in phase, which means the crests and troughs of all light waves are perfectly aligned with one another. This alignment or coherence creates a signal with much less attenuation and dispersion than incoherent light. Laser diodes can provide much higher bandwidth.
A permanent virtual circuit (PVC)
behaves like a dedicated connection between source and destination endpoints. A PVC will always follow the same physical path between two endpoints.
Local Area Networks (LAN)
can range from a few nodes in a home office, to several hundred nodes in a corporation. However, a LAN is typically confined to a single building.
Crossover cables
connect two NICs directly to each other.
Campus Area networks (CAN)
consist of LANs connected across multiple buildings, using transmission links owned by the company that owns the network.
A switched virtual circuit (SVC)
is analogous to a public switched telephone network (PSTN). The end devices establish a connection on demand, and disconnect when communications cease. Each SVC may travel a different physical path.
Peer-to-peer networking software
is included with most popular desktop OSs. Each individual user configures software settings to allow or disallow the sharing of that computer's resources by other users. There is no central authority that decides what users may have access to what resources.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
is part of the TCP/IP suite. UDP is a connectionless and very simple protocol without reliability.
Baseband signaling
is predominant in Ethernet networks.
Twisted pair
is the most common type of copper cable used in networks.
UTP
is the most popular LAN cabling because it is inexpensive, light, flexible, and easy to install.
Single-mode fiber
is thin and can carry only one light signal.
Multimode fiber
is wide enough to carry more than one light signal. (Each signal is called a "mode.")
Applications
software programs used to perform work
Light emitting diodes (LEDs)
use less power and are considerably less expensive than lasers. LEDs can be used with multimode cable, and are the most common light source. LEDs provide a bandwidth of approximately 250 megahertz (MHz).
Most LANs
use star bus topologies.
storage
used to describe media that hold data for longer periods, even when the power goes off.
Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX)
was Novell NetWare's Transport Layer protocol. It worked in conjunction with IPX.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
was developed for the Internet. TCP tracks messages and asks for retransmission of lost or corrupted packets.
