Project Management Ch 7

histogram

A _______ can be very helpful in determining staffing needs, identifying staffing problems, and identifying overallocation of work.

quality audit

A _______ is a structured review of specific quality management activities that helps identify lessons learned, which could improve performance on current or future projects.

Root

A(n) ____ cause is the real or underlying reason a problem occurs.

nonverbal

Body language is an example of _________ communications.

Shortlist

Buyers often develop a _______________of the top three to five suppliers to reduce the work involved in selecting a source.

project resource management

During _______, the main processes project managers perform include acquiring resources, developing the team, and managing the team.

Explicit knowledge

Examples of _______ include information found in text books and encyclopedias as well as project documents and plan.

Poor execution

Fortune magazine summarized research showing that the main reason CEOs failed was due to _______________.

Hygiene

Frederick Herzberg is best known for distinguishing between motivational factors and ____________________ factors when considering motivation in work settings.

12

If a project team goes from three people to six, how many more communications channels are there?

15

If a project team has six people, how many to a communications channels are there?

motivation, influence, and effectiveness

Key concepts related to dealing with people in a work setting include _______.

a quality report, test and evaluation documents, change requests, project management plan updates, and project documents updates

Key outputs of managing quality

lean

Many organizations use _______, a system based on the Toyota Production System to help improve results and efficiency by eliminating waste and reducing idle time and non-value added activities.

its deliverables

Most project sponsors would say that the most important output of any project is _______________.

n(n-1)/2

Number of communication channels is calculated by

institutional, or social, power

People who need _______ want to organize others to further the goals of the organization.

Achievement

People with a high need for ______ need regular feedback and often prefer to work alone or with other people like them.

affiliation (nAff)

People with a high need for _______ desire harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by others.

affiliation

People with a high need for _______ tend to conform to the norms of their work group and prefer work that involves significant personal interaction.

availability and overallocation

Problems that often occur when assigning resources are _______.

groupthink

Project team members might become stagnant or develop ______—conformance to the values or ethical standards of a group—if there are no conflicting viewpoints on various aspects of a project.

Drivers, Expressives, Analyticals, Amiables

Psychologist David Merril categorizes four approximate behavioral profiles, or zones, as _______.

task-related, Emotional

Research suggests that _______ conflict, which is derived from differences over team objectives and how to achieve them, often improves team performance. _______ conflict, however, which stems from personality clashes and misunderstandings, often depresses team performance.

management by wandering around

Some project managers like to assess team performance by using a technique known as MBWA, which stands for _______________.

Independent

Stephen Covey's first three habits of effective people—be proactive, begin with the end in mind, and put first things first—help people achieve a private victory by becoming ____.

True

T/F According to Stephen Covey, when you practice sharpening the saw, you take time to renew yourself physically, spiritually, mentally, and socially.

True

T/F David McClelland proposed that an individual's specific needs are acquired or learned over time and shaped by life experiences.

True

T/F In General, the majority of a project's time and budget is spent on project execution.

False

T/F In face to face interaction, 58% of communication is through the content or words that are spoken.

False

T/F Intrinsic motivation causes people to do something for a reward or to avoid a penalty.

False

T/F It is not possible for project managers to observe and discuss the work of virtual workers.

True

T/F Kanban boards help project teams visualize and improve their workflow.

True

T/F Nonverbal communications, such as a person's tone of voice and body language, are often more important than the words being used.

True

T/F Projects are more likely to succeed when project managers focus on work challenge and expertise to influence people.

True

T/F Tacit knowledge is difficult to express and highly personal, such as beliefs, insight, and experience.

False

T/F The confrontation mode of conflict management should be used when a conflict is low in both task and relationship importance.

False

T/F The knowledge areas of scope, schedule, cost, and risk management have processes directly related to project execution.

False

T/F The main executing outputs for project quality management are deliverables.

True

T/F The mirroring technique can be used to help establish rapport.

True

T/F The products of a project are produced during project execution.

False

T/F The second stage of team development, storming, refers to team members brainstorming together.

nine

Thamhain and D. L. Wilemon identified _______ influence bases available to project managers:

authority, money, or penalty

Thamhain and Wilemon found that projects were more likely to fail when project managers relied too heavily on using _______ to influence people.

five

The Tuckman model describes _______ stages of team development.

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

The _______ is a tool to measure the individual needs of different people using McClelland's categories.

forcing mode

The ________ can be viewed as the win-lose approach to conflict resolution.

Extrovert/Introvert, Sensation/Intuition, Thinking/Feeling, Judgment/Perception

The four dimensions of psychological type in the MBTI

achievement, affiliation, and power

The main categories of acquired needs include _______.

Executing

The majority of her projects time and budget is spent on _________.

implement risk responses

The process to _______ is performed during project execution.

16

There are ____ MBTI categories based on combinations of the four dimensions of psychological type.

forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning

Tuckerman's stages of team development

collaborating mode

Using the _______, decision makers incorporate different viewpoints and insights to develop consensus and commitment.

Problem-solve

What is another name for the conflict handling mode called confrontation?

Problem-solve

What is another name for the conflict-handling mode called confrontation?

Milestone report

What report is often used to summarize work performance data during execution?

Cause-and-effect diagram

What type of diagram, also called a fishbone or Ishikawa diagram, helps find the root cause of a quality problem?

During planning

When should a process for handling change requests be defining for a project?

smoothing mode

When using the ________, the project manager deemphasizes or avoids areas of differences and emphasizes areas of agreement.

Withdrawal mode

When using the _________, project managers retreat from an actual or potential disagreement.

Compromise/reconcile

Which approach works best when both the task and the relationship are of medium importance?

Establish regular, effective meetings

Which of the following actions will most likely improve team production? - Set the highest performance level from the start - Establish regular, effective meetings - Assign fault to the person who caused the problem - Chastise team members for being lazy and careless

Acknowledge individual and group accomplishments.

Which of the following actions will most likely improve team productivity? - Expand the size of work teams to over seven members. - Ensure that social events are mandatory and include a business-related goal. - Acknowledge individual and group accomplishments. - Reduce the amount of attention paid to virtual team members.

Confrontation/problem solving

Which of the following conflict handling modes do successful project managers use most often?

Communities of practice & books

Which of the following is not an example of tacit knowledge? - Books - Mentorships - Workshops - Communities of practice

Validate scope

Which of the following is not an executing process? - validate scope - ​manage project knowledge - acquire resources ​ - implement risk responses

Money

Which of the following is not considered to be a motivator according to Daniel Pink? - Autonomy - Mastery - Purpose - Money

Most people today prefer managers who follow Theory X versus Theory Y.

Which of the following statements is false? - The highest need in Maslow's pyramid is called self-actualization. - Most people today prefer managers who follow Theory X versus Theory Y. - Herzberg distinguished between motivating and hygiene factors. - Projects are more likely to succeed when project managers influence team members by using work challenge and expertise.

Compromise/reconcile

With _______, project managers use a give-and-take approach to resolve conflicts, bargaining and searching for solutions that will bring some degree of satisfaction to all the parties in a dispute.

Benchmarking

You get tested at a gym to see how your physical fitness compares to others your age. This is an example of ______.

Force/direct

______ is appropriate when the task is of high importance and the relationship is of low importance.

Smooth/accomodate

______ is best used when the relationship is of high importance and the task is of low importance.

Quality assurance

_______ addresses the following question: Are we doing what we said we would do, when we said we would do it, and in the way we said we would do it?

Resource leveling

_______ aims to minimize period-by-period variations in resource loading by shifting tasks within their slack or float allowances.

Explicit knowledge

_______ can be easily explained using words, pictures, or numbers and is easy to communicate, store, and distribute.

Collaborating mode

_______ can be effective when both the task and relationship are of high importance.

Intrinsic motivation

_______ causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment.

Resource loading

_______ helps project managers develop a general understanding of the demands a project will make on the organization's resources (physical and human), as well as on individual people's schedules.

Process analysis

_______ involves analyzing how a process operates and determining improvements.

Adjourning

_______ involves the breakup of the team after they successfully reach their goals and complete the work.

Forming

_______ involves the introduction of team members, either at the initiation of the team or as new members are introduced.

Rapport

_______ is a relationship of harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity.

Norming

_______ is achieved when team members have developed a common working method, and cooperation and collaboration replace the conflict and mistrust of the previous phase.

Confrontation/Problem-Solve

_______ is best used when both the task and the relationship are of high importance.

Synergy

_______ is the concept that the whole is equal to more than the sum of its parts.

Withdraw/avoid

_______ is the least desirable conflict-handling mode.

Withdraw/avoid

_______ may be appropriate when both the task and the relationship are of low importance.

Confrontation

_______ mode focuses on a win-win problem-solving approach, in which all parties work together to find the best way to solve the conflict.

Storming

_______ occurs as team members have different opinions as to how the team should operate.

Performing

_______ occurs when the emphasis shifts to reaching the team goals rather than working on team process. Relationships are settled, and team members are likely to build loyalty toward each other.

Self-actualized

_______ people are problem-focused, have an appreciation for life, are concerned about personal growth, and can have peak experiences.

Resource loading

_______ refers to the number of individual resources an existing schedule requires during specific time periods.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

_______ states that people's behaviors are guided or motivated by a sequence of needs.

Kanban

_______________ can assist in ensuring and improving quality by improving work flow.

Quality assurance

_______________ includes all of the activities related to satisfying the relevant quality standards for a project.

Empathic

____________________ listening is listening with the intent to understand by putting yourself in the shoes of the other person.