Project management chapter 12
Quality audit
A key tool used in quality insurance. Quality audits enable us to review the project to evaluate which activities taking place in the project should be improved and which meets the quality standards. Quality audits have dual objectives and improving acceptance of the product, identifying areas of improvement, and improving the overall cost of quality
Process analysis
A step-by-step breakdown of the phases of a process, used to determine the inputs, outputs, and operations that take place during each phase. A process analysis can be used to improve understanding of how the process operates, and to determine potential targets for process improvement through eliminating waste and increasing efficiency
Process improvement plan
A subsidiary plan of the project management plan. It documents the steps for analyzing processes with the purpose of improvement. He considers process boundaries, price is configuration, process metrics, and targets for improved performance
What is NOT one of the items that needs to be incorporated in the plan before a baseline is created with MS Project?
All approved change requests incorporated
What serves as a pre-condition that must be met in order for a project kick-off meeting to be successful?
An atmosphere of trust and relationship building should be set by all.
Once the project management plan is complete and accepted by the stakeholders, the approved plan is __________.
Baselined
The ________ project management plan is the official, completed project management plan that has been accepted by stakeholders.
Baselined
Cost of quality is a sum of the cost of _____ of quality and cost of _______ of quality.
Conformance, non-conformance
Examples of _____________ activities include inspection, deliverable peer reviews and the testing process.
Control quality
What cycle is the basis for Six Sigma quality planning and improvement?
DMAIC
Information
Data that is (one) accurate and timely, (two) specific and organized for a purpose, (three) presented within a context that gives meaning and relevance, (four) can lead to an increase in understanding and decrease in uncertainty
Quality management plan
Define the exact level of quality, which is typically defined by the customer, and describes how the project will ensure this level of quality and it's deliverables and work processes
Who came up with the four-part Profound Knowledge System?
Deming
Joseph Juran provided guidance regarding how to conduct quality planning, quality control, and quality improvement. What are parts of Juran's Quality Trilogy?
Determine what to control, establish measurement systems, establish standards and compare performance to standards. Identify all customers and their needs, develop requirements, and develop methods to satisfy those requirements. Select and support improvement projects, select and implement solutions, and maintain control of improved processes.
The goal of ___________ is to have capable and willing workers at every level and every function within a company.
Empowered Performance
Perform quality assurance
Executing process that is primarily concerned with overall process improvements to ensure that each time a deliverable is produced is error free
(T/F) A high level view of processes and stakeholders, that starts with suppliers and ends with customers, is sometimes referred to as a "Plan-Do-Check-Act" (PDCA) model.
F
(T/F) If necessary, the quality policy on a specific project may violate either the quality policies of the parent organization or of a major customer.
F
Process
Hey sequence of linked activities that is intended to achieve some result, such as producing a good or service for a customer
Stakeholder satisfaction
Identifying all stakeholders and understanding the stakeholders ultimate quality goals using a structured process to determine relevant quality standards
Quality metrics
Immeasurement used to insure customers receive acceptable products or deliverables
Data
Information in a row or unorganized form that referred to, or represent, conditions, ideas, or objectives
What statements accurately describe special cause variation?
It requires specific interventions that include finding the root causes and making changes. It is a statistically unlikely event. It is identified by points outside the control limits or by unusual patterns within the limits.
After completing detailed planning for a project, it is often helpful for the project manager and team to apply a sanity test to the project plan. What accurately describes the application of a sanity test?
It should include questions to ensure budgets, schedules and resource plans are reasonable and achievable.
Preventitive actions
Keeping errors out of a process while inspection is trying to find errors after they occur to correct these areas before they reach the customer
What is NOT part of a configuration management system?
Maintenance and calibration
In the agile community, the concept of __________ has emerged to indicate the least amount of value that could be perceived by the customer.
Minimum Viable Product (MVP)
According to the PMBOK®, what is not a quality management process?
Monitor Quality
__________ is a step-by-step breakdown of the phases of a process, used to determine the inputs, outputs and operations that take place during each phase.
Process analysis
Configuration management system
Process for identifying and uniquely naming items that need to be controlled, activity of managing the project deliverables and documentation recording and reporting all changes and verifying the correctness of all deliverables and components of them
Plan quality management
Process of identifying quality requirements and/or standards for the project and is deliverables, and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance
Manage quality
Process of using the quality plan and policy to perform task that will most likely lead to creating project outputs to customers satisfaction
With respect to the evolution of terms in quality policies between 2013 and 2017, what has actually decreased in usage?
Product
What is not an element of costs of non-conformance?
Product design validation
Quality audits sometimes result in changes. _________ are changes that are proactive in nature, based on a variance and trend analysis, and are taken to ensure future performance is acceptable.
Quality audits sometimes result in changes. _________ are changes that are proactive in nature, based on a variance and trend analysis, and are taken to ensure future performance is acceptable.
The _________ reflects the agreed upon quality objectives, and it can include metrics that define exactly what will be measured, how each will be measured, and the target value of each.
Quality baseline
During quality management planning, the project manager and team determine what will be measured during the Control Quality process. Project or product attributes such as on-time performance, defect frequency, and costs vs. budget are known as ________.
Quality metrics
Corrective actions
Reactive approach of making a change to fix a problem that has occurred
An important input to the Plan Quality Management process is requirements documentation. This is because:
Requirements documentation captures the stakeholder expectations that the project should meet.
DMAIC is a disciplined process that includes five phases: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control. DMAIC is most typically associated with what quality improvement approaches?
Six Sigma
__________ uses a disciplined process called define, measure, analyze, improve, control (DMAIC) process to plan and manage improvement projects.
Six Sigma
Cost of quality
Some of the cost of conformance of quality and caused of nonconformance of quality
Defect repair
Steps taken when the product or deliverable does not me the documented quality requirements
What items are among the key areas covered by the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award?
Strategic planning Leadership Customer focus
The first part of understanding a project is to demonstrate that all work flows from suppliers, through the project, to customers. This can be illustrated with a ___________ model.
Supplier-Input-Process-Output-Customer (SIPOC)
What is not a component of a work flow diagram called the SIPOC model?
Support
(T/F) Crosby, a well known quality management thought leader, asserts that quality is meeting requirements, not exceeding them.
T
(T/F) DMAIC is typically used as a method of implementing continuous improvement and can thus be practiced repeatedly.
T
(T/F) Just as total quality dramatically changed general management in the 1990s, agile is dramatically changing project management in the 2010s.
T
(T/F) Process Analysis is a step-by-step breakdown of the phases of a process, used to determine the inputs, outputs, and operations that take place during each phase.
T
(T/F) Stakeholder satisfaction consists of identifying all stakeholders and understanding the stakeholders' ultimate quality goals using a structured process to determine relevant quality standards.
T
(T/F) The formality of a kick-off meeting can vary considerably depending on the size and type of project.
T
(T/F) The purpose of process control is to be able to have confidence that outputs are predictable.
T
(T/F) The quality management plan defines the acceptable level of quality, which is typically defined by the customer, and describes how the project will ensure this level of quality in its deliverables and work processes.
T
Control quality
The activities used to verify that deliverables are of acceptable quality and that they are complete and correct. Examples of Quality Control activities include inspection, deliverable peer reviews, and the testing process
Control
The activity of ensuring conformance to the requirements and taking corrective action when necessary to correct problems and maintain stable performance
Project quality
The characteristics of a product or service that they are on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs
The PMBOK® Guide defines quality as:
The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements.
Four aspects of fact-based management
Understanding variation, deciding what to measure, working correctly with data, and using the resulting information appropriately
One of the most influential thought leaders in quality was ____________, whose ideas are summarized in his four-part Profound Knowledge System.
W. Edwards Deming
While in project initiation the primary deliverable is created, and it is further refined during project planning. Towards the end of planning the team needs to take a step back to see if all of these elements work together by applying a "sanity test." A sanity test should not answer what?
What stage of team development is the project team in?
Normal or random variations that are considered part of operating the system at its current capability are ______:
common cause variations.
The decision process for developing relevant quality standards on a project includes what activities?
identify all stakeholders make tradeoff decisions understand the prioritized stakeholders' requirements
What documents describes how the project team will implement the performing organization's quality policy?
quality management plan
Preventive action ____________.
seeks to ensure the future performance of the project work is aligned with the project management plan
The four contemporary core project quality concepts that evolved from the quality gurus and frameworks include what?
stakeholder satisfaction
What is part of a Configuration Management System?
verifying the correctness of all deliverables and components of them process for identifying and uniquely naming items that need to be controlled recording and reporting all changes
