Properties of Matter Study Guide

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tensile strength

a measure of how much pulling, or tension, a material can withstand before breaking

a block of steel does not displace enough water to keep it afloat, but a ship is mostly air between its sides

a steel block and a steel boat have the same density. the block sinks while the boat floats. why?

the buoyant force is greater than its weight

an object floats if

Archimedes' Principle

an object in a fluid will float when the weight of the displaced fluid equals the weight of the object

fluid

any matter that is able to flow

mass, volume

density is a property that describes the relationship between ______ and ______

decrease

density of solids ______ as temperature increases

no

do liquid and solid silver have the same density?

yes

do liquid and solid silver have the same mass?

no

do liquid and solid silver have the same volume?

higher temperature, higher viscosity

how does temperature affect viscosity of gases?

higher temperature, lower viscosity

how does temperature affect viscosity of liquids?

between a & b

liquid a: 2.43 g/mL liquid b: 1 g/mL liquid c: 0.87 g/mL an object with a density of 1.75 g/mL is dropped into the density column, where will it end up?

a, b, c

liquid a: 2.43 g/mL liquid b: 1 g/mL liquid c: 0.87 g/mL how will these liquids stack top to bottom in a graduated cylinder?

between b & c

liquid a: 2.43 g/mL liquid b: 1 g/mL liquid c: 0.87 g/mL where would a pice of ice end up?

malleability

measure's a solid's ability to be pounded into thin sheets

brittleness

measures a material's tendency to shatter upon impact

hardness

measures a solid's resistance to scratching

viscosity

measures the materials resistance to flow

buoyancy

measures the upward force a fluid exerts on an object, which is created by the pressure differences

ketchup, fudge, oil

name 3 fluids with high viscosity

water, tomato juice, olive oil

name 3 fluids with low viscosity

density, buoyancy, viscosity

name 3 important properties of fluids

the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the object

neutral buoyancy occurs when

elasticity

the measure of a solid's ability to be stretched and then return to its original size

diamond

what is the hardest natural substance on earth?

water because they have more space between the molecules

which has greater density, water or ice? explain why

bungee cord

which has more tensile strength? bungee cord or extension cord

tennis racquet

which has more tensile strength? tennis racquet or baseball bat

diamond

which is harder? diamond or glass

marble

which is harder? soap or marble

ceramic mug

which is more brittle? ceramic mug or plastic water bottle

glass

which is more brittle? glass or rubber

rubber band

which is more elastic? rubber band or saltwater taffy

rubber

which is more elastic? rubber or wood

aluminum

which is more malleable? aluminum or galss

cookie dough

which is more malleable? cookie dough or lifesavers

if the molecules are large and bumpy, friction will occur

why are some liquids more viscous than others?


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