Properties of Matter Study Guide
tensile strength
a measure of how much pulling, or tension, a material can withstand before breaking
a block of steel does not displace enough water to keep it afloat, but a ship is mostly air between its sides
a steel block and a steel boat have the same density. the block sinks while the boat floats. why?
the buoyant force is greater than its weight
an object floats if
Archimedes' Principle
an object in a fluid will float when the weight of the displaced fluid equals the weight of the object
fluid
any matter that is able to flow
mass, volume
density is a property that describes the relationship between ______ and ______
decrease
density of solids ______ as temperature increases
no
do liquid and solid silver have the same density?
yes
do liquid and solid silver have the same mass?
no
do liquid and solid silver have the same volume?
higher temperature, higher viscosity
how does temperature affect viscosity of gases?
higher temperature, lower viscosity
how does temperature affect viscosity of liquids?
between a & b
liquid a: 2.43 g/mL liquid b: 1 g/mL liquid c: 0.87 g/mL an object with a density of 1.75 g/mL is dropped into the density column, where will it end up?
a, b, c
liquid a: 2.43 g/mL liquid b: 1 g/mL liquid c: 0.87 g/mL how will these liquids stack top to bottom in a graduated cylinder?
between b & c
liquid a: 2.43 g/mL liquid b: 1 g/mL liquid c: 0.87 g/mL where would a pice of ice end up?
malleability
measure's a solid's ability to be pounded into thin sheets
brittleness
measures a material's tendency to shatter upon impact
hardness
measures a solid's resistance to scratching
viscosity
measures the materials resistance to flow
buoyancy
measures the upward force a fluid exerts on an object, which is created by the pressure differences
ketchup, fudge, oil
name 3 fluids with high viscosity
water, tomato juice, olive oil
name 3 fluids with low viscosity
density, buoyancy, viscosity
name 3 important properties of fluids
the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the object
neutral buoyancy occurs when
elasticity
the measure of a solid's ability to be stretched and then return to its original size
diamond
what is the hardest natural substance on earth?
water because they have more space between the molecules
which has greater density, water or ice? explain why
bungee cord
which has more tensile strength? bungee cord or extension cord
tennis racquet
which has more tensile strength? tennis racquet or baseball bat
diamond
which is harder? diamond or glass
marble
which is harder? soap or marble
ceramic mug
which is more brittle? ceramic mug or plastic water bottle
glass
which is more brittle? glass or rubber
rubber band
which is more elastic? rubber band or saltwater taffy
rubber
which is more elastic? rubber or wood
aluminum
which is more malleable? aluminum or galss
cookie dough
which is more malleable? cookie dough or lifesavers
if the molecules are large and bumpy, friction will occur
why are some liquids more viscous than others?