prosocial behavior
heroism
actions that involve courageous risk taking to obtain a socially valued goal; men are more likely
altruism
behavior that is motivated by an unselfish concern for the welfare of others
empathy
being able to feel the other person's emotional state, feeling sympathetic, attempting to solve the problem and taking the perspective of others
liviu librseu
born in 1930 to a jewish family in romania family went to labor camp, to the ghetto but he survived he studied in a university in romania but because of the communist party was forced to leave romania and came to the us he winded up at virginia tech— shooting while he was a professor managed to hold door shut while shooter was trying to get in and had the class climb out the window, saved all students but one. he was shot while holding the door and he was killed
social exchange
costs and benefits of helping; what the person can give you/will you see this person again
implicit bystander effect
decrease n helping behavior brought about by simply thinking about being in a group
prosocial behavior
helpful action that benefits others
social overload
idea that everybody has an ideal amount of social interaction that they want, once overwhelmed people start to avoid eye contact, don't smile when they make eye contact to discourage social interaction
reciprocity
if someone will help you, you help them; help someone to make it likely they will help you later
volunteerism motives
intrinsic motivation, religious faith increases in the long term
evolution
kin selection, reciprocity
bystander effect
likelihood of a prosocial response is affected by the number of bystanders; darley and latane say its because of diffusion of responsibility; pluralistic ignorance
kitty genovese
lived in new york, on way home from new york in the 60s was attacked by a guy who stabbed her and she yelled for help. was attacked by 45 minutes, there were up to 38 witnesses- the most help she got was someone yelled "leave that girl alone" the attacked left temporarily but came back to attack her again, she died on the way to the hospital
moral hypocrisy
motivation to appear moral while doing one's best to avoid the costs involved in actually being moral; help in the cheapest or least time consuming way
moral integrity
motivation to be moral and engage in moral behavior
self interest
motivation to engage in whatever behavior provides the greatest satisfaction for oneself
kin selection
natural selection involves behaviors that benefit other individuals with whom we share genes, based on genetic relationship
urban overload hypothesis
people living in cities are constantly bombarded with stimulation and they keep to themselves to avoid being overwhelmed; people in cities are overwhelmed with stimuli, to avoid it they focus internally and don't notice situations
negative state relief
prosocial behavior is motivated by the bystanders desire to reduce their own uncomfortable emotions
empathetic joy
prosocial behavior is motivated by the positive emotion a helper anticipated as a result of having a beneficial impact on the life of someone in need; help in order to get the positive feelings from helping
altruistic personality
set of characteristics that make people more likely to behave pro socially; empathy, belief in a just world, acceptance of social responsibility, internal locus of control, not being egocentric
darley and latane
studied the bystander affect; people aren't aware of the influence of the presence of others; had participants give a speech across campus, gave them either a short amount of time to get there or reasonable amount of time (either in a rush or not) the buidig they had to get to a person was injured in doorway the people in a rush were less likely to help, self emergency experiment with smoke
diffusion and responsibility
the amount of responsibility assumed by bystanders is shared among them
empathy-altruism
when we feel empathy for a person we will help regardless of what we will gain