Protein Synthesis

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Uracil

a nitrogen-containing base found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine

polypeptide

another name of a protein.

amino acids

building blocks of proteins

RNA polymerase

enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template

anticodon

group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon

polypeptide chain

long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Nucleotide

monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

ribosome

organelle where amino acids are bonded together to form proteins

Anti-parallel

parallel but moving or oriented in opposite directions.

gene expression

process by which a gene produces its product and the product carries out its function

transcription

process by which a section of DNA is used to produce a single-stranded RNA molecule

Gene

sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

Deoxyribose

sugar in DNA

Ribose

sugar in RNA

If I have a T on the DNA strand what do I transcribe it to...

A

Heredity

Passing of traits from parents to offspring

DNA

A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.

Helicase

An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.

the nucleus

Where in a eukaryotic cell does the process in this diagram take place?

peptide bond

Bonds that connect amino acids.

If I have a G on the DNA strand what do I transcribe it to...

C

mRNA

Carries the genetic code for a protein from the nucleus to the ribosomes where the proteins are assembled.

Rosalind Franklin

Woman who generated x-ray images of DNA, she povided Watson and Crick with key data about DNA

nucleic acids

DNA and RNA

Chargoff's Rule

A=T and G=C

Watson and Crick

Developed the double helix model of DNA.

If I have a C on the DNA strand what do I transcribe it to...

G

complementary base pairing

In DNA, T pairs with A; G pairs with C; RNA, U pairs with A and G pairs with C

the cytoplasm at a ribosome

In what part of the cell does the process in this diagram take place?

double helix

Shape of DNA

transcription

The first stage of protein synthesis where the information on a section of DNA (a gene) is copied by making a mRNA molecule from the DNA.

translation

The second part of protein synthesis. The mRNA code is used to synthesize a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm

If I have an A on the DNA strand what do I transcribe it to...

U

DNA

What is A?

Nuclear Membrane

What is A?

anticodon

What is A?

codon

What is A?

mRNA

What is A?

nuclear pore

What is A?

ribosome

What is A?

tRNA

What is A?

anticodon

What is A? A three base sequence on a tRNA molecule that is complimentary to a codon on an mRNA.

codon

What is A? A three base sequence on an mRNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid

tRNA

What is A? Brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome to be added to the growing amino acid chain.

DNA

What is A? Double stranded molecule that contains genes and is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

ribosome

What is A? The site of protein synthesis. Where a specific amino acid sequence is assembled based on a mRNA code

Amino Acid chain or protein or polypeptide

What is B?

mRNA

What is C? It takes the information in a gene from the nucleus to a ribosome in the cytoplasm.

transcription

What is taking place in A?

translation

What is taking place in A?

Protein Synthesis

What process is shown in this diagram?

transcription

What process is taking place in this diagram

protein synthesis

What process is taking place in this diagram?

transcription

What process is taking place in this diagram?

translation

What process is taking place in this diagram?

protein synthesis

the formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA

the nucleus

the place where transcription takes place

ribosome in the cytoplasm

the place where translation takes place

translation

the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm

codon

three-base sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid

Transfer RNA

type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

tRNA

type of RNA that carries each amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis

Ribosomal RNA

type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes


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