Protein Synthesis
Uracil
a nitrogen-containing base found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine
polypeptide
another name of a protein.
amino acids
building blocks of proteins
RNA polymerase
enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template
anticodon
group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon
polypeptide chain
long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
Nucleotide
monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
ribosome
organelle where amino acids are bonded together to form proteins
Anti-parallel
parallel but moving or oriented in opposite directions.
gene expression
process by which a gene produces its product and the product carries out its function
transcription
process by which a section of DNA is used to produce a single-stranded RNA molecule
Gene
sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
Deoxyribose
sugar in DNA
Ribose
sugar in RNA
If I have a T on the DNA strand what do I transcribe it to...
A
Heredity
Passing of traits from parents to offspring
DNA
A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.
Helicase
An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.
the nucleus
Where in a eukaryotic cell does the process in this diagram take place?
peptide bond
Bonds that connect amino acids.
If I have a G on the DNA strand what do I transcribe it to...
C
mRNA
Carries the genetic code for a protein from the nucleus to the ribosomes where the proteins are assembled.
Rosalind Franklin
Woman who generated x-ray images of DNA, she povided Watson and Crick with key data about DNA
nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
Chargoff's Rule
A=T and G=C
Watson and Crick
Developed the double helix model of DNA.
If I have a C on the DNA strand what do I transcribe it to...
G
complementary base pairing
In DNA, T pairs with A; G pairs with C; RNA, U pairs with A and G pairs with C
the cytoplasm at a ribosome
In what part of the cell does the process in this diagram take place?
double helix
Shape of DNA
transcription
The first stage of protein synthesis where the information on a section of DNA (a gene) is copied by making a mRNA molecule from the DNA.
translation
The second part of protein synthesis. The mRNA code is used to synthesize a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
If I have an A on the DNA strand what do I transcribe it to...
U
DNA
What is A?
Nuclear Membrane
What is A?
anticodon
What is A?
codon
What is A?
mRNA
What is A?
nuclear pore
What is A?
ribosome
What is A?
tRNA
What is A?
anticodon
What is A? A three base sequence on a tRNA molecule that is complimentary to a codon on an mRNA.
codon
What is A? A three base sequence on an mRNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid
tRNA
What is A? Brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome to be added to the growing amino acid chain.
DNA
What is A? Double stranded molecule that contains genes and is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
ribosome
What is A? The site of protein synthesis. Where a specific amino acid sequence is assembled based on a mRNA code
Amino Acid chain or protein or polypeptide
What is B?
mRNA
What is C? It takes the information in a gene from the nucleus to a ribosome in the cytoplasm.
transcription
What is taking place in A?
translation
What is taking place in A?
Protein Synthesis
What process is shown in this diagram?
transcription
What process is taking place in this diagram
protein synthesis
What process is taking place in this diagram?
transcription
What process is taking place in this diagram?
translation
What process is taking place in this diagram?
protein synthesis
the formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA
the nucleus
the place where transcription takes place
ribosome in the cytoplasm
the place where translation takes place
translation
the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
codon
three-base sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
Transfer RNA
type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
tRNA
type of RNA that carries each amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis
Ribosomal RNA
type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes
