PSC 1Y - Prof Luck - Final Unit 5 Lecture Review Questions
Match the name of the therapeutic approach with its description. Cognitive restructuring, Interpersonal therapy, Cognitive behavior therapy, and Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
Cognitive restructuring: Attempts to change how the client perceives and interprets events to avoid negative bias. Interpersonal therapy: Helps the person understand their relationships and teaches interpersonal skills. Cognitive behavior therapy: Combines cognitive and behavioral therapies. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy:Involves focusing your attention on a single thought or experience for an extended period of time.
For the treatment of psychological disorders, which of the following are major disadvantages of drug therapies relative to psychological therapies? [Select all that are correct.]
Drug therapies may impact the body and not just the brain. Drug therapies are typically effective only while the patient is taking the medication. Drug therapies often have significant side effects.
When possible, studies of psychological therapies use active control conditions rather than no-treatment control conditions. This is because active control conditions are designed to:
Equate the expectations of the participants in the treatment group and the control group.
Allostasis reflects the body's ability to:
Flexibly adapt to changing environmental demands
Unit 5:
Health Psychology and Psychological Disorders
The field of health psychology focuses on:
How attitudes, behaviors, and social factors affect health
Why is it important to rigorously test the effectiveness of psychological therapies? [Select all that are correct.]
If a therapy is ineffective, people who use it may lose the opportunity to try an effective therapy (an opportunity cost). Some psychological therapies can actually make people worse.
Why do randomized controlled trials randomly assign patients to the different interventions rather than letting the patients choose which intervention they prefer?
If the patients chose the intervention, there might be preexisting differences between the groups, making it impossible to know if the interventions caused any observed differences in outcome.
Which of the following statements are true of biological explanations for the etiology and symptoms of psychological disorders?
In many cases, there are large differences in brain structure and function between people with a given disorder and healthy control participants. One's total set of genes strongly predicts whether one will experience a given psychological disorder
Match the type of medication to its mechanism. Monoamine oxidase inhibitor, Trycyclic antidepressant, Specific serotonin repute inhibitor, First-generation antipsychotic, and Benzodiazepines
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor: Reduces the breakdown of transmitter molecules. Trycyclic antidepressant: Reduces reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine. Specific serotonin repute inhibitor: Reduces reuptake of serotonin but not other transmitters. First-generation antipsychotic: Prevents binding of dopamine to dopamine receptors. Benzodiazepines: Potentiates the activity of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA.
The case of "Joey" is fairly typical of the development of schizophrenia. People who later develop schizophrenia often exhibit [ Select ] and [ Select ] in early childhood, and they often exhibit [ Select ] prior to meeting the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia. The most common age of schizophrenia onset is [ Select ] .
Neuromotor abnormalities. Impaired social engagement. Suspiciousness and paranoia. In early adulthood.
The most significant problem with current medication-based treatments for schizophrenia is:
Patients often stop taking the medications and then have a relapse
According to the study discussed in lecture, poverty during childhood may lead to:
Poor health outcomes during adulthood by increasing allostatic load
What are the two main mechanisms by which neurotransmitters are cleared out of the synaptic cleft? [Select the two correct answers.]
Reuptake (the transmitters are taken back up into the axon terminals for re-use). Breakdown (the transmitters are broken down into smaller molecules by means of enzymes).
Which of the following best predicts long-term outcome (e.g., employment) in people with schizophrenia?
The degree to which basic cognitive processes are impaired
If the Rosenhan (1973) study were repeated today, it is unlikely that the pseudopatients would be diagnosed with schizophrenia or hospitalized for a long period. What are three major factors that are responsible for this change? [Select 3 of the following options.]
The diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia have changed dramatically since 1973. The system is now designed to minimize long-term hospitalization. Antipsychotic medications are now available that are effective in at least 70% of patients.
It's not a good idea to try to diagnose psychological disorders in yourself and others. However, you should become concerned and seek professional help if:
The problem leads to significant distress that lasts for a couple weeks and interferes with normal activities
When possible, studies of both drug treatments and psychological therapies use blind ratings of symptoms as outcome measures. Why?
To avoid unconscious biases on the part of the raters that might influence their ratings.
Which of the following have been shown to be effective treatments for depression?
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). Electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Psychological therapies such as cognitive behavior therapy
Applied behavior analysis is an example of [Select] , and it based on laboratory studies of [Select].
behavioral therapy. operant conditioning.
In obsessive-compulsive disorder, obsessions are:
recurring, intrusive thoughts
The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Initiative is used to classify psychological disorders for [ Select ] and characterizes a given individual according to a set of [Select].
research purposes only. continuous dimensions (domains).