PSIO 107 Exam 1- Hardy WVU
epidermis
1st multilayered layer
molecule
2 or more atoms chemically bonded; same atoms or different atoms
homeostasis
ability to maintain stable internal balance given a change in outside conditions
superior
above another structure or area or closer to the head. (The heart is superior to the diaphragm.)
why are enzymes important
acts as a catalysis to bring about a reaction
gap junction
allows neighboring cells to communicate
ions
an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons
loose conn tissue
areolar/rectangular not dense, intersecting fibers with different strength, take up space holds organs together
skeletal system
attachment to muscles, protects organ
atom
basic unit of chemical element; protons, neutrons, electrons
bifurcated
branching; unique to heart
negative feedback
bringing condition back to set point
plasma membrane phospholipid bilayer
cholesterol, transmembrane protein, glycoprotein, glycolipids
cytokinesis
cleaving of cell
rectangular epith tissue
columar
cytoplasm
consists of cells between nucleus and cell membrane
nucleus
contains DNA, surrounded by nuclear envelope covered in pores that allows things to travel through
square epith tissue
cubiod
peroxidases
detoxifying chemicals/convert to less harmful substances
forms of passive transport
diffusion, filtration, osmosis
lysosome
digest/ destroy substances inside cell
leak channels
every time pump lets something in something leaks out
respiratory system
exchanges respiratory gases with the environment
cytoskeleton
fibrous proteins that provide shape, structure, protection, and attachment
anatomy
form
physiology
function
desmosomes
fusions of membrane between one cell and the next; strongest connection
cytosol
gel-like and holds organelles
dermis
hair folicals, sensory organs/receptors, sebaceous glands, blood vessels, muscles
cardiac muscle
heart movement
What is ATP
high energy molecule
hypertonic
higher concentration of solution
endocytosis
into cell
smooth muscle
involves movement of internal organs
phagocytosis
larger things into cell
epithelial tissue
line cavities and surfaces
glycolipids
lipids within membrane that is conjugated to sugar
dense regular conn tissue
little vasculature, tight parallel fibers; linear strength required (tendons/ligaments)
hypotonic
lower concentration of solution
urinary system
maintains constant internal environment through the excretion of nitrogenous waste
rough ER
major site of protein
sodium potassium ATPase
major solute pump of all cells; 1) creates concentration gradient 2) establish electrical gradient
where is ATP made
mitochondria
bulk transport
move lots of things at once; endocytosis and exocytosis
diffusion
movement of solutes away from an area of higher concentration
active transport
movement of substance requiring energy
passive transport
movement of substance without using energy
pinocytosis
movement of water into cell
muscular system
moves body, generation of heat, internal support of fluids
control mechanisms associated with homeostasis
negative feedback, positive feedback, feed-forward
are all body systems required
no- reproductive system
isotonic
normal body solution concentration (300
selective permieability
only allow select molecules to cross in and out of cell
exocytosis
out of cell
Golgi Apparatus
packaging and shipping facility; enclose products within membrane "box" either to interior of cell, cell membrane, or expelled
mitosis
part of cycle of cell where DNA is separated
digestive system
physical and chemical breakdown of food
mitochondria
powerhouse of cell; majority of ATP production
osmosis
process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one
centrioles
process of cellular division; function in organization of microtubules
reproductive system
produces and secretes hormones, produces and releases egg and sperms cells
integumentary system
protects underlying tissues; regulates body temp
parts of feedback system
receptor, control center, set point, effector
nervous system
regulated and integrates functions of neurons
endocrine system
regulates and integrates body functions via hormones
lymphatic system
returns tissue fluids to bloodstream
single layer of epith tissue
simple
smooth ER
site of non-protein production
organelle
specialized structure within a cell
flat epith tissue
squamous
multiple layer of epith tissue
stratified
levels of organization concerning anatomy
subatomic particles, atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
hypodermis
subcutaneous tissue (where large blood vessels are)
simple diffusion
substance passes through a membrane without the aid of an intermediary such as a integral membrane protein
enzymes
substance produced by a living organism
Endoplasmic reticulum
synthesis of cellular production
permeability
the state or quality of a material or membrane that causes it to allow liquids or gases to pass through it.
dense irregular conn tissue
tight intersecting fiber
tight junction
tightly holds two membranes together like ziplock bag not letting anything through
connective tissue
tissue that connects, supports, binds, or separates other tissues or organs
cranial
towards head
deep
towards inside
superficial
towards outside
caudal
towards tail
cardiovascular system
transport nutrients, respiratory gases, waste, and heat; transports immune cells and antibodies
facilitated diffusion
transport of molecules or ions across a cell's membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins.
positive feedback
trying to drive condition to get rid of stimuli
skeletal muscle
voluntary movement of skeleton
