PSY 100 - LC's 7-15
Mary Ainsworth devised the strange situation to assess:
Attachment
Ren is 13 years old and is telling his mother that she should not drive too fast and make a complete stop at the light in order to avoid getting a ticket. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates _____ morality.
Conventional
Alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates calm neural activity and slow body functions. They belong to the category of psychoactive drugs called _____.
Depressants
The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by _____ theory.
Erik Erikson's psychosocial development
_____ is a sex hormone that is secreted in greater amounts in females than in males.
Estrogen
_____ was one of the first psychologists to describe adolescence.
G. Stanley Hall
Marcia has the intense desire to create a mentoring program at her company. According to Erik Erikson, she is likely experiencing the _____ versus stagnation state.
Generativity
A person's enduring sexual attraction toward members of their own sex, the other sex, or both sexes is called their sexual:
Orientation
_____ refers to people's ideas about their own and others' mental states; that is, how feelings, perceptions, or thoughts might predict behavior.
Theory of mind
Which phrase BEST expresses the proportion of Americans who believe that society should accept homosexuality?
a majority
Which of these men would be considered the MOST attractive to women based on the evolutionary theory of sexual attraction?
a tall, fit 40-year-old man driving an expensive car
A child's realization that others may have beliefs the child knows to be false BEST illustrates the development of:
a theory of mind
Rather than just seeking pleasure and avoiding pain, consciousness helps one to:
act in one's long-term interests
In part, the trademark impulsivity of adolescence reflects that brain development proceeds more slowly in the brain's _____ than in its _____.
frontal lobe; limbic system
Erik Erikson proposed that at the _____ versus _____ stage of life, people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or else they may feel a lack of purpose.
generativity; stagnation
In Piaget's theory, the process of fitting new experiences into existing schemas is called _____. The process of adjusting ideas to make room for new information is called _____.
assimilation; accommodation
When one is conscious, one is:
aware of oneself and the environment.
Maturation refers mainly to _____ development.
biological
Compared with women, men tend to be less vulnerable to:
depression and anxiety
Danielle is consulting her college's course catalog. The description of one psychology course begins, "This course surveys growth and change across the life span in physical, cognitive, and social domains." This course is MOST likely:
developmental psychology.
Amanda is pregnant. Her baby's intestinal system is beginning to develop. The baby is in the _____ stage of prenatal development.
embryo
Randi is in the fifth week of her pregnancy, which means that her baby is in the _____ period of prenatal development.
embryo
The likelihood that a child will be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder is much higher when the child's _____ is _____ when the child is conceived.
father; middle age
Evolutionary psychologists believe that men in almost all cultures are attracted to women based on youthful physical characteristics that denote:
fertility and good health
The second and third trimesters of pregnancy occur entirely within the _____ period of prenatal development.
fetal
Baby Nicole should understand masculine and feminine gender roles by the time she is _____ old.
3 years
Approximately 1 in _____ middle school students have received a sext.
5
In round figures, the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder is just over 1 in _____ children.
70
Clay has always had a strong sexual desire for his wife. Recently, though, his desire has reduced. What age range is Clay likely in?
75 to 80
For the first time in her life, Margaret has little sexual desire. She is not alarmed as this is common in others around her age. What age range is Margaret likely in?
75 to 80
If someone gently wakes another who is in the REM stage of sleep, there is about a(n) _____ percent chance the person will report being in the middle of a dream.
80
Chuck is a middle-aged, overweight man who snores loudly and feels very sleepy during the day. Chuck may be suffering from a sleep disorder called:
sleep apnea
Which sleep disorder affects mostly adults?
sleep apnea
Compared with males, females are more likely to base their need to belong on their:
social relationships.
Fran's life is more hectic than ever. She is 55 years old and works full time. Her son just graduated from college, but since he cannot find a job he moved back home. Fran's mother is getting frail and she is thinking about putting her mother in an assisted living facility. Fran is experiencing:
the tugs of the sandwich generation.
Erik Erikson proposed that at each stage of life people face a psychosocial task that needs resolution. The first task that infants wrestle with is _____ versus _____.
trust; mistrust
In the United States, the average age at first marriage has _____ since 1960.
increased by more than 4 years
Corey is trying to cut back on his consumption of caffeinated beverages. He will NOT experience:
increased energy
Sex is to _____ as gender is to _____.
nature; nature and nurture
Five-year-old Ling is beginning to show signs of being able to plan ahead in a somewhat rational manner. At her age, this development is likely due to:
neural networks sprouting in her frontal lobes
According to the fraternal birth-order effect, men who have _____ are more likely to be gay than other men are.
older brothers
A reduction in anxiety, pupil constriction, slower respiration, and feelings of lethargy are associated with:
opiates
The evidence reviewed in the textbook suggests that sexual orientation is _____ genetic.
partly
A gender _____ is a set of expected behaviors for males or females.
role
A recent ad for toy cars stated: "Your son will feel ten feet tall today. He will be able to explore his world. He will be able to create cities. He will be able to drive his imagination to new places." This is an example of a gender:
role
Two generations ago, men in the United States were expected to initiate dates and women to select wedding gifts. This BEST illustrates aspects of gender _____.
roles
When a baby's cheek is touched, he or she will turn toward the touch, and open his or her mouth in search of a nipple, this is known as the _____ reflex.
rooting
The embryo period is the:
second period of prenatal development, extending from the third week through the eighth week.
Change blindness, inattentional blindness, and cocktail party effect all illustrate _____ attention.
selective
The fact that drivers detect traffic signals more slowly if they are also conversing on a cell phone illustrates the impact of _____ attention.
selective
While reading a friend's status update on a social networking site, Cory ignores the scrolling newsfeed and the changing advertisements on the right-hand side of the screen. Cory is demonstrating:
selective attention
Jose is trying to quit smoking. A withdrawal symptom that he would NOT experience is:
weight loss
Which option is NOT a withdrawal symptom associated with nicotine?
weight loss
The conclusion of many researchers regarding the stability versus change developmental issue is that:
while some characteristics are stable, both stability and change are part of development.
Terry has quit using OxyContin. His nose is running and he is sweating. His pupils are dilated and tears are running from the corners of his eyes. Terry's symptoms BEST reflect:
withdrawal
The evolutionary perspective predicts that men are MOST likely to become attracted to a female who is:
youthful
The correct order of prenatal development is _____, embryo, and fetus.
zygote
According to _____, the majority of children younger than age 9 have a preconventional morality.
Kohlberg
The field of cognitive development is greatly indebted to the seminal work of the Swiss scholar:
Piaget
With respect to the evaluation of Piaget's theory, contemporary research has revealed that:
Piaget's sequence of cognitive development is valid across many cultures.
Mark believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates _____ morality.
Postconventional
The part of one's sense of self that comes from group memberships is _____.
Social identity
When Mrs. Perez touched her newborn's lips, he produced an automatic response called the _____ reflex.
Sucking
Psychologists use the term _____ to refer to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
cognition
Jean Piaget proposed a stage theory of _____ development.
cognitive
Approximately 1 percent of the population is asexual. An asexual individual:
is not sexually attracted to other people.
Women are more vulnerable to alcohol than men are because women:
lack an enzyme in their stomachs that helps metabolize alcohol
Most people with paraphilias are _____. They experience _____ sexual desire.
men; unusual
_____ rape victims are under age 24.
most
Larry's parents divorced when he was five. His father moved out of the area, and his mother is kept busy with trying to keep a roof over their heads. Larry is now 13 and has been getting into some minor troubles at school and with the law. Despite this, his mother still allows Larry to come and go as he wishes, she rarely if ever punishes him, and gives in to whatever he wants. She feels guilty about the divorce and that he does not have a father. Larry's mother has a(n) _____ parenting style.
permissive
Only a small proportion, about _____ percent, of U.S. teens wish they were someone else.
20
The period of adolescence is lengthening in industrialized cultures such as in Europe, the United States, and Australia. Adolescents are taking more time to finish their education and establish careers. The average age for a first marriage in the United States has increased more than 5 years since 1960, to _____ for men and _____ for women.
29;27
Recent estimates suggest that about _____ percent of Americans are homosexual.
3
From ages _____, the brain's neural network is sprouting MOST rapidly in the _____ lobes, which enables rational planning.
3 to 6; frontal
Gender-role stereotypes are MOST apparent around the age of _____ years.
5 or 6
In its graphic depiction of gender bias in the workplace, the textbook notes that men hold nearly _____ percent of the seats in the world's governing parliaments.
80
How does the prevalence of a gay or lesbian orientation vary between men and women?
About twice as many men as women are homosexual
Kayla is 13 years old. She is in the middle of puberty. Kayla is in a stage of development called:
Adolescence
Whereas the study of attachment style is associated with _____, the study of parenting style is associated with _____.
Ainsworth; Baumrind
Which drugs increase neural activity, causing accelerated body functions and associated energy and mood changes?
Amphetamines
An individual who does not feel sexually attracted to other people is:
Asexual
Ariel is NOT sexually attracted to either men or women. Ariel is:
Asexual
The ability to incorporate new information within existing mental representations of the world is called:
Assimilation
Joan's mom and dad believe that parents know best. They expect Joan to obey all parental rules without question, and they are quick to impose stern punishments if she does not. In Baumrind's terms, Joan's parents are:
Authoritarian
Luca's parents set firm rules but are responsive to his needs. They give him a chance to explain himself, and also explain their position on why they cannot allow him to stay out past midnight. Luca's parents have a(n) _____ parenting style.
Authoritative
_____ is characterized by deficient social interaction and an impaired understanding of another person's state of mind.
Autism spectrum disorder
Allan is 34. Beryl is 50. Callie is 63. Which of these individuals is middle-aged?
Beryl and callie are middle aged
Jerome is a man who is sexually and romantically attracted to both men and women. Jerome is:
Bisexual
_____ includes all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
Cognition
_____ development is to Piaget as moral development is to _____.
Cognitive; Kohlberg
The study of continuity and change over the life span is the subject of the field of _____ psychology.
Developmental
_____ psychology examines growth and change in physical, cognitive, and social areas across the life span.
Developmental
Dr. Destri argues that sleep functions to conserve energy during periods in which hunting and gathering would be dangerous or unproductive. Dr. Destri's views reflect the _____ perspective in psychology
Evolutionary
The correct order of the stages of the sexual response cycle is _____, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
Excitement
Children of supportive parents have higher self-esteem than do children of rejecting parents. This finding affirms the role of _____ in development.
Experience
Christy's 17-year-old nephew seems to take a lot of risks compared with his sister. How would an evolutionary psychologist explain the difference between Christy's niece and nephew?
Females are attracted to males who appear healthy and bold, which encourages males to behave this way
During adolescence, most individuals achieve Jean Piaget's _____ stage of cognitive development.
Formal operational
Between the ages of 3 and 6 years, the number of neural connections increases MOST dramatically in the _____ lobe.
Frontal
Children start to gain control over their attention beginning in preschool. This control is related to a growth spurt in the _____ lobe.
Frontal
_____ described adolescence as a time of "storm and stress."
G. Stanley Hall
This famous experiment involving raising monkeys with two artificial mothers was conducted by:
Harry and Margaret Harlow
Jason is a 25-year-old gay man who is interested in why he is gay and his two older brothers are not. Which statement might be a partial explanation?
He was exposed in utero to hormone levels typically experienced by female fetuses.
_____ someone is NOT an example of relational aggression.
Hitting
Gabe goes to bed at his regular time, and as he begins to drift slowly off to sleep, he jumps up suddenly as he feels he is falling down the stairs. This is BEST explained by a _____ sensation.
Hypnagogic
_____ is NOT a psychoactive drug.
Ibuprofen
Teenagers work at refining and integrating a sense of self. In Erikson's terms, adolescence is defined by a search for:
Identity
In psychology, the MOST influential theory of moral development in psychology is that of:
Kohlberg
As is typical of infants and young children everywhere, Janae first produced one-word sentences, then two-word sentences, and, finally, sentences of several words. This orderly sequence of language acquisition reflects:
Maturation
When a woman stops ovulating and becomes incapable of reproduction, she experiences _____.
Menopause
Bernice is 62. She is in a life stage known as _____ adulthood.
Middle
_____ gave Stanford preschool children a choice between a marshmallow now and two later. He found that the children who were able to wait had higher completion rates and incomes and were less likely to experience addiction as an adult. He also found that this tendency to wait or not persisted even 40 years later.
Mischel
Scientists are exploring whether treatment with the hormone _____ might improve social understanding in those with autism spectrum disorder.
Oxytocin
Jarrud thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrud demonstrates a(n) _____ morality.
Preconventional
During the _____ stage of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children are able to represent things with words and images and use intuitive rather than logical reasoning.
Preoperational
An optimally functioning brain requires adequate sleep. This reflects the notion that sleep serves the function of:
Recuperation
During the _____ phase of the sexual response, males are unable to have another orgasm immediately
Resolution
A college instructor is expected to teach classes, assess students' work, and advise students. These expectations are part of a college instructor's:
Role
Vygotsky used the term _____ to refer to a framework offering children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking.
Scaffold
According to Jean Piaget, during the _____ stage of cognitive development, object permanence and stranger anxiety are the developmental phenomena that occur.
Sensorimotor
When the hormone _____ is introduced to the prenatal environment of female sheep, the ewes later show an increased likelihood of homosexual behavior.
Testosterone
Sara just found out that her sister conceived about seven days ago. She rushes to find a book on pregnancy so that she can learn more about it. What will the book say is happening around the seventh day of pregnancy?
The cells of the zygote are beginning to differentiate.
Alcohol _____ disorder entails alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic drinking.
Use
These psychologists were the first to describe muscle contractions all over the body during orgasm as part of a research study.
William Masters and Virginia Johnson
The unusual convergence of several space-time anomalies lands Wundt, James, Watson, and Skinner at the May 2018 conference of the Association for Psychological Science in San Francisco, CA. Noticing the current emphasis on consciousness in psychology, _____ would be _____.
Wundt, gratified
Alec is a male. His genetic sex is:
XY
Selective attention is illustrated by _____ blindness _____ blindness.
both inattentional; and change
Because of cataracts, a neighbor was deprived of visual experiences during early childhood. Last year, her vision was restored by surgery but she is having difficulty in dealing with the visual world. This is probably because:
brain cells normally devoted to vision died or were diverted to other uses
Older adults are more susceptible to _____ than when they were younger.
cancer
Selective attention is BEST illustrated by:
change blindness
Biological processes occurring on a cycle of approximately 24 hours are called _____ rhythms.
circadian
The Swiss scholar Jean Piaget made groundbreaking contributions to the study of _____ development.
cognitive
A ban is imposed on outdoor watering during a severe drought. The Robinsons decide not to water their new shrubs because the neighbors would disapprove. Their reasoning places them at which of Kohlberg's levels?
conventional
Improved judgment, impulse control, and the ability to plan for the future develop during the late teens and early twenties, largely as a result of:
development of the frontal lobe and its connections with other parts of the brain
When Marcia goes into the bedroom to check on the child she is babysitting, she observes that his eyes are rapidly moving back and forth under his eyelids. The child is also lying very still. It is likely that he is:
dreaming
During an argument, Trinh tries to rescue the discredited proposition that people only use 10 percent of their brain by suggesting that the belief is intended to mean that people are only aware of a small percentage of their brain's work, and that a lot of processing goes on that one is unaware of. Trinh's argument references the notion of _____ processing.
dual
As one ages, one BEST remembers events that occurred:
during one's teenage years
Compared to a century ago, menarche now occurs _____ in life and adult independence begins _____ in life.
earlier; later
The _____ theory suggests that the genes that cause a woman to be especially attracted and attractive to men may also cause some men to be attracted to other men.
fertile female
According to Jean Piaget, during the _____ stage of cognitive development, abstract logic and the potential for mature moral reasoning are formed.
formal operational
Aging results in a gradual decline in female fertility. For women _____, a single act of intercourse is half as likely to produce a pregnancy as it would for a 19- to 26-year-old woman.
in their thirties
After midlife, positive feelings _____, and negative feelings _____.
increase; decrease
Sleep deprivation may encourage the development of obesity because it _____ levels of the hormone cortisol and _____ the body's metabolism.
increases; decreases
Sleep deprivation may encourage the development of obesity because it _____ levels of the hormone ghrelin and _____ levels of the hormone leptin.
increases; decreases
Rebecca takes her 1-year-old son, Adam, to visit an infants and toddlers program in which she hopes to enroll him. Adam appears very anxious and is unwilling to explore and play with the toys, even though Rebecca is close by. When Rebecca leaves the room to fill out some forms, Adam becomes extremely upset and remains inconsolable. When Rebecca returns, Adam stays close to her, holding onto her pant leg. However, Adam makes it very clear he does not want her to touch him or pick him up. Which term BEST describes Adam's attachment style?
insecure
Matthew tries to finish the day's most important business by 1 in the afternoon. before his brain runs down. His graduate student Meghna claims that her brain comes alive at 10 at night. Matthew may be described as a(n) _____, whereas Meghna is better called a(n) ______.
lark; owl
Among young adults, REM-sleep episodes _____ across the night, and episodes of N3 deep sleep _____.
lengthen; shorten
_____ is the orderly sequence of biological growth.
maturation
A manufacturing company installs bright lights in a plant in which many employees work the 11 P.M. to 7 A.M. shift. The lights simulate morning sun, helping the suprachiasmatic nucleus to reduce the production of the sleep-inducing hormone called:
melatonin
The first menstrual period in girls in the United States occurs usually within a year of age 12, and it is known as _____.
menarche
Adrianne is elated. She has not gotten her period in over a year. She does not have to worry about an unintended pregnancy either. She feels liberated. Adrianne is MOST likely experiencing _____.
menopause
In everyday interactions, men are more likely to state their opinions, while women are more likely to offer support. However, women tend to become more assertive and men more empathetic in:
middle age
Kohlberg is to Erikson as _____ development is to _____ development.
moral; psychosocial
Research participants are presented with this scenario: "There is a runaway trolley headed for five people. All will certainly be killed unless you throw a switch that diverts the trolley onto another track, where one person will die. Will you throw the switch?" What are the likely results to this question?
most will say yes
Which phrase BEST reflects the conclusion drawn by the textbook's authors when they reflect on nature, nurture, sex, gender, and sexuality?
nature and nurture
Ricardo has compound fractures of his arm and leg and a broken jaw due to an automobile accident. Since the accident, he has been taking morphine, a powerful painkiller. What type of drug is Ricardo taking?
opiates
The female's _____ is/are involved in the production of the hormone estrogen, as the male's _____ is/are involved in the production of the hormone testosterone.
ovaries; testes
Mike and Carla find that the closer their relationship becomes, the more sexual satisfaction they experience. This is due to:
overlapping brain reward regions
Whereas _____ processing is the brain's default, _____ processing takes over when the task is complex or unfamiliar.
parallel; sequential
Reflecting a use-it-or-lose it approach, unused synaptic connections are eliminated during infancy and childhood in a process called:
pruning
Consciousness is considered an important topic of study by:
psychologists of the cognitive perspective, but not by those of the behaviorist perspective.
Baby June is now 8 months of age. Her mother has noticed that, lately, June has become extremely fearful of unfamiliar people. June is displaying _____ anxiety.
stranger
The removal of a woman's ovaries may contribute to decreasing sexual interest because her natural _____ level is _____.
testosterone; lowered
Giacomo uses cocaine. He finds that he needs a line or two to re-create the original effects of a bump. Which is the MOST specific term describing Giacomo's experience?
tolerance
Thomas smokes crack cocaine. When he first started using it, he used to get high using a small amount but now he finds he needs to smoke more and more to get the same high. This is an example of _____.
tolerance