PSY 101 Module 1

Which quote can be best attributed to Gestalt Psychology?

"The whole is other than the sum of its parts." - Koffka

Proponents of the early school of ________ psychology argue that our thoughts, feelings, and motive are unimportant in understanding human behavior and that only observable actions should be studied.

behaviorism

Which school of thought in the early 20th century focused on observable behavior and relationships between stimuli and responses?

behaviorism

A researcher interested in how changes in the cells of the hippocampus (a structure in the brain related to learning and memory) are related to memory formation would be most likely to identify as a(n) ________ psychologist.

biological

Which psychological domain would include a study of neuroscience?

biological

This school of thought studies the mental processes of thinking, memory, and judgment.

cognitive

Which psychological domain would include a study of memory and intelligence?

cognitive

In the late 19th century, this approach to psychology measured basic elements of conscious experiences to provide scientific evidence to understand the mind.

structuralism

understanding the conscious experience through introspection

structuralism

A person's conscience and voice of reason and goodness is the______.

superego

The operant conditioning chamber (a.k.a. ________ box) is a device used to study the principles of operant conditioning.

Skinner

What are the 5 pillars of psychology?

1. Biological 2. Cognitive 3. Developmental 4. Social and Personality 5. Mental and physical health

suffix that denotes "scientific study of"

-ology

In the scientific method, a hypothesis is _____

A proposed explanation

________ focused on the potential of humans to be creative, have a positive outlook and pursue higher values through a process of self-actualization.

Abraham Maslow

________ is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs.

Abraham Maslow

________ presented ideas and techniques for rewarding and punishing behavior.

B.F. Skinner

In the late 19th century, the early school of psychology that was heavily influenced by biology was ________.

Functionalism

Which school of psychology was more likely to focus on the operation of the entire mind instead of specific parts?

Functionalism

William James's focus on how mental activities help a person adapt to his or her environment is known as _______

Functionalism

Which psychological domain would include a study of abnormal psychology?

Mental and physical health

Which researcher studied types of conditioned reflexes?

Pavlov

Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in ________.

Philosophy

Mario has not been doing well in his third grade classroom. His teacher noticed that he wasn't focusing in class and mistakenly thought he was being lazy. In fact, the truth was that Mario's family couldn't afford enough food to feed their family and therefore, he regularly goes to school without any breakfast. Which level of need would best describe what is going on with Mario?

Pysiological

Which psychological domain would include a study of motivation and gender?

Social and personality

Psyche is a Greek word meaning ____.

Soul

Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener's approach to asking patients to look inward and describe their feelings was a part of their broader strategy to understand consciousness. This was called:

Structuralism

This psychologist argued that psychology is independent from philosophy. He believed that the conscious elements of the mind should be scientifically studied and classified.

Wilhelm Wundt

________ focused on examining the physiology of one's behavior and other psychological aspects of the mind.

William James

Which psychological domain would include a study of learning and conditioning?

developmental

Method for acquiring knowledge based on observation, including experimentation, rather than a method based only on forms of logical argument or previous authorities.

empirical method

True or false: cognitive psychology emphasizes introspection

false

Define behaviorism

focus on observing and controlling behavior

In the late 1800s, this approach examined how the mind operates and how conscious thoughts in the mind have continually evolved since the beginning of time.

functionalism

focused on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment

functionalism

This school of thought, developed in the 1950s and 1960s, focuses on the potential of individuals and each person's unique viewpoint.

humanistic

Which school of thought emphasized the development of a healthy and effectively-functioning person?

humanistic psychology

Define humanism

perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans

focus on the role of the unconscious in affecting conscious behavior

psychoanalytic theory

Which school of thought examined mental processes that are in the unconscious mind to explain behavior?

psychodynamic

scientific study of the mind and behavior

psychology

True or false: cognitive psychology acknowledges internal mental states

true

True or false: cognitive psychology includes research in perception, language, and memory

true

True or false: cognitive psychology utilizes the scientific method

true

True or false: scientific theories are supported by evidence

true

Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and ________ in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems.

unconditional positive regard