Psy 1010- Exam 1
____ believed that psychology should be about what people do, and should not concern itself with what cannot be seen (e. g. , internal states such as thoughts, feelings, and goals).
B. F. Skinner
Which of the following research methods allow researchers to determine causality?
Experimental studies
Which of the following is NOT an example of a descriptive research method?
Experiments
____ refers to the degree to which an experimental design actually reflects the real-world issues it is supposed to address.
External validity
____ refers to the degree to which changes in the dependent variable are due to the manipulation of the independent variable and nothing else.
Internal validity
_____ provide an objective description of how variables are going to be measured and observed in a particular study.
Operational definitions
Which of the following schools of thought focuses on the unconscious aspects of human thought and behavior?
Psychoanalysis
Dr. Zimand is studying the association between the functioning of specific brain structures and depression. It is likely that Dr. Zimand specializes in the ____________ approach to psychology.
biological
According to the ____ approach, human behavior is primarily controlled by an individual's mental processes.
cognitive
In an experiment, the group that is NOT subjected to a treatment condition is known as the _____ group.
control
In a ____, neither the participants nor the experimenter know which group has received the treatment.
double-blind experiment
The view that knowledge comes from experience and that science should rely on observation is called:
empiricism
Dr. Aoki used double-blind procedures in his experiments to reduce the potential for ____.
experimenter bias and participant bias
Professor Jones is studying drug use among high school students. If she uses random sampling, it will strengthen the ____ of her study.
external validity
The ____ approach emphasizes a person's positive qualities and capacity for positive growth.
humanistic
In an experiment the ______ is manipulated by the researcher and its effects on the _____ are measured.
independent variable / dependent variable
In an experiment, the ____ is conceptualized as the "cause" and the _____ is conceptualized as the "effect. "
independent variable / dependent variable
Demand characteristics can threaten the _____ of a study.
internal validity
The placebo effect can weaken the ____ of an experiment.
internal validity
Independent variables are ____.
manipulated by researchers
Randomly choosing a group of 50 students from a roster of all students in a school and inviting them to participate in a study would be an example of one way to ____.
obtain a random sample
Longitudinal research involves ______.
obtaining measures of the variables of interest in multiple waves over time
Professor Jordan has suggested to his students that as study time increases, grades increase. The professor is describing a ____.
positive correlation
The heart of the scientific method is based on ____.
skepticism critical thinking curiosity *All of these
The ____ approach focuses on comparisons of behavior across countries as well as on the behavior of individuals from different ethnic and cultural groups within a country.
sociocultural
Professor Mendez found that the correlation between students' life stress scale score and his or her final grade was -. 80. This correlation coefficient indicates a _____ relationship between the two variables.
strong negative
Wilhelm Wundt was the founder of ____________, whereas William James was the founder of __________.
structuralism / functionalism
A population is ____.
the entire group of people researchers want to draw conclusions about
Psychology is _____.
the study of mental processes the study of behavior a type of science *all of these
