PSY 111-AB quizzes 9-12

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of Freud's psychosexual stages of development? A. phallic, oral, anal, genital, latency B. genital, oral, phallic, anal, latency C. oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital D. anal, oral, phallic, latency, genital

C. oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

According to Schachter and Singer's two-factor theory, emotion is determined by two factors. They are A. intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. B. internal and external attribution. C. physiological arousal and cognitive labeling. D. homeostasis and the Yerkes-Dodson law.

C. physiological arousal and cognitive labeling.

________ is an individual's fast-acting, self-fulfilling fear of being judged based on a negative idea about his or her group. Stereotype threat Stereotype consensus effect Self-serving bias False uniqueness effect

Stereotype threat

The thinking style called splitting is associated with which of the following disorders? borderline personality disorder schizophrenia dissociative identity disorder antisocial personality disorder

borderline personality disorder

According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the leading cause of disability in the United States is major depressive disorder. panic disorder. obsessive-compulsive disorder. schizophrenia.

major depressive disorder.

Jerome was held hostage by gunmen along with 30 others in a 5-star hotel. He had witnessed the gunmen shoot other hostages and was denied food and water for two whole days. Since then, Jerome has had trouble sleeping and focusing on his work. Sometimes, Jerome loses track of where he is and feels like he is back at the hotel. These flashback episodes terrify Jerome and disturb his peace of mind. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, it can be inferred that Jerome shows symptoms suggestive of obsessive-compulsive disorder. post-traumatic stress disorder. social anxiety disorder. schizophrenia.

post-traumatic stress disorder.

Cognitive dissonance theory states that in order to reduce dissonance, individuals? do not perceive a discrepancy between attitudes and behavior. try to align their attitudes and behavior. change behavior in order to be more popular. change attitudes in order to be more popular.

try to align their attitudes and behavior.

The volunteer participants in Solomon Asch's experiment on conformity conformed to group pressure to select the incorrect answer approximately ________ percent of the time. 35 10 60 90

35

Maria is a generous and altruistic woman who has a strong religious faith. According to the big five model of personality, Maria would likely score high on which of the following traits? A. Agreeableness B. Extraversion C. Neuroticism D. Openness

A. Agreeableness

Danielle is a woman of normal weight, whereas Ron is an obese man. Whenever they go out to dinner together, Ron always eats more food. Ron, a psychology major, correctly explains this difference in food intake by pointing out that A. he has more fat cells than Danielle and he is not satiated until all his fat cells are filled. B. males and females have different levels of the hormone cholecystokinin. C. the ventromedial hypothalamus of his brain induces in him an urge to take in large portions of food. D. males release leptin at a slower rate than females.

A. he has more fat cells than Danielle and he is not satiated until all his fat cells are filled.

Which of the following would suggest that you feel happy because you are laughing? A. james-Lange theory B. cannon-Bard theory C. yerkes-Dodson law D. two-factor theory of emotion

A. james-Lange theory

The highest and most elusive of Maslow's needs is A. self-actualization. B. esteem. C. competence. D. belongingness.

A. self-actualization.

Freud believed that the prime motive in human existence is ________, Karen Horney believed that the prime motive in human existence is ________. A. sex/security B. security/sex C. self-actualization/unconditional positive regard D. sex/self-actualization

A. sex/security

________ has the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder. Bipolar disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Schizophrenia Anorexia nervosa

Anorexia nervosa

________ are the class of sex hormones that are predominate in females. ________ are the class of sex hormones that are predominate in males. A. Estrogens/Endorphins B. Estrogens/Androgens C. Androgens/Estrogens D. Endorphins/Androgens

B. Estrogens/Androgens

Ray played basketball all of his life because he loved the sport. He became so good that he was given the opportunity to play professionally, and eventually he signed a very lucrative contract. After that contract ran out, the team offered him slightly more money, but he decided that it was not enough and that he wanted to quit. Which of the following best explains Ray's behavior from a motivational perspective? A. Intrinsic motivation has replaced Ray's extrinsic motivation to play basketball. B. Extrinsic motivation has replaced Ray's intrinsic motivation to play basketball. C. Ray is being driven by his organismic needs. D. The team is not showing Ray the respect that he has earned.

B. Extrinsic motivation has replaced Ray's intrinsic motivation to play basketball.

In the context of human sexual-response pattern, which of the following is true of the resolution phase? A. The most obvious signs of response in this phase are the beginnings of lubrication of the vagina and partial erection of the penis. B. In this phase, males enter a refractory period during which they cannot have another orgasm. C. It involves an explosive discharge of neuromuscular tension and an intensely pleasurable feeling. D. The resolution phase begins the process of erotic responsiveness.

B. In this phase, males enter a refractory period during which they cannot have another orgasm.

Alfred Adler would be most likely to endorse which of the following explanations for human behavior? A. People are primarily motivated by factors of which they are not consciously aware. B. People are primarily motivated by purposes and goals. C. People are primarily motivated by their desires to seek pleasure and avoid pain. D. People are primarily motivated by sexual and aggressive instincts.

B. People are primarily motivated by purposes and goals.

Which of the following is true of Carl Rogers's approach to personality? A. Rogers believed that the person must not reconnect with his or her true feelings and desires. B. Rogers believed that each person is born with natural capacities for growth and fulfillment. C. Roger believed that personality psychology should focus on understanding healthy, well-adjusted individuals. D. Rogers believed that conditions of worth cannot become part of who we think we ought to be.

B. Rogers believed that each person is born with natural capacities for growth and fulfillment.

Which of the following is true regarding the Rorschach inkblot test? A.The test is highly regarded and utilized heavily in personality research. B. The test does not meet certain criteria of reliability and validity. C. The test is one of the most objective tests used in clinical research. D. The test has been shown to be extraordinarily reliable.

B. The test does not meet certain criteria of reliability and validity.

Nelly's friends attempt to convince Nelly to try cocaine at a party. Even though Nelly is tempted, she resists because she knows that the consequences of her actions would be disastrous for her body. In the context of Freud's structures of personality, Nelly's temptation to take cocaine is most likely dictated by her ________. Her decision not to take the cocaine is most likely dictated by her ________. A. superego; ego B. id; ego C. ego; id D. ego; superego

B. id; ego

Males experience a refractory period during the ________ phase of the human sexual-response pattern. A. orgasm B. resolution C. plateau D. excitement

B. resolution

According to Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory, ________ the basis of personality. A. the reticular activation system (RAS) is B. the behavioral activation system (BAS) and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) are C. the id, ego, and superego are D. the cognitive affective processing systems (CAPS) are

B. the behavioral activation system (BAS) and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) are

Freud considered ________ to be the most important motivator of all human activity. A. the conscious mind B. the sexual drive C. self-actualization D. rewards and punishments

B. the sexual drive

Which of the following is true of the three structures of personality described by Freud? A. The superego acts as a mediator between the conflicting demands of the id and the ego. B. In Freud's view, the id has contact with reality. C. According to Freud, the ego helps individuals to test reality. D. According to Freud, the id is completely conscious, whereas the ego is partly unconscious.

C. According to Freud, the ego helps individuals to test reality.

According to the five-factor model of personality, which statement best describes the relationship between neuroticism and personality? A. Neuroticism is high when a person is emotionally stable. B. Neuroticism is low in anxious and insecure individuals. C. Neuroticism is low in self-satisfied individuals. D. Neuroticism is high when a person is positive.

C. Neuroticism is low in self-satisfied individuals.

At age 33, Ricky is a highly ranked partner in a law firm. He lives by himself and doesn't find the time to socialize. He has a lavish house with an elaborate security system and owns a luxurious sports car. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, which of the following can best explain Ricky's discontentment with life? A. Ricky's esteem needs are not fulfilled. B. Ricky does not feel safe at home. C. Ricky's need for belongingness is not being met. D. Ricky's physiological needs are not being met.

C. Ricky's need for belongingness is not being met.

Which of the following is NOT one of the essential qualities needed in a relationship to reconnect with one's true feelings and desires according to Rogers? A. unconditional positive regard B. genuineness C. defense mechanisms D. empathy

C. defense mechanisms

Evan received an ugly pair of pajamas for his birthday. Even though he didn't like the gift, he smiled and thanked his grandmother for the present. Evan's behavior can be explained in terms of A. the circumplex model of emotion. B. the broaden-and-build model. C. display rules. D. set points.

C. display rules.

Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with extraversion? A. GABA B. acetylcholine C. dopamine D. serotonin

C. dopamine

A(n) ________ is a type of self-report test that is created by first identifying two groups that are known to be different. A. personology inventory B. Thematic Apperception Test C. empirically keyed test D. Rorschach inkblot test

C. empirically keyed test

Alex is shy and keeps to himself most of the time. Alex would score low on what trait? A. openness B. neuroticism C. extraversion D. agreeableness

C. extraversion

Soon after a car accident, Sally was rushed to the hospital. The doctors discovered that Sally's ventromedial hypothalamus had suffered some damage as a result of the accident. In the context of the biology of hunger, the doctor should expect that Sally will A. lose weight gradually. B. gain weight gradually. C. gain weight rapidly. D. lose weight rapidly.

C. gain weight rapidly.

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs must be met first? A. safety needs B. belongingness and love C. physiological needs D. self-actualization

C. physiological needs

Which of the following perspectives emphasizes that personality is primarily unconscious? A. humanistic perspectives B. social cognitive perspectives C. psychodynamic perspectives D. personological and life-story perspectives

C. psychodynamic perspectives

The ________ approach to personality places emphasis on conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals. A. psychodynamic B. trait C. social cognitive D. humanistic

C. social cognitive

According to the James-Lange theory of emotions, crying over spilled milk will result in A. increased heart rate because you are sad. B. sorrow because the milk has been spilled. C. sorrow because you are crying. D. several indiscriminant emotions.

C. sorrow because you are crying.

According to humanistic theory, a child who receives ________ from his or her parents is likely to avoid the problems associated with ________. A.unconditional positive regard/self-actualization needs B. conditions of worth/positive self-regard needs C. unconditional positive regard/conditions of worth D. self-consistency/threats

C. unconditional positive regard/conditions of worth

Identify the true statement about extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. A. People whose motivation is intrinsic are most likely to show the least amount of interest and excitement. B. Extrinsic motivation is believed more likely to produce competent behavior and mastery. C. Intrinsic motivation very rarely results in improved performance, persistence, or creativity. D. Intrinsic motivation is believed to lead to more positive outcomes than extrinsic motivation.

D. Intrinsic motivation is believed to lead to more positive outcomes than extrinsic motivation

Tom is interested in working for an intelligence branch of the government, and a polygraph test is part of the interview process. Though Tom intends to be honest, he is worried that the polygraph will say he is lying when he isn't. Tom's friend Cameron assures Tom that polygraph tests are infallible. Is Cameron right? A. Yes; though much of the research has not been made public, many government agencies rely on polygraphs, and they would not do so if the tests were fallible. B. Yes; polygraphs pick up certain physiological responses associated with lying, and very few people can hide those responses. C. No; polygraph machines are just props and the person watching for cues that the subject is lying may make errors. D. No; heart rate and breathing can increase for reasons other than lying and this effect can make it difficult to interpret the physiological indicators of arousal.

D. No; heart rate and breathing can increase for reasons other than lying and this effect can make it difficult to interpret the physiological indicators of arousal.

Which structure of personality did Freud refer to as the "it"? A. ego B. collective unconscious C. superego D. id

D. id

According to Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory, the behavioral inhibition system A. predisposes one to feelings of positive emotion. B. underlies the trait of extraversion. C. is sensitive to environmental punishment. D. is sensitive to rewards in the environment.

D. is sensitive to rewards in the environment.

Whenever Olivia watches a television commercial featuring food, she is ridden by a desire to eat. These feelings of hunger stimulate Olivia to go to the kitchen to search for food. Olivia's behavior can be studied by conducting research in the area of A. perception. B. intuition. C. sensation. D. motivation.

D. motivation.

According to Freud, penis envy and the Oedipus complex is experienced during which of the following psychosexual stages of development? A. anal B. latency C. oral D. phallic

D. phallic

John, who is jealous of his older brother, states that his older brother hates him and is jealous of him. This scenario best illustrates the defense mechanism of A. repression. B. sublimation. C. regression. D. projection.

D. projection.

Which of the following is an important element of Carl Rogers's humanistic theory? A. archetype B. sublimation C. persona D. self-concept

D. self-concept

If Marcy is feeling guilty about lying to her mother, supporters of Freud's psychoanalytic theory would most likely argue that her ________ is making her feel this way. A. ego B. anima C. id D. superego

D. superego

Self-efficacy refers to A. the need to engage in warm relations with other people. B. the sense that one is in control of one's own life. C. the sense that one can gain skills and overcome obstacles. D. the belief that one has the competence to accomplish a given goal or task

D. the belief that one has the competence to accomplish a given goal or task

If it is night, we are likely to feel hungry even if we ate a big lunch. This illustrates A. the effect of suggestion on eating behavior. B. the effect of emotional state on eating behavior. C. the effect of mindlessness on eating behavior. D. the effect of learned associations on eating behavior.

D. the effect of learned associations on eating behavior.

According to Horney, women might envy the penis but what they really want is A. stronger superegos and moral convictions. B. a man to protect and shelter them. C. the freedom to have multiple sexual partners. D. the status bestowed to those who have one.

D. the status bestowed to those who have one

Which of the following statements is true of the sociocultural factors involved in depression? Depression increases as standards of living and employment circumstances worsen. Individuals with a low socioeconomic status (SES) are less likely to develop depression than their higher-SES counterparts. Men are nearly twice as likely as women to be diagnosed with depression. Studies have found very low rates of depression in Native American groups.

Depression increases as standards of living and employment circumstances worsen

The ________ was published in 1952 by the American Psychiatric Association for the major classification of psychological disorders in the United States. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) Latin American Guide for Psychiatric Diagnosis (GLDP) Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM) International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10)

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

________ means helping another person for personal gain, such as to feel good, or avoid guilt. Altruism Utilitarianism Egoism Ethnocentrism

Egoism

________ are sensory experiences in the absence of real stimuli. ________ are false, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture. Hallucinations/Delusions Catatonic thoughts/Referential thoughts Delusions/Hallucinations Referential thoughts/Catatonic thoughts

Hallucinations/Delusions

Mathew is a critic of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Which of the following statements will be agreed upon by Mathew? It avoids relying on social norms and subjective judgments. It focuses on destigmatizing psychological disorders and fails to highlight the problems associated with them. It treats all psychological disorders as if they are medical illnesses. It reflects the sociocultural approach, emphasizing factors such as poverty, unemployment, and trauma.

It treats all psychological disorders as if they are medical illnesses.

Which of the following statements is true of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? Not every individual exposed to the same event develops PTSD. Individuals with PTSD seek attention and are open to expressing their emotions. Genetic inheritance does not play a role in the development of PTSD. An individual experiences PTSD symptoms only several months or years after a trauma.

Not every individual exposed to the same event

________ refers to the tendency to take credit for one's own successes and to deny responsibility for one's own failures. Positive illusion Self-serving bias Learned helplessness Stereotyping

Self-serving bias

_______ is an anxiety disorder in which an individual has an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in public. Thanatophobia Gamophobia Social phobia Xenophobia

Social phobia

________ is the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people. Social psychology Socialism Social analytics Social Darwinism

Social psychology

In the context of research in the area of physical attractiveness, which of the following faces will most likely be rated as most attractive? a round face with unusually large eyes a face with an unusually small forehead and unusually large lips a composite of multiple faces that have been digitally blended to produce an "average" face a face in which the distinctive features have been digitally enhanced

a composite of multiple faces that have been digitally blended to produce an "average" face

Which of the following individuals is likely to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder? a person who is prone to mood swings, excessive self-criticism, and extreme judgment of others a person who shows an excessive attachment to moral codes and is excessively orderly in daily life a person who perceives himself as helpless and depends on others for emotional and physical needs a person who lacks empathy for others, is egocentric, and is willing to use others for his own personal gain

a person who lacks empathy for others, is egocentric, and is willing to use others for his own personal gain

A fear becomes a phobia when the regions of the brain like amygdala and hippocampus are deactivated. a doctor diagnoses it as such. an individual will go to any length to avoid the object of the fear. a person can specifically identify their object of fear.

an individual will go to any length to avoid the object of the fear.

A superficially charming person who is indifferent to the pain of others and has spent his life in and out of prison for violent crimes would most likely be diagnosed with which type of personality disorder? schizotypal personality disorder borderline personality disorder antisocial personality disorder narcissistic personality disorder

antisocial personality disorder

According to the self-perception theory, behaviors can cause attitudes. attitudes influence behavior. social comparisons aid in identity building. inconsistent thoughts cause psychological discomfort.

behaviors can cause attitudes.

Self-fulfilling prophecy effects show the potential power of stereotypes and other sources of expectations on human behavior. examines the characteristics of cultures that are associated with the emergence of altruism and with the belief that everyone deserves fair treatment. is the solidification and further strengthening of an individual's position as a consequence of a group discussion or interaction. shows that aspects of the environment prime us to behave aggressively.

effects show the potential power of stereotypes and other sources of expectations on human behavior.

Motivated behavior is A.)energized, directed, and sustained. B.) excitatory, disoriented, and dynamic. C.) reflexive, reflective, and adaptive. D.) logical, analytical, and unmanageable.

energized, directed, and sustained

The tendency to favor one's own cultural group over other groups is called groupthink. ethnocentrism. social identity. deindividuation.

ethnocentrism

The Cannon-Bard theory predicts that after witnessing a shocking event, a person will A. experience increased heart rate and rapid breathing as a result of anxiety. B. first experience shock and then be motivated to turn away. C. experience physical and emotional reactions simultaneously. D. be motivated to turn away and then will experience shock.

experience physical and emotional reactions simultaneously.

All of the following are symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder EXCEPT difficulties with memory and concentration. impulsive outbursts of behavior. flashbacks. feeling emotionally charged.

feeling emotionally charged.

All of the following are positive symptoms of schizophrenia EXCEPT You Answered referential thinking. delusions. hallucinations. flat affect.

flat affect.

An individual who has been experiencing persistent anxiety for the past 6 months and unable to specify the cause or source of her nervous feelings likely suffers from schizophrenia. a panic disorder. generalized anxiety disorder. post-traumatic stress disorder.

generalized anxiety disorder.

One explanation for the effects of deindividuation in groups is that groups give people anonymity. increase personal identity. reduce the diffusion of responsibility. make people more inhibited.

give people anonymity.

When an individual hears and sees people who are not actually there, the individual is likely to be experiencing hallucinations. catatonia. mirages. delusions.

hallucinations.

In a study based on Tajfel's theory of social identity, Cathy is randomly assigned to Group A, and Sara is randomly assigned to Group B. When asked to award money to other study participants, both Cathy and Sara award money only to members of their own groups. This behavior is predicted by Tajfel's theory and best exemplifies cultural bias. ethnocentrism. in-group favoritism. group polarization.

in-group favoritism

Robert, a nine-year-old boy, loves watching wrestling on TV. Last night, he used several of the aggressive wrestling moves on his little brother. Which of the following theories best explains William's behavior? observational learning identity crisis frustration-aggression theory cognitive dissonance

observational learning

Brenda is constantly in the habit of arranging and rearranging the things in her house. She feels very anxious when things are not arranged symmetrically and engages in this behavior to dismiss her negative feelings. Consequently, Brenda forbids children from entering her house because she is afraid that they will disturb the balance of orderliness. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, Brenda is most likely to be diagnosed with paranoid personality disorder. post-traumatic stress disorder. obsessive-compulsive disorder. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Dr. Davenport, a psychiatrist, is in the process of diagnosing Kelly's psychological disorder. He asks Kelly a series of questions regarding her symptoms. Kelly reveals that she often experiences overwhelming fear all of a sudden which is accompanied by pains in the chest and a feeling of helplessness. During these instances, she finds it difficult to breathe, has severe palpitations, and feels like she's going to die of cardiac arrest. In the context of psychological disorders, Dr. Davenport is most likely to diagnose Kelly with paranoid personality disorder. social anxiety disorder. schizophrenia. panic disorder.

panic disorder.

Soldiers who have returned from the frontlines often struggle with overwhelming anxiety, nervousness, depression, and flashbacks. In many cases, these soldiers have problems with memory and an inability to experience happiness. These characteristics are indicative of specific phobia. dissociative identity disorder. post-traumatic stress disorder. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

post-traumatic stress disorder.

In the context of group decision making, which of the following is a symptom of groupthink? preference for accuracy over conformity willingness to hear all sides of an argument pressure for unanimity underestimation of the power of a group

pressure for unanimity

Learned helplessness and pessimistic attributional styles are two ways of understanding the ________ factors associated with depression. bipolar sociocultural psychological biological

psychological

Harry, a behavioral psychologist, is in the process of analyzing his patient Maria Valentine's report. Maria has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID). According to Harry, severe physical abuse in childhood could serve as a plausible explanation for Maria's psychological disorder. Maria is emotionally damaged and forms alternate identities in order to shut out past memories and to cope with the trauma. In the context of theoretical approaches to psychological disorders, it can be inferred that Harry's explanation of Maria's condition conforms to the to psychological disorders biological approach. sociocultural approach. psychological approach. cognitive approach.

psychological approach.

According to the social facilitation effect, the presence of others is likely to have little to no effect on performance. enhance performance on all types of tasks. reduce performance on difficult tasks. improve performance on new tasks.

reduce performance on difficult tasks.

The tendency for a group decision to be riskier than the average decision made by the individual group members is known as risky shift. social loafing. risk hedging. group polarization.

risky shift

William has volunteered to work in a war-torn country to try and improve the lives of the residents there. The citizens currently have enough to eat and drink. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what would these citizens be in need of next? A.self-actualization B. belongingness and love C. esteem D. safety

safety

Juanita returned home after being away for several years. When she saw her father, whom she thought she disliked, she hugged him and cried. Based on her crying when she saw him, she determined that she must like him more than she thought. This is most consistent with the of attitudes self-perception theory. evolutionary theory. social identity theory. social learning theory.

self-perception theory.

Which of the following theories best explains why individuals like to think of their group as an in-group? self-perception theory social exchange theory social identity theory cognitive dissonance theory

social identity theory

When treating a client with a psychological disorder, a therapist makes the assumption that the person's difficulties stem primarily from the context in which a person lives. This therapist most likely identifies with the ________ to psychological disorders. cognitive approach biological approach sociocultural approach psychological approach

sociocultural approach

Alison had sustained severe injuries after being brutally attacked by a mad dog as a child. Following that incident, Alison has been experiencing an overwhelming sense of fear and paralysis every time she sees a dog. The fear is so intense that it keeps Alison from leaving her house. Alison believes that as long as she's inside her house, the chances of encountering a dog are slim. In the context of psychological disorders, Alison is most likely to be diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. social anxiety disorder. specific phobia. generalized anxiety disorder.

specific phobia.

Social loafing refers to the social norm that obligates the general public to help those who may not be completely able to help themselves (e.g., children and the elderly). tendency for people to exert less effort when working in groups than when working alone. tendency to spend more time being productive when in the company of one's peers. tendency for people to exert more effort when working in groups than when working alone.

tendency for people to exert less effort when working in groups than when working alone.

The advertising committee for a politician is going door to door and asking people to put a big, ugly election sign on their lawn. If the people refuse, they ask them if they would consider putting a smaller sign on the lawn. The staff is using? the elaboration likelihood model. the door-in-the-face technique. a negative appeal. the foot-in-the-door technique.

the door-in-the-face technique.

Although Jeff frequently exceeds the speed limit by at least 10 mph, he justifies his behavior by erroneously thinking that most other drivers do the same. This belief best illustrates deindividuation. social loafing. the false consensus effect. the self-serving bias.

the false consensus effect.

Lily does not approve of abortion. She is shocked when she finds out how many people in her state hold pro-choice attitudes. This is an example of... groupthink. the self-fulfilling prophecy. the false consensus effect. cognitive dissonance.

the false consensus effect.

Which theory of attraction suggests that long-term relationships are likely to continue when both partners are committed and put a lot into the relationship and when there are few attractive tempting alternatives around? the investment model social exchange theory the mere exposure effect evolutionary theory

the investment model

Relatedness refers to A. the belief that one has the competence to accomplish a given goal or task. B. the need to engage in warm relations with other people. C. the sense that one can gain skills and overcome obstacles. D. the sense that one is in control of one's own life.

the need to engage in warm relations with other people

Rob and Deandra are members of a football team. Their self-esteem is greatly affected by their team's performance. They tend to compare their team with that of the opponents in order to improve their self-image. Which of the following theories best explains this scenario? the realistic conflict theory the self-perception theory the social identity theory the social exchange theory

the social identity theory

For a person to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD), he or she must have experienced a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, for at least two months. a week. two weeks. two days.

two weeks.

The ________ of an emotion refers to whether it feels pleasant or unpleasant. The ________ of an emotion is the degree to which the emotion is reflected in an individual's being active, engaged, or excited versus more passive, relatively disengaged, or calm. A.manifestation/valence B. valence/arousal level C. arousal level/valence D. valence/manifestation

valence/arousal level

The ________ is involved in reducing hunger and restricting eating A.amygdala B.prefrontal cortex C. lateral hypothalamus D. ventromedial hypothalamus

ventromedial hypothalamus

Attribution theory suggests that we feel uneasy when we notice an inconsistency between what we believe and what we do. is an explanation of how behaviors influence attitudes. is a theory of social comparison which posits that when individuals lack objective means to evaluate their opinions and abilities, they compare themselves with others. views people as motivated to discover the underlying causes of their behavior as part of their effort to make sense of the behavior.

views people as motivated to discover the underlying causes of their behavior as part of their effort to make sense of the behavior.

When Cannon and Washburn measured stomach contractions with a balloon, they found that A.when subjects report hunger, their stomach is contracting. B.when subjects report a full stomach, their stomach is contracting. C.when subjects report hunger, their stomach is relaxed. D.when subjects report a full stomach, their stomach is relaxed.

when subjects report hunger, their stomach is contracting