PSY 1300: Chapter 8: Biology

Memories of emotional events are often initiated by activation of the:

amygdala

During a basketball game, Tyree suffered a concussion. Afterward, he could not remember the game or what happened when he was treated in the hospital. Tyree was experiencing:

anterograde amnesia

Xui was daydreaming about her college plans during a boring lecture on the history of computers. She does not remember that ENIAC was the first functioning digital computer because she was not paying attention. Xui's poor memory is BEST explained in terms of:

encoding failure.

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is enhanced by the neurotransmitter:

glutamate.

Hakeem has a very clear memory of his daughter's birth. He remembers the weather, what he was wearing, the sounds in the hallway, and the joy he felt. Psychologists would say that:

he has a flashbulb memory for this event.

Some patients suffering from amnesia are incapable of recalling events. Yet they can be conditioned to blink their eyes in response to a specific sound. They have MOST likely suffered damage to the brain's _____.

hippocampus

Six-year-old Fiona has no memory of a trip she took to the hospital when she was 2 years old, yet the rest of her family recalls what happened in vivid detail. Her inability to remember this event is known as:

infantile amnesia.

Episodic memory is exemplified by one's memory for:

one's first kiss.

Storage decay

poor durability of stored memories leads to their decay

Maximizing _____ cues is a good way to improve one's memory of something.

retrieval

Ivan recently suffered a severe stroke and is no longer able to remember events from his childhood. His memory problems are related to:

retrieval failure

After studying biology all afternoon, Marcus is having difficulty remembering details of the organic chemistry material he memorized that morning. Marcus' difficulty BEST illustrates _____ interference.

retroactive

In _____ interference, information learned recently disrupts the recall of information learned earlier.

retroactive

The amygdala boosts activity in the brain's memory-forming areas when stimulated by:

stress hormones

People's environment often influences them by activating their principles through priming. This process is:

unconscious.

_____ amnesia involves an inability to form new memories.

Anterograde

Damage to the _____ would MOST likely interfere with learning a conditioned fear response to the sight of a dog that had bitten one on several occasions.

cerebellum

Which choice does NOT pair a brain structure or region with the correct memory system?

cerebellum—explicit memory

Research with the sea slug Aplysia has contributed to psychologists' understanding of not only long-term potentiation but also:

classical conditioning.

An attorney uses misleading questions to distort a court witness's recall of a previously observed crime. This BEST illustrates the _____ effect.

misinformation

Whenever Valerie experiences intense feelings of fear, she is overwhelmed with childhood memories of her abusive parents. Valerie's experience BEST illustrates:

mood-congruent memory.

Omar experienced a dissociative fugue state. He suddenly snapped out of it in front of a pet supplies display in a Boise, Idaho, discount store; he had no memory whatsoever of his previous life in Greensboro, North Carolina. Omar's amnesia is BEST described as:

retrograde

Before going home, Dr. Rosen tries to flesh out his patient notes. He can remember the first and last sessions of the day, but his memory of the middle ones is a bit fuzzy. Dr. Rosen is a victim of the _____ effect.

serial position

Several months after watching a science fiction movie about space travel and alien abduction, Steve began to remember that aliens had abducted him and had subjected him to many of the horrors portrayed in the movie. His mistaken recall BEST illustrates:

source amnesia

When people learn something while in one state (for example, when they are feeling joyful or sad), they are better able to recall that thing while in the same state. This is known as:

state-dependent memory.

When something good happens to people, the rest of their life feels more positive. This is BEST explained by:

state-dependent memory.

Retrieval failure

the inability to recall long-term memories because of inadequate or missing retrieval cues

Encoding failure

the inability to recall specific information because of insufficient encoding of the information for storage in long-term memory