PSY 1300 Smartbook 5

Match each stage of sleep with its description.

stage w: a person is awake and their EEG patterns include beta and alpha waves. stage n1: when a person is just dozing off and starting to fall asleep; may include sudden muscle movements or the sensation of falling. stage n2: no longer consciously aware of the environment; an EEG pattern will show sleep spindles stage n3: characterized by delta wave patterns in an EEG and is considered our deepest sleep stage r: an active stage of sleep characterized by REM and fast wave patterns in an EEG

* is a continuous flow of changing sensations, images, thoughts, and feelings.

stream of consciousness

Our minds can race from one idea to the next, altering our awareness of things around us. This is called *

stream of consciousness

Studies find a high frequency of alcoholism in *

the close biological relatives of alcoholics

T/F: For Francis Wilson, being unconscious was a terrifying but vital tool to save his life.

true

T/F: Individuals in a hypnotic state display a predominance of alpha and beta waves, characteristic of persons in a waking state.

true

T/F; Although recent declines in drug use are encouraging, the United States still has one of the highest rates of adolescent drug use of any industrialized nation.

true

Meditation can include *

various medical therapies, practicing yoga & taking a walk in the country side

Fast, irregular, and low-amplitude electrical activity corresponds to *

wakefulness

How much of our life does sleep take up?

1/3

According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC, 2020), nearly * million people worldwide used drugs in 2018. (Enter a numerical value.)

270

Which of the following statements is true regarding hypnosis?

Hypnosis is used for the treatment of such conditions as alcoholism, somnambulism, migraines, overeating, and smoking

Which of the following is NOT considered as depressant?

MDMA

The social cognitive behavior view of hypnosis states that hypnosis is *

a normal state in which the hypnotized person behaves the way they believe that a hypnotized person should behave

Hypnosis may be defined as *

a psychological state of altered attention and expectation

Meditation has been found to have beneficial effects for all the following EXCEPT *

academic achievement

The goal of lovingkindness meditation is the development of loving * of oneself and other people.

acceptance

Psychoactive drugs are substances that *

act on the nervous system to alter consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods

When combined with *, barbiturates can be lethal.

alcohol

A disorder that involves long-term, repeated, uncontrolled, compulsive, and excessive use of alcoholic beverages and that impairs the drinker's health and social relationships is known as *

alcoholism

Individuals in a hypnotic state display a predominance of * and * waves when monitored by an EEG.

alpha, beta

Which of the following is NOT one of the major sleep disorders?

anxiety

The anterior cingulate, which typically decreases as an individual meditates, is the brain area *

associated with conscious awareness and acts of will

The two parts of consciousness are * and *

awareness; arousal

Periodic rhythms of the body that are annual or season cycles are called * rhythms.

biological

Periodic fluctuations in the body are known as *

biological rhythms

* is an individual's awareness of external events and internal sensations under a condition of arousal

consciousness

Controlled processes are the most alert states of human *, in which individuals actively focus their efforts toward a goal.

consciousness

Sleep is a way to * energy.

conserve

The most alert states of consciousness, in which individuals actively focus their efforts toward a goal, are known as *

controlled processing

Tranquilizers, such as Valium and Xanax, are classified as * drugs that reduce anxiety and induce relaxation.

depressant

Barbiturates are *

depressant drugs that decrease central nervous system activity

Drugs that slow down mental and physical activity are *

depressants

To which drug category do tranquilizers belong?

depressants

Which psychoactive drugs slow down mental and physical activity?

depressants

When meditating, if you find that thoughts are intruding and you are no longer attending to your breathing, refocus on your breathing and say your chosen word each time you *

exhale

T/F: Left to their own devices, adolescents will sleep over 12 hours a night.

false

T/F: Your global brain workspace involves using the same part of your brain to process different levels of consciousness.

false

The first recommended step to get started with meditation is to *

find a quiet place and comfortable chair

EEG data has demonstrated that there are two stages of wakefulness * and stages of sleep.

four

The processing of awareness and arousal throughout various parts of the brain is identified as *

global brain workspace

The subjective feeling of awareness occurs in a(n) * that involves various brain areas working in parallel.

global brain workspace

Which are true of lovingkindness meditation?

goal of the practice is the loving acceptance of oneself and others, it promotes the development of friendliness and compassion & it leads to feelings of social connection.

* may be defined as a psychological state of altered attention and expectation, in which the individual is unusually receptive to suggestions.

hypnosis

Using fMRI, researchers have determined that the switch to meditation involves *

initial increases in activation in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex and decreases in the anterior cingulate

Match each of the major sleep disorders with their descriptions.

insomnia: difficulties falling asleep, waking up during the middle of the night, or waking up too early sleepwalking: occurs during the deepest stages of sleep and is also called somnambulism night terrors: sudden arousal from sleep with intense fears and includes symptoms similar to a panic attack narcolepsy: sudden urge to sleep sleep apnea: a disorder characterized by moments of stopped breathing during sleep

Which of the following were reported as contributing factors to loneliness?

lack of sleep over time & disturbed sleep

Which of the following does the book not mention as a problem that hypnosis has been applied to?

mania

* * is a dream's surface content.

manifest content

A person had a dream of being a rock star. The dream content that the person remembers where the person was singing on stage to an audience is an example of *

manifest content

* involves attaining a peaceful state of mind in which thoughts are not occupied by worry.

meditation

Mindfulness * is a technique practiced by yoga enthusiasts to control pain and isolate from emotional responses.

meditation

What are the major sleep disorders?

nightmares and night terrors, sleepwalking and sleep talking, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, insomnia

There is a * (positive/negative) correlation between loneliness, disturbed sleep, and social functioning.

positive

* drugs are drugs that act on the nervous system to alter consciousness, modify perceptions, and change mood.

psychoactive

The main effect of tranquilizers is that they *

reduce anxiety and induce relaxation

* is a natural state of rest for the body and mind that involves the reversible loss of consciousness.

sleep

A natural state of rest for the body and mind that takes up more time than anything else we do is called *

sleep

Which of the following is NOT a theory regarding the need for sleep?

sleep is a way to build creativity through dreams

Having one's weekday and weekend sleep schedules drastically at odds is sometimes referred to as * jet lag.

social

In the * * * view of hypnosis, hypnosis is a normal state in which the hypnotized person behaves the way they believe that a hypnotized person should behave.

social cognitive behavior

The opening chapter example of Francis Wilson's unconsciousness experience shows one person's experience after contracting *

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