PSY 201 Chapter 10 practice questions

The basic speech sounds of a language are called __________. morphemes syntax grammar phonemes

phonemes

Anthropologists have suggested that a critical mutation of the FOXP-2 gene that occurred approximately ________ years ago marked the start of the modern use of language. 1 million 50,000 250,000 100,000

100,000

If a 10-year-old girl is assessed as having a mental age of 13, what would her intelligence quotient be according to the formula used by Terman? 166 130 110 66

130

In order for a person to be described as gifted, her IQ would have to be at or above ______. 145 130 115 100

130

IQ scores are typically assumed to have a normal distribution with a mean, or average, score of 100 and a standard deviation of ______ points. 10 4 15 8

15

In what year was the first description of a patient with dyslexia published? 1896 1963 1921 1946

1896

In what year did the first formalized intelligence test get put into practice? 1958 1912 1931 1904

1904

Among the longest running studies of those children who were gifted was one that began in _____, and found that their intellectual gift predicted many positive outcomes later in life. 1965 1921 1986 1948

1921

Those who have an IQ that is assessed to be between _____ and _____ may suffer from a moderate intellectual disability. 55; 70 0; 25 25; 40 40; 55

40; 55

Human beings are capable of producing over ______ phonemes, which are the basic units of spoken sound in a language. 500 50 200 100

500

Among these individuals, who would be considered the earliest pioneer in the field of intelligence testing? Lewis Terman Robert Sternberg Alfred Binet Charles Spearman

Alfred Binet

Which of the following persons is responsible for the development and design of the first useful individual test of intelligence in 1904? David Wechsler Alfred Binet Howard Gardner Sigmund Freud

Alfred Binet

What was the name of the computer that was programmed to play the game Go against several human champions and defeated several of them? AlphaGo Deep Blue TK421 GoExcel

AlphaGo

In what way do adults tend to learn concepts? Through the modeling of others. Through positive and negative reinforcement. Through maturation, as concepts evolve naturally as we age. By learning and forming conceptual rules.

By learning and forming conceptual rules.

The idea of generalized intelligence was advocated most strongly by ____. Charles Spearman Robert Sternberg Alfred Binet Howard Gardner

Charles Spearman

What historical figure is most closely associated to the two-factor theory of intelligence? Lewis Terman Alfred Binet Charles Spearman Clarence Thomas

Charles Spearman

At middle age, one can expect both crystallized and fluid intelligences to increase with a slight decline in both with advanced age. fluid intelligence to slowly decline and crystallized intelligence to increase or decline very little. both crystallized and fluid intelligences to decline rapidly. crystallized intelligence to decline rapidly and fluid intelligence to increase or decline very little.

fluid intelligence to slowly decline and crystallized intelligence to increase or decline very little.

Of those listed below, the highest positive correlation between the IQ scores of relatives would occur between siblings close in age (within two years) reared together. identical twins reared apart. fraternal twins reared together. parents and their children.

fraternal twins reared together.

Brain imaging studies confirm the important role of which of the following areas of the brain in the more complex behaviors involved in intelligence? frontal lobes parietal lobes limbic system reticular formation

frontal lobes

If you have ever been without a screwdriver and took a dime out of your pocket and used it to loosen a screw, then you did not let which of the following be a barrier to your thinking? functional fixedness heuristics. personal biases. algorithms.

functional fixedness

The nature-nurture question contemplates the contribution of ____ and ____ to the development of intelligence. cultural factors; family environment genetic factors; environmental factors wealth; education skull size; brain size

genetic factors; environmental factors

One function of concepts is that they allow us to ____. form heuristics more accurately predict how other people will behave relearn things group things into categories and then effectively organize them in memory

group things into categories and then effectively organize them in memory

American Sign Language has a spatial grammar and syntax. is a pantomimed code. is all of these. is the only true gestural language in the world.

has a spatial grammar and syntax.

As you are driving to your friend's new apartment, you realize that you forgot the address of the apartment building. You know that the apartment is north of his old apartment. As you drive down the street where his old apartment is, you begin looking at the signs: Azalea Drive, Oak Circle, Peach Tree Street, and Sycamore Drive. You remember that the apartment is on a Drive, not a street or circle, which narrows down the possibilities and illustrates your use of a(n) algorithm. random search strategy. heuristic. intuition.

heuristic.

Having been a college professor for over 30 years, James, who is 58 years old, has been described as a little "slower on the uptake" than when he was younger. However, he also tends to "know the ropes" regarding his job better than when he was younger. This would mean that James is low in both fluid and crystallized intelligence. high in fluid intelligence and low in crystallized intelligence. high in crystallized intelligence and low in fluid intelligence. high in both fluid and crystallized intelligence.

high in crystallized intelligence and low in fluid intelligence.

Using IQ scores as the sole measure of giftedness identifies only persons from upper socioeconomic levels. is the quickest way to identify creative individuals. ignores special talents. ignores the poor adjustment that characterizes such persons.

ignores the poor adjustment that characterizes such persons.

Socioeconomic status ____. is negatively correlated with IQ bears no apparent relationship with IQ is positively correlated with IQ bears a causal relationship with IQ

is positively correlated with IQ

Which of the following, in English, can be either a phoneme or a morpheme? a sh ly r

ly

The childhood ability to directly access visual images may be overwritten or interfered with by the development of ____. greater hormonal regulation more sophisticated language skills more mature brain structures long-term potentiation in neurons

more sophisticated language skills

Little Mickey says, "Wook at the wabbit." Mickey is having trouble with the "l" and "r" speech sounds, which would be classified as a __________ problem. phoneme morpheme transformational syntax

phoneme

An "environmental factor" accounting for the racial differences in IQ scores would focus on ____. poverty's impact biological factors hormonal differences genetic differences

poverty's impact

Carol is given a beautiful, unique glass container with a curved handle. Whether she decides that this container is a decorative vase, bowl, or cup will be determined by her comparison of this container to prototypes. a series of negative instances. algorithms. semantic differentials.

prototypes.

Cognitive psychology, as a specialty in the field, focuses most of its attention on three areas, including all but which of the following? psychopathology thinking intelligence language

psychopathology

n contrast to prototypes, exemplars are ____. real not accurate abstract complex

real

Heuristics are problem-solving strategies which reduce the number of alternatives. guarantee success in solving a problem. use an algorithmic approach. use rote learning strategies.

reduce the number of alternatives.

Max, an attorney, is attending a hearing at the federal courthouse. He opens the courthouse door for a young woman with a tattoo on her forearm. When Max enters the room of the hearing, he is stunned to see that the assigned judge is the same woman. Max had applied the ____. representativeness heuristic recognition heuristic availability heuristic affect heuristic

representativeness heuristic

The tendency to select wrong answers because they seem to match preexisting mental categories is referred to as the framing heuristic. affect heuristic recognition heuristic. representativeness heuristic.

representativeness heuristic

According to the textbook, what cognitive strategy do children use that adults may be less capable of? thinking creatively considering thoughts in a bidirectional way scanning a mental replica of an image they recently saw using both inductive and deductive reasoning at the same time

scanning a mental replica of an image they recently saw

A heuristic is a(n) ____. precise, step-by-step set of rules that will reliably generate a solution to a problem technique to improve memory and mental processing analytical technique based on self-knowledge and self-reflection shortcut to problem solving, also known as a "rule of thumb"

shortcut to problem solving, also known as a "rule of thumb"

A ________ is a set of facts and relationships between facts that can be used to explain and predict phenomena. theory concept hypothesis category

theory

The word "cognition" derives from the Latin cogito, which means ________. reasoning conjecture to think intelligence

to think

According to ________ theory, decision making occurs when we weigh the potential outcomes of each choice and select the one that has the most favorable likely consequence. Kantian utility economics factor analysis

utility

Devorah is trying to decide what she should study in college. She considers several different majors and selects the one that she feels she is most likely to complete and will give her the best job prospects after college. Devorah is making her decision based on ________ theory. utility System II System I exemplar

utility

What are the qualities that each intelligence test should have? standardization and ease of administration psychometric predictability validity and reliability applicability to any and all potential test takers

validity and reliability

According to the text, when young Isabella is told a story about a dog, she will process the information ________. auditorily visually with her haptic sense according to the different conceptual levels of a dog

visually

Professor Booth calls on Jessamyn to state the definition of "intelligence." She responds by describing intelligence as "the ability to understand complex ideas, adapt effectively to the environment, learn from experience, communicate quickly and efficiently, and overcome obstacles." Which part of her definition is the least likely component of intelligence? Understand complex ideas. Adapt effectively to the environment. Overcome obstacles. Communicate quickly and efficiently.

Communicate quickly and efficiently.

Which of the following IQ test questions is most likely to be culturally biased? 4 + 4 = _________. 57 - 3 =____________. Cup is to saucer as _________ is to doily. Pink is to red as tan is to __________.

Cup is to saucer as _________ is to doily.

When considering the issue of mental imagery, which task should take you the longest? Imagining a trip from Los Angeles to Paris. Understanding the image that you are seeing on a television screen. Deciding what time to go to bed. Picturing a person washing a car window.

Imagining a trip from Los Angeles to Paris.

You are a student at Stanford University, and you work in the laboratory of the psychologist who was responsible for developing and releasing the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. For whom do you work? David Wechsler Theodore Simon Lewis Terman William Stern

Lewis Terman

_____ refers to the representation of any sensory experience sotred in memory. Mental image Concept formation Cognition Prototype

Mental image

What is the intent of modern IQ tests? Being the determining factor in the diagnosis of an intellectual disability Job placement Identifying the total, complex construct of an individual's intelligence Predicting school performance

Predicting school performance

Which psychologist proposed a triarchic theory of three different kinds of intelligence? Robert Sternberg Charles Spearman Howard Gardner James Rogers

Robert Sternberg

The original intelligence test of Alfred Binet was revised and released in the United States at ________ University. Harvard Stanford Yale Cornell

Stanford

Todd decides to create a matching game to study his psychology concepts. He pulls a card that asks "What is best defined as the manipulation of mental representations?" Todd thinks for a minute before he remembers the answer is Logic. Thinking. Perception. Language.

Thinking.

Along with the Stanford-Binet test, the most frequently used intelligence test in the world is the ________. WAIS K-ABC MMPI-2 CPI

WAIS

To Alfred Binet, mental age refers to ____. the age at which the average child should be able to pass his test a child's mental abilities in comparison to the "average" child the age level at which a child should score based on the child's chronological age a child's intelligence quotient

a child's mental abilities in comparison to the "average" child

A student who takes a multiple-choice test by reading the stem of each item, looking for key words, and generating a tentative response before looking at the responses. This helps the student narrow down the possible answers. This student is using an algorithmic search strategy. a heuristic. vicarious problem-solving. a semantic differential strategy.

a heuristic.

Exemplars are to ____ as prototypes are to ____. similarities; differences natural concepts; formal concepts elements that stand out; subtle elements actual examples; typical members

actual examples; typical members

A rule of thumb in which we make a decision based on an emotional or "gut" reaction to stimuli is called the ________ heuristic. stereotyping attributional divergence affect

affect

Algorithms can thought of as "____" as heuristics can be thought of as "____". ill-structured; well-structured always correct; may not be correct insightful; procedures a quick process; a slow process

always correct; may not be correct

The most common emotional disorders that affect those with an intellectual disability include all but which of the following? impulsiveness mood disorders anger issues anxiety

anger issues

When your friend remarks pessimistically that crime is increasing (Did you see that gruesome murder on the news last night?), you recognize the operation of the ____. recognition heuristic availability heuristic prototype theory representativeness heuristic

availability heuristic

What statistical technique was used by Charles Spearman as he developed his theory of general intelligence? factor analysis the general lineal model analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) analysis of variance (ANOVA)

factor analysis

Problem solving can best be represented as a(n) ______. flow chart Venn diagram string diagram linear process

flow chart

According to current research, the brain has ____. complex pathways for processing language that connect Broca's and Wernicke's areas to the amygdala and hippocampus only two main language centers, Broca's area and Wernicke's area at least four main language centers, including Broca's area, Wernicke's area, the amygdala, and the hippocampus complex pathways for processing language that connect Broca's and Wernicke's areas to other cortical areas involved in cognition

complex pathways for processing language that connect Broca's and Wernicke's areas to other cortical areas involved in cognition

Children who grow up in a home that is bilingual will ____. struggle to learn both of those languages because the two languages will create confusion struggle more in school and are generally less creative learn one language well but struggle with the language that is less dominant in the broader culture develop a high level of proficiency with both languages

develop a high level of proficiency with both languages

If you compare the brain of a person with dyslexia to the brain of a person without this condition, what would you be most likely to notice? differences in activity levels in the diencephalon differences in the symmetry of their cerebral hemispheres different levels of neurotransmission across the entire brain differences in the thickness of the corpus callosa

differences in the symmetry of their cerebral hemispheres

An argument for general intellience theories can be made because: purely cognitive abilities often show high correlations with each other. research finds that education does not have an appreciable impact on individual IQ scores. chromosomal abnormalities can explain intellectual deficits but not intellectual superiority. even those without any formal education can demonstrate incredible intellectual gifts.

even those without any formal education can demonstrate incredible intellectual gifts.

Four-year-old Carlie sees an animal outside. She considers her family pet at home, using it as a(n) _____ to correctly name the animal a "dog." concept mental image prototype exemplar

exemplar

Which approach to concept formation gives the best way to think about the variations that exist within a specific category (e.g., knowing that there are many different kinds of dogs, cars, or fruits)? overapping features prototypes dictionary definitions exemplars

exemplars