PSY 210

Kelechi is thrilled that Nigeria has performed well in the World Cup. At every opportunity, he brags about the sports prowess of his home team. This group identification is also known as which of the following? A. Basking in reflected glory B. Cutting off reflected failure C. In-grouping D. Group self-esteem

A. Basking in reflected glory

Why are women who express sexism against men less criticized? A. Because women are in a lower-status group B. Because women are nicer than men C. It is not possible for women to be sexist against men. D. Because it is usually not taken seriously

A. Because women are in a lower-status group

What do we call members of a research team who use deception to fool participants into thinking they are also participants when they are really part of the research team? A. Confederates B. Misinformers C. False participants D. Decoy participants

A. Confederates

Using strong arguments to shift voters' attitudes is a strategy used by what political party? A. Democrats B. Republicans C. Independents D. Liberals

A. Democrats

In a study designed to test whether violent TV has an effect on aggression in children, aggression is the ______________ variable. A. Dependent B. Extraneous C. Subject D. Independent

A. Dependent

Which of the following is NOT likely to be an example of a communal relationship? A. Employees B. Friends C. Intimate Relationships D. Family

A. Employees

False confessions are thought to occur due to what type of compliance? A. External and internal compliance B. Length of interrogation and pressure C. Only external factors lead to confessions. D. Foot-in-the-door and door-in-the-face techniques

A. External and internal compliance

___________ is the tendency to overestimate the impact of dispositional causes and underestimate the impact of situational causes on other people's behavior. A. Fundamental attribution error B. Optimistic explanatory style C. Negative attribution D. Pessimistic explanatory style

A. Fundamental attribution error

Cognitive dissonance is a theory about consistency in human thought and actions that was developed by _________. A. Leon Festinger B. Stanley Milgram C. Sigmund Freud D. Solomon Asch

A. Leon Festinger

What country has the highest murder rate in the world? A. Mexico B. The U.S. C. Ecuador D. Zimbabwe

A. Mexico

Research shows that the reason men disclose less than women is that for them, revealing tender and vulnerable feelings invites which of the following? A. Negative evaluations from both men and women B. Negative evaluations from women only C. Positive evaluations from both men and women D. Negative evaluations from men only

A. Negative evaluations from both men and women

Internet-based research has all but which of the following advantages? A. Participants tend to be older than the general population. B. Cross-cultural research is facilitated. C. Studies can be run without the presence of a researcher. D. It is less expensive to collect data.

A. Participants tend to be older than the general population.

In trying to guess someone's intergroup status, we primarily rely on which of the following? A. Physical cues B. Verbal cues C. Background Information D. The definition of the situation

A. Physical cues

A student is assumed to be a teacher in a class because she appears to be older than the average student and is wearing formal clothes. This a result of which of the following? A. Representativeness heuristic B. Availability heuristic C. Adjustment heuristic D. Anchoring heuristic

A. Representativeness heuristic

What heuristic tendency is the opposite of stereotyping? A. Representativeness heuristic B. Adjustment heuristic C. Availability heuristic D. Anchoring heuristic

A. Representativeness heuristic

According to the threat-to-self-esteem model, what might help-takers feel toward help-givers? A. Resentment if they cannot reciprocate B. Anger toward one's self at being unable to help C. Gratefulness for the help given D. Happiness that someone else understands the problem

A. Resentment if they cannot reciprocate

Observing our own behavior and then inferring attitudes as a result is a main premise of what theory? A. Self-perception theory B. Cognitive dissonance theory C. Theory of planned behavior D. Self-esteem theory

A. Self-perception theory

What theory was extended by Schachter's research on anxiety? A. Social comparison theory B. Social affiliation theory C. Social exchange theory D. Social likability theory

A. Social comparison theory

Situational control is dependent on three factors. What are they? A. The leader's relations with the group, task structure, and the leader's position power B. The leader's patience with the group, task time, and the leader's position power C. The leader's patience with the group, task structure, and the leader's position power D. The leader's bloodline with the group, task structure, and the leader's position power

A. The leader's relations with the group, task structure, and the leader's position power

How a group comes to a decision depends on which of the following? A. What kind of decision it is making B. Who is making the decision C. When it is making a decision D. Where the decision is being made

A. What kind of decision it is making

For punishment to be effective, it must be relatively strong, prompt, and _________. A. consistently applied B. physical C. lawful D. psychological

A. consistently applied

Research suggests that groups with _______ members are less prone to groupthink than a group with a homogenized membership. A. diverse B. affluent C. high turnover in its D. youthful

A. diverse

Individuals who have low self-esteem rate themselves _____________. A. neutrally B. very negatively C. positively D. negatively

A. neutrally

Betty went with her friend to try on prom dresses at the mall. Her friend came out in a horrendous gown. Her friend exclaimed that she loved the dress. Betty agreed that it was beautiful out of kindness, but did not hide a look of shock when her friend initially walked out of the fitting room. This reaction is an example of ___________. A. nonverbal leakage B. given expressions C. nonconscious mimicry D. internal attribution

A. nonverbal leakage

Detecting people's temporary states and enduring dispositions is done in the process of _____________. A. person perception B. psychological analysis C. Neither Answer Applies D. personal discovery

A. person perception

The most representative member of a category is called a _______ A. prototype B. script C. stereotype D. schema

A. prototype

What is the most common form of rape on college campuses? A. Friend rape B. Acquaintance rape C. Interpersonal rape D. Personal rape

B. Acquaintance rape

When our friends and family get the "wrong impression of us," what do we consciously do to our self-presentation? A. Ignore and conceal B. Attend to and regulate C. Regulate and ignore D. Ignore and enhance

B. Attend to and regulate

Which of the following is NOT an IRB guideline? A. Procedures for debriefing B. Compensation rules C. Informed consent D. Confidentiality

B. Compensation rules

____________ and __________ are two cognitive strategies that humans use to interact with their social world. A. Effortless thinking; cognitive dissonance B. Effortless thinking; effortful thinking C. Effortful thinking; doing D. Effortless thinking; doing

B. Effortless thinking; effortful thinking

____________developed the most influential theory of attitude consistency. A. Mead B. Festinger C. Gestalt D. Wells

B. Festinger

Journals that show a bias in publishing studies with significant as opposed to non-significant results are displaying what type of bias? A. Censoring Bias B. File-drawer effect C. Self-serving Bias D. Replication Bias

B. File-drawer effect

The rate of rape crimes appears to be shaped by social disorganization and which of the following? A. Sexually violent media B. Hyper-masculinity C. Legalized prostitution D. Relaxation of laws regarding pornography

B. Hyper-masculinity

_________ is when someone harbors prejudice against a group, but is unaware of it. A. Hidden bias B. Implicit prejudice C. Unaware bias D. Explicit prejudice

B. Implicit prejudice

Which of the following countries would most likely have more relationship-oriented leaders? A. Canada B. India C. The United States D. Great Britian

B. India

What are the two types of issues that groups tackle in decision making? A. Intellectual and substantive B. Intellective and judgmental C. Incremental and substantive D. Incremental and judgmental

B. Intellective and judgmental

What kind of harm is produced by aggression? A. Consequential B. Intentional C. Accidental D. Incidental

B. Intentional

Which of the following is cited as a limitation to web-based research in the text? A. They are expensive. B. Internet users are more likely to be white, young, and have children, thus not representing the population. C. They don't sample enough participants. D. It allows the ability to conduct cross-cultural research that recruits participants from all over the world.

B. Internet users are more likely to be white, young, and have children, thus not representing the population.

What is the term used to describe the desire to approach other people? A. Social comparison B. Interpersonal attraction C. Social exchange D. The need to belong

B. Interpersonal attraction

What does loneliness tend to do as people age? A. It increases and becomes acute in old age. B. It tends to decrease until relatively late in life. C. It depends more on gender and social networks. D. It increases with each decade and then decreases late in life.

B. It tends to decrease until relatively late in life.

Consider two people standing at an airport, both having missed their flights. Rhonda missed her plane by an hour, while Jesse missed his plane by two minutes. According to the principles of counterfactual thinking, what are their reactions likely to be? A. Rhonda is more likely to self-reflect. B. Jesse is more upset than Rhonda. C. Rhonda is more likely to alter her behavior. D. Rhonda is more upset than Jesse.

B. Jesse is more upset than Rhonda.

What may happen if aggressive behavior is punished with violent means? A. Extinction of aggressive behavior B. More aggression C. No effect D. Aggressive tendencies curbed

B. More aggression

According to realistic group conflict theory, what two important changes occur as a result of such conflict? A. Less hostility and more tolerance begins to develop. B. More hostility toward the outgroup and more intense group loyalty develops. C. More ingroup hostility develops and less loyalty occurs. D. Less group loyalty and defection to the outgroup occurs.

B. More hostility toward the outgroup and more intense group loyalty develops.

It is possible to measure _______ using brain-imaging techniques, such as EKG, MRI, or CAT scans. A. Actual behavior B. Neural activity C. Implicit measures D. Virtual responses

B. Neural activity

What study introduced the scientific method into the social sciences? A. Wundt's study of folk psychology in 1852 B. Norman Triplett's study of children and fishing reels in 1897 C. Cooley's study of children at play in 1879 D. The logical positivist study of behaviorism in 1877

B. Norman Triplett's study of children and fishing reels in 1897

What is the tendency to consider one's partner's point of view when arguing? A. Negative reciprocity cycle B. Perspective taking C. Positive reciprocity cycle D. Perspective giving

B. Perspective taking

Violent video games have effects aside from increasing aggressive tendencies. What are they? A. Reduced concentration and increased absence from school B. Reduced empathy and willingness to help C. Increased depression and loss of self-esteem D. Loss of appetite and increased stress

B. Reduced empathy and willingness to help

The tale of "tragedy of the commons" describes what type of social dilemma? A. Mixed motives B. Resource dilemma C. Freedom dilemma D. Free-rider problem

B. Resource dilemma

In the investigation phase of group membership, the group seeks people who seem likely to attain group goals, and prospective members do which of the following? A. Seek individuals within a group that satisfy social needs B. Seek groups that provide the opportunity to satisfy personal needs C. Seek individuals within a group that are similar to themselves D. Seek groups that provide the opportunity to satisfy society's needs

B. Seek groups that provide the opportunity to satisfy personal needs

How does the text describe the difference between sex and gender? A. Sex is about males and females, and gender is about every type of identity including transgender. B. Sex is genetically constructed, and gender is culturally constructed. C. There is very little difference between these terms. D. Sex is a set of private behaviors, and gender is identity driven.

B. Sex is genetically constructed, and gender is culturally constructed.

_______ is the cognitive component in understanding intergroup conflict and intolerance. A. Racism B. Stereotyping C. Prejudice D. Discrimination

B. Stereotyping

How do social psychological organizations outside the United States differ from those in America? A. More emphasis in the United States is placed on child development. B. The emphasis in Europe and Asia is placed more on intergroup and societal variables in explaining social behavior than in the U.S. C. There is more historical context placed on understanding human behavior in Europe, Asia, and Latin America. D. Mapping of the human genome is more important in Europe as an explanation for human behavior.

B. The emphasis in Europe and Asia is placed more on intergroup and societal variables in explaining social behavior than in the U.S.

Norman Triplett was known for what research? A. Research on science that included both social and political variables B. The first social psychology experiment showing how performance on a task changes when other people are present C. Developing an overarching theory that bridged the gap between psychological and physiological social psychology D. Studies confirming that people were highly emotional

B. The first social psychology experiment showing how performance on a task changes when other people are present

____________ is a technique to measure implicit attitudes. A. Rosenberg's self-esteem scale B. The implicit association test C. The dual-attitude test D. Psychotherapy

B. The implicit association test

Meta-analysis is defined as which of the following? A. Repeating a study's scientific procedures using different participants in an attempt to duplicate findings B. The use of statistical techniques to summarize results from similar studies to estimate reliability and the overall size of the effect C. Learning about research so journals are more likely to publish results with significant findings D. Explanations that show how things in the world relate to one another and how they operate

B. The use of statistical techniques to summarize results from similar studies to estimate reliability and the overall size of the effect

Studies from psychiatrist John Bowlby proposed that attachment is part of many species' genetic heritages. What is true of infants who cling to or remain close to their parents? A. They are better protected from predators because they learn to defend themselves. B. They are better protected from predators, and thus, stand a better chance of surviving to adulthood. C. They are better protected from predators because they learn how to hide. D. They are less protected from predators, and thus, stand a worse chance of surviving to adulthood.

B. They are better protected from predators, and thus, stand a better chance of surviving to adulthood.

Why would someone who has experienced profound loss be less likely to help in a bystander situation? A. Because of resentment B. They are self-focused and don't notice others' needs. C. They don't help less; they actually help more. D. To improve their mood and forget about the tragedy

B. They are self-focused and don't notice others' needs.

How do social psychologists define the "hot" approach to behavioral affect? A. The idea that temper can be a healthy alternative to suppressing feelings B. When people act due to needs, desires, and emotions C. When people are more goal-oriented than emotionally driven D. When people use rational logic to guide their behavior

B. When people act due to needs, desires, and emotions

The habitual degree to which stimulation produces arousal of the central nervous system is called _________. A. social connectedness B. arousability C. central nervous function D. evolution

B. arousability

The ___________ refers to the frequency with which some event or pattern occurs in the general population. This is important qualifying information that the representativeness heuristic tendency ignores. A. counterfactual average B. base rate C. bottom rate D. median number

B. base rate

Suzy exclaimed, "I saw that coming" after her friend Diana fell. Suzy's comment is an example of ___________. A. 20/20 vision B. hindsight bias C. counterfactual thinking D. selective memory

B. hindsight bias

Programs that tap into unconscious thoughts and feelings are ______________. A. EKG tests B. implicit association tests C. MRI technology D. CAT scans

B. implicit association tests

People think, feel and act more like group members and less like isolated individuals when social cohesion __________________. A. is unchanged B. increases C. is absent D. decreases

B. increases

When plotting the average group size in primate species, as the _____________ size of monkeys' and apes' brains increase relative to other brain areas, the average size of a primate species' social group also increases. A. pre-frontal lobe B. neocortex C. central sulcus D. medulla

B. neocortex

Jack saw his little brother be put in "time out" whenever he sassed his mom at the dinner table. Jack decided not to be sassy in order to avoid that same punishment. This is an example of ___________. A. subliminal learning B. observational learning C. classical conditioning D. positive reinforcement

B. observational learning

Tirso is constantly worried about his performance when playing basketball. He is obsessed with winning every game. Tirso is engaging in _______________. A. self-esteem B. self-consciousness C. self-glorification D. self-realization

B. self-consciousness

Social psychology's essential message is that all humans are ______________________. A. antisocial B. social animals C. predatory D. selfish

B. social animals

In choosing between greater control and greater realism in experiments, some researchers believe that using _________ will help. A. implicit association tests B. virtual environment technology C. brain-imaging technology D. the Internet

B. virtual environment technology

What social psychological theory illustrates the maxim, "The more you pay for something, the more you will like it"? A. Cognitive consistency B. Cognitive harmony C. Cognitive dissonance D. Cognitive discord

C. Cognitive dissonance

__________ experiments are experiments that are done in natural settings. A. Laboratory B. Ethnographic C. Field D. Non-scientific

C. Field

What are the three major factors that contribute to groupthink? A. High group cohesiveness, a benign situational context and structural/procedural strengths B. Low group cohesiveness, a benign situational context, and structural/procedural faults C. High group cohesiveness, a threatening situational context, and structural/procedural faults D. Low group cohesiveness, a threatening situational context, and structural/procedural faults

C. High group cohesiveness, a threatening situational context, and structural/procedural faults

What did the Robbers Cave study illustrate when two groups are brought into competition? A. Both groups prefer to work together rather than against each other. B. How easy it is to collaborate when leaders emerge C. How easily hostility can develop between groups who are competing D. Competition is a natural reaction to group formation.

C. How easily hostility can develop between groups who are competing

Amanda hides her friend's shoes before soccer tryouts so she will have a better chance at making the team. What kind of aggression is this? A. Hostile B. Intentional C. Instrumental D. Accidental

C. Instrumental

_________ place a higher value on physically attractive partners. A. Older women B. Lesbians C. Men D. Young women

C. Men

What have we learned about human aggression from twin studies? A. Genetics play no role in human aggression. B. Inheritance is the only factor in aggression. C. Most likely, individual aggressiveness is partly due to inheritance. D. Genetics play the largest role in determining aggressiveness in humans.

C. Most likely, individual aggressiveness is partly due to inheritance.

Preconceived ideas held by the researcher that affect the results of the experiment are called ________. A. Invalidity B. Problems with reliability C. Observer bias D. Extraneous bias

C. Observer bias

Festinger's classic study on cults utilized what method of data collection? A. Naturalistic observation B. Correlational study C. Participant observation D. Double blind placebo control trial

C. Participant observation

What is the affective component in understanding intergroup conflict and intolerance? A. Discrimination B. Stereotyping C. Prejudice D. Racism

C. Prejudice

Although Frederica was born in Italy, she identifies more as an American since she emigrated as a baby. What does this exemplify? A. Achieved ethnic identity B. Examined ethnic identity C. Unexamined ethnic identity D. Ethnic identity search

C. Unexamined ethnic identity

If a person says, "I'm lonely because I don't know anyone here, but things will get better," what sort of causal attribution are they making? A. Unstable/internal B. Internal/stable C. Unstable/external D. Stable/external

C. Unstable/external

What is NOT an example of someone disengaging from self-awareness? A. Lashing out in anger B. Stereotyping C. Waiting on a friend for 30 minutes D. Running into the street away from a barking dog

C. Waiting on a friend for 30 minutes

Joe blamed his poor performance on the SAT by saying it was a biased test, but he blamed his friend Sara's poor performance on lack of preparation. This type of attribution is called _______. A. commination attribution B. recency effect C. actor-observer effect D. fundamental attribution error

C. actor-observer effect

Attempting to change attitudes via the transmission of some message is referred to as ____________. A. attitude shift B. convincing C. persuasion D. counterargument

C. persuasion

The groups we use to judge ourselves and orient ourselves in the world are called_______________. A. idiocultures B. subcultural groups C. reference groups D. identity groups

C. reference groups

An attribute that discredits a person in the eyes of others is called a __________. A. prejudice B. stereotype C. stigma D. racism

C. stigma

Humans as young as _________ begin mimicking facial expressions. A. 9 months B. 1 year C. 3 years D. 1 month

D. 1 month

What do we call opposition to social influence on all occasions? A. Dissonance B. Dissent C. Reactance D. Anticonformity

D. Anticonformity

Every scientific journey, at its core, makes which of the following assumptions? A. When replicating a study, research may need to be completely re-evaluated and a theory may be discarded. B. Researchers become aware of the meta-analysis effect that may contradict previous results. C. Studies using different methods lead to radically different results, and therefore may not be valid. D. Any theory can be modified or completely discarded if new evidence calls its validity into question.

D. Any theory can be modified or completely discarded if new evidence calls its validity into question.

How would a social psychologist describe the "cold" approach in describing behavioral affect? A. "Cold" people work at eliminating all emotions in social interactions. B. People's actions are principally influenced by the rational analysis of choices facing them in particular situations. C. Instead of being "hot headed," a "cold" person would be less involved in emotional decision making. D. Behavior is based on a cold systematic analysis of facts without any emotional consideration.

D. Behavior is based on a cold systematic analysis of facts without any emotional consideration.

What do you call the five-step decision-making process involved in helping during an emergency incident? A. Emergency help model B. Intervention crises management C. Helping model of behavior D. Bystander intervention model

D. Bystander intervention model

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of passionate love? A. Stomach in a knot B. Warmth in the body C. Body rush D. Clarity of mind

D. Clarity of mind

Joe became aggressive due to the heat wave last summer. Which of the following can explain this? A. Catharsis B. Frustration-aggression hypothesis C. Passive-aggressive model D. Cognitive-neoassociation model

D. Cognitive-neoassociation model

Which culture tends to be more conforming? A. Large tribes B. Small ethnic subcultures C. Individualist cultures D. Collectivist cultures

D. Collectivist cultures

Social cognition that involves automatic, effortless thinking and another that involves more deliberate, effortful thinking is called which of the following? A. Competitive advantage between rivals B. "Hot" and "cold" approaches to behavioral affect C. Emotional versus rational thinking. D. Dual-process thinking

D. Dual-process thinking

When two independent variables combined have a different effect on the dependent variable than each one alone, what is it called? A. Internal validity B. Random effects C. Experimental error D. Interaction effect

D. Interaction effect

When people express the notion that the world is a fair and equitable place and that people get what they deserve, what theory are they using? A. The world is fair hypothesis B. The fairness model C. Equity model D. Just-world belief

D. Just-world belief

We are attracted to people who are similar to us. What is that called? A. Norm of similarity B. Like hypothesis C. Similarity effect D. Matching hypothesis

D. Matching hypothesis

Schachter's research on anxiety illustrated what saying? A. The early bird gets the worm. B. Don't count your chickens before they hatch. C. The higher you go, the farther you fall. D. Misery loves company.

D. Misery loves company.

Which of the following is NOT an important contributing factor in a deindividuated state? A. Anonymity B. Arousal C. Diffused responsibility D. Notoriety

D. Notoriety

When Milgram's study was replicated 40 years later, what did researchers discover? A. People are now less obedient than 40 years ago. B. People are more obedient now than they were then. C. Men were less likely than women to obey. D. Obedience levels are about the same as they were 40 years ago.

D. Obedience levels are about the same as they were 40 years ago.

Which of the following is an example of deindividuation, causing antisocial behavior? A. A group of people ride their motorcycles together B. Families clap loudly at a graduation C. Onlookers do the wave at a football game D. Onlookers goad someone who is threatening suicide

D. Onlookers goad someone who is threatening suicide

What have been two of the most common explanations for the group polarization effect? A. Positive outcomes and social comparison B. Persuasive arguments and social loafing C. Persuasive outcomes and social loafing D. Persuasive arguments and social comparison

D. Persuasive arguments and social comparison

What did Schachter find about rejection by a group when there are only one or two nonconformists? A. Rejection never happens. B. Rejection is less likely. C. If there are many nonconformists, the group rejects the first results. D. Rejection is more likely.

D. Rejection is more likely.

What can reduce stereotypical thinking? A. Understanding B. Open mindedness C. Knowledge D. Self-regulation

D. Self-regulation

As a cognitive process, what is one major purpose stereotypes serve? A. Stereotypes allow us to quickly figure out what categories people actually belong to. B. Stereotypes allow us to subconsciously process information with very little thought. C. They help us control bias by simplifying cognitive categories. D. Stereotypes provide a fast basis for immediate action in uncertain circumstances.

D. Stereotypes provide a fast basis for immediate action in uncertain circumstances.

In Schachter's study on anxiety using female college students, what was the dependent variable? A. Anxiety B. Electrical shocks C. Gender D. The choice of being with someone or alone

D. The choice of being with someone or alone

Being socially accepted and needing to interact with others is called ______________. A. Social comparison B. Interpersonal attraction C. Social exchange D. The need to belong

D. The need to belong

How did assertiveness and confidence from peer trainers teaching about prejudice affect the behavior of students, according to Elizabeth Paluck's study? A. The assertiveness of the peer trainers backfired and made them more prejudiced. B. It made the students rebel against authority and not listen to the peer trainers. C. The students felt that the peer trainers were overly confident, and they rejected their assertions. D. The peer trainers' consistent and confident reactions to intolerant behavior caused the students to establish a new social norm and reject intolerant behavior.

D. The peer trainers' consistent and confident reactions to intolerant behavior caused the students to establish a new social norm and reject intolerant behavior.

What is attribution? A. The process of understanding that the actions of individuals are entirely random B. The process of acceptance when we cannot understand the causes of behaviors or events C. The process by which people use information to disprove inferences about the causes of behavior or events D. The process by which people use information to make inferences about the causes of behavior or events

D. The process by which people use information to make inferences about the causes of behavior or events

Jenna was raised to believe all Asians were good at math. In school, she meets many Asian students who are not good at math. What happens to Jenna's stereotype about Asians and math? A. The stereotype changes to a different stereotype. B. The stereotype fades C. The stereotype is eliminated cognitively. D. The stereotype is still there and remains accessible.

D. The stereotype is still there and remains accessible.

What is the definition of social cognition? A. An ability to understand and recognize objects and use symbolic language B. The ways we perceive our social place in society C. The measurement of our social IQ in interactions with others D. The ways in which we interpret, analyze, remember, and use information

D. The ways in which we interpret, analyze, remember, and use information

Susan was resentful of her mother for helping her fill out her college applications. What helping behavior model does Susan's attitude illustrate? A. Empathy-altruism model B. Similarity-likeness model C. Passive-aggressive anger model D. Threat-to-self-esteem model

D. Threat-to-self-esteem model

In terms of aggression, playing video games is different from movies and television in what way? A. Video games are more expensive, so they are less used by teens. B. Video games tend to be less violent, thus, less harmful in terms of aggression. C. Video games are played on a smaller screen, so they have less impact than movies. D. Video games are interactive, thus, players engage in and are rewarded for their aggression.

D. Video games are interactive, thus, players engage in and are rewarded for their aggression.

The first two textbooks on social psychology were published in 1908 by which social scientists? A. George Herbert Mead and Gordon Allport B. Gordon Allport and Wilhelm Wundt C. George Herbert Mead and Charles Cooley D. William McDougal and Edward Ross

D. William McDougal and Edward Ross

The ___________________ heuristic is the tendency to judge the frequency or probability of an event in terms of how easy it is to think of examples of that event. A. adjustment B. anchoring C. representativeness D. availability

D. availability

In a brain-imaging study conducted by Eric Anderson, it was shown that human brains are hardwired to pay more attention to people who are said to be ______________________. A. kind, generous, and nurturing B. honest, upstanding, and forthright C. wealthy, powerful, and important D. dangerous, dishonest, or unpleasant

D. dangerous, dishonest, or unpleasant

Regional differences come to exist when people create like-minded social clusters. This is referred to as __________. A. physical proximity impact B. social proximity C. minority impact D. dynamic social impact

D. dynamic social impact

According to the _______________, some researchers have suggested that facial expressions produce physiological changes in the brain, which spark specific emotions. A. inferred attitude hypothesis B. emotional face hypothesis C. facial emotion affect D. facial feedback hypothesis

D. facial feedback hypothesis

When influencers understate the true cost of an agreement, they are using the _________ technique to secure compliance. A. foot-in-the-door B. that's-not-all C. door-in-the-face D. low-ball

D. low-ball

In 2007, Moore and Small's research found that most people regard themselves as _______________ than their peers. A. less positive B. more aggressive C. less aggressive D. more positive

D. more positive

The basic premise of _______ conditioning is that actions are either rewarded or punished. Rewarded behavior is likely to be repeated, and punished behavior is likely to decrease the behavior. A. classical B. subliminal C. dual D. operant

D. operant

People in relationships must suppress thoughts about other romantic partners in order to focus on their significant other. This is an example of how thought suppression is an important aspect of ___________. A. self-esteem B. personal growth C. honesty D. self-regulation

D. self-regulation

A person's rules specifying how outcomes or resources should be divided between oneself and others is their ____________________ orientation. A. sexual value B. perceived value C. social media D. social value

D. social value

When a group tries to shape new members' thinking so they can and will make the maximum contribution to the group, this is the ________ phase of group membership. A. maintenance B. investigation C. introduction D. socialization

D. socialization

There are _________ stages of ethnic identity formation. A. four B. two C. five D. three

D. three