PSY 214 Exam 2
Celeste spends an unusually large amount of time alone. In fact her parents notice that she is alone over half of the time. Celeste is likely to have a a. greater than average chance of psychological difficulties. b. lower than average chance of experiencing adjustment problems. c. greater than average chance of school success. d. lower than average chance of relationship difficulties.
A
According to Erikson each life period is characterized by a specific a. developmental crisis. b. physical experience. c. socio-cognitive task. d. ethical dilemma.
A
According to Gilligan's theory girls have a "different voice" than boys. This refers to girls' a. sensitivity to the subtleties of relationships and emotions. b. understanding of logical and mathematical problems. c. tendency to speak more than boys. d. awareness of extra-sensory perceptions.
A
Anwar is a 15-year-old who lives in Egypt. Based on research it could be predicted that Anwar's literacy a. would be higher than his grandfather's literacy. b. would be lower than his grandfather's literacy. c. would be about the same as his grandfather's literacy. d. would match his parents' literacy.
A
As compared to the United States emerging adults in European countries tend to live with their parents ____________ especially in southern and eastern Europe. a. longer b. shorter c. about the same d. more often
A
Authoritative parents promote autonomy through a. encouraging discussion and give-and-take. b. absence and restraint. c. demandingness and inconsistency. d. requiring absolute obedience from their children.
A
Barbara and Mary are sisters who are 13 and 15 years respectively. Barbara (the younger sister) knows that Mary is older and has to be obeyed whether she likes it or not. These sisters are most likely to live in a(n) a. traditional culture. b. Western country. c. industrialized country. d. broadly socialized culture.
A
Brittany is eight years old. Her daily activities include helping her mother make meals running the household and looking after her baby brother. Most likely Brittany lives in a(n) a. traditional culture. b. urban Westernized area. c. large single-family household. d. industrialized European nation.
A
Consider the research of Niobe Way (1998) who interviewed students to understand their school experiences and the way in which school interacted with other parts of their lives. Which statement about her research is TRUE? a. It was a qualitative ethnographic study. b. It used a variety of questionnaires to help her gather data. c. It involved several thousand students in her home city. d. Her interviews yielded very few insights into the students' experiences at school.
A
Critics of Erikson's work have argued that it is a. biased toward male development. b. outdated in its historical approach. c. based only on European contexts. d. too focused on questionnaire data.
A
Daryl- a thirteen-year-old boy- takes jazz dancing lessons and wants to be a fashion designer. According to research he is likely to experience a. some peer ridicule and be less popular. b. academic difficulties. c. peer acceptance and popularity. d. late maturation.
A
Dylan plans to get his commercial pilot's license and be a pilot at the company where both his father and grandfather work. He's never given it a second thought. Dylan's brother Aidan constantly warns him "Take some time man don't rush into it- do what's right for you." Dylan always replies "If being a pilot is good enough for Dad and Grandpa it's good enough for me. Besides they would be very disappointed if I backed out." Which of the following identity statuses best describes Dylan? a. foreclosure b. moratorium c. diffusion d. achievement
A
Erikson (1958) used the life history of Martin Luther to illustrate a. the identity crisis in adolescence and emerging adulthood. b. the impact of religious beliefs on self-esteem. c. career choices during adolescence and emerging adulthood. d. intimacy versus isolation.
A
Gender differences may be exaggerated because a. our gender schemas alert us to information that confirms our expectations. b. research is often conducted on people with narrow cultural views. c. globalization is influencing traditional cultures and marginalized populations. d. most people do not understand sociological categories in terms of their own expectations.
A
Imagine you are a prominent scholar in the field of parenting. You are most likely to describe parenting in terms of what two dimensions? a. demandingness and responsiveness b. ideal and real c. traditional and modern d. punishment and indifference
A
In cultures with narrow patterns of socialization it tends to be the narrowest in terms of a. gender expectations. b. peer relationships. c. religious expectations. d. intellectual development.
A
In the Arab countries of North Africa _______ is an enduring influence in educational contexts and content. a. Islam b. American consumerism c. globalization d. women's liberation
A
In the European education system adolescents choose the type of secondary school they will enter when they are about 15 or 16 years of age. This decision is influenced by all but which of the following factors? a. the choices of their peers b. the opinion of their parents c. their own interests d. the opinion of their teachers
A
Kedrick is a 12-year-old member of Mehinaku society. He is often sick and stays at home to help his mother rather than fishing with his father and practicing wrestling. Kedrick is likely to be a. ridiculed and called names like "little girl." b. married earlier than most of his peers. c. considered a tribal religious leader when he reaches manhood. d. more desirable to the women in his village.
A
One reason that depression is more prevalent in adolescence than in childhood may be that a. feelings of inadequacy stem from large discrepancies between actual and ideal selves. b. parents do not understand what it is like to be an adolescent. c. children do not have a sense of self. d. feelings of loneliness accompany adolescents' abstract self-understanding.
A
Permissive parents are those who are a. low in demandingness and high in responsiveness. b. high in demandingness and high in responsiveness. c. low in demandingness and low in responsiveness. d. high in demandingness and low in responsiveness.
A
Piaget's gender schema theory portrays gender as one of the fundamental ways that people a. organize information about the world. b. interact with one another. c. stereotype and categorize people. d. create norms and behaviors.
A
Raymond is a Japanese college student who has just begun his higher education after finishing high school. What can he expect with regard to the amount of work he'll be doing outside of his college classes? a. He will do about half as much homework as he did when he was in high school. b. He will have the same amount of homework as in high school but it will be spread over a greater number of subjects. c. He will have slightly more homework than he did in high school but it will apply to about half as many different subjects. d. He will do about twice as much homework as he did when he was in high school.
A
Research has found that ________ tend to have higher self-esteem than members of other racial/ethnic groups. a. African Americans b. Caucasians c. Hispanic Americans d. Asian Americans
A
Tessa's parents have noticed that she has low self-esteem. Of the following what is the best advice for them? a. Provide love and encouragement. b. Send her to a "boot camp." c. Do nothing- it's a normal phase. d. Seek treatment for depression.
A
The key influence on adolescents' academic performance in different parts of the world is a. economic development in their country. b. acceptance of equal educational opportunities for both boys and girls. c. the number of teachers who are graduating from college with degrees in education. d. the political climates of their home cultures.
A
The use of derogatory names for men who prefer the company of women illustrates a. pressure to conform to culturally prescribed gender norms. b. a subordinate role of men in matriarchal societies. c. the absence of passionate manhood. d. instrumental traits of males.
A
Theo works at a fast food restaurant. His boss has asked Theo if he is willing to take more shifts. If Theo decides to take on the extra work he will be trying to juggle 20 hours of part-time work and full-time high school. According to research if Theo is a typical adolescent what might we conclude about the potential effects of the increased hours? a. a drop in grades b. higher attendance at school c. more time spent doing homework d. positive psychological effects on self-esteem
A
What do early and middle adolescents have in common in terms of their family harmony? Both age groups tend to have high levels of a. conflict with parents. b. harmony with parents. c. parental contact. d. avoidance of parents.
A
What principle describes the idea that adolescents are not only influenced by their parents but also influence their parents? a. reciprocal effects b. binocular vision c. unidirectionality d. responsiveness
A
Which of the following ethnic identity statuses is characterized by low identification with the majority culture? a. marginality b. assimilated c. bicultural d. separation
A
Which of the following may contribute to a decline in self-esteem experienced in adolescence? a. imaginary audience b. response bias c. separation d. personal fable
A
Which of the following would NOT be considered a significant risk associated with the performance of female circumcision? a. an increase in infertility rates b. a great deal of bleeding c. chronic pain during menstruation or urination d. heightened risk of urinary infections
A
Which one of the following statements relates to girls' decline in self-esteem in adolescence? a. Normal physical development is at odds with a cultural ideal of thinness. b. Boys typically have a more negative body image than do girls. c. Girls' scholastic achievement is typically lower than that of boys. d. Teachers are more likely to see them as being disciplinary problems in school.
A
A key change which may cause disequilibrium in a family as a child enters adolescence is the a. status of the parent's marriage. b. beginning of puberty and sexual maturity. c. affective functions of the family. d. profound social changes over the last decade
B
A recent study completed with 720 American families with two same-sex siblings including identical twins fraternal twins full sibling half siblings and biologically-unrelated stepsiblings had a research design which allowed researchers to examine a. how adolescents demand compliance and become more authoritarian. b. questions of both genetic and environmental family influences on adolescents. c. the effect of parental responsiveness in non-Western cultures. d. the parental influence of how early adolescents choose their friends.
B
According to Erikson the central task of adolescence focuses on a. real identity versus identity consolidation. b. identity versus identity confusion. c. childhood identity versus sexual identity. d. identity versus immaturity.
B
According to recent research competition for spots in colleges is decreasing in Japan. This is related primarily to a. an increase in the number of working class jobs because of a boom in natural resources. b. a decrease in the number of college age people because of the low birthrate. c. an increase in the number of colleges because of a glut in the building trade. d. a decrease in literacy because of a decline in quality of elementary education.
B
According to research which factor is most likely to contribute to lower grades in high school? a. having high achieving friends b. amount of time spent socializing c. having a part time job 9 hours a week d. participating in diverse extracurricular activities
B
According to the text the comprehensive high school system was designed to a. eliminate general education courses. b. prepare students for college. c. exclude vocational training. d. prepare females for marriage and males for university.
B
Adolescents in the foreclosure status tend to score higher on a measure of a. rebelliousness. b. conformity. c. inquisitiveness. d. independence.
B
Anne is a teenager attending junior high school in Washington D.C. Anne attends a school where all her teachers have high expectations for student conduct. If Anne is typical of students in research conducted on this subject we may expect Anne to have ___________ compared to students in other schools. a. more adjustment problems b. a higher level of achievement c. a higher level of delinquency d. lower self-esteem
B
Blake is 28 years old and hasn't settled down. He has started college twice and quit unsure of what career would suit his personality. He plays in a rock band on the weekends and secretly hopes he will be discovered by a record company but doesn't really like performing all that much. According to the theory of Erik Erikson- Blake is most likely experiencing a. identity foreclosure. b. identity confusion. c. negative identity. d. marginality.
B
The year is 1958. Norma is applying to different law schools. Which of the following would be accurate advice for Norma given the year? a. "Norma your grades are so high you should apply to Harvard Law School." b. "Norma it's too bad Harvard doesn't grant degrees to women - your grades are so high." c. "Women are not allowed to practice law." d. "There are no institutions in North America that grant law degrees to women."
B
Blanca and Melanie attend high schools in Thunder Bay Ontario. Blanca attends a large high school with 3000 students. Melanie on the other hand attends a smaller school of only 200. According to research which statement regarding their participation in extracurricular activities is the most accurate? a. Blanca is more likely to participate in extracurricular activities. b. Melanie is more likely to participate in extracurricular activities. c. Melanie's school will offer more extracurricular activities but most will be related to sports. d. Blanca's school will offer more extracurricular activities but most of them will be only for boys or girls rather than being coed.
B
Compared to Western societies siblings in traditional cultures are more likely to experience ________ relationships. a. rival b. caregiver c. casual d. critical
B
Constantine is a young adult who spends a lot of time volunteering for his church. He gladly gives a portion of his paycheck to his aunt and grandmother each month. Constantine's wife Vera is very upset and thinks that he should be focusing on his own career and trying to get ahead. Which of the following is most likely true of this couple? a. Constantine grew up in an individualistic culture and Vera grew up in a collectivistic culture. b. Constantine grew up in a collectivistic culture and Vera grew up in an individualistic culture. c. They are exhibiting normal behavior due to differential gender socialization. d. They are experiencing normal troubles associated with marriage in emerging adulthood.
B
Critics of Carol Gilligan's work argue that a. differences between boys and girls are understated. b. validity and reliability of the methodology is hard to determine. c. her studies of gender differences rarely include girls. d. she did no research to support her theory.
B
Dr. Shaw wants to conduct a large-scale study examining the attitudes that 20000 adolescents hold toward their high school education. He starts by doing a small version of the study using only 40 students to make sure his measures have adequate reliability and validity. This smaller study is an example of a. an analogue study. b. pilot testing. c. quasi-experimental research. d. a correlational design.
B
Francisco is 27 years old has a high school degree and has never attended college. Ernestine is a 26-year old who has both a high school diploma and college degree. According to NCES statistics (2016) Francisco is _______ as likely as Ernestine to be unemployed. a. equally b. twice c. three times d. five times
B
Historically service organizations such as the YWCA provided a "protective umbrella" for the nurturing of adolescent girls. The focus of activities was mainly on a. physical appearance and deportment. b. building relationships serving the community and developing character qualities. c. marriage preparation and health education. d. social adjustment and conflict resolution.
B
How is socioeconomic status (SES) related to adolescents' school performance? a. Performance and SES are positively correlated. b. Performance and SES are inversely related. c. There is no relationship between performance and SES d. SES causes a student's level of performance.
B
In contrast to Westernized cultures- parents in traditional cultures are more likely to be concerned with a. regulating adolescents' autonomy and independence. b. adolescents' conformity to cultural beliefs. c. the petty arguments about dating and peer groups. d. adolescents' disdain for their extended family members.
B
In the 1960s and 1970s American educational programs designed to enhance self-esteem reflected a predominant belief that self-esteem a. is a result of school success. b. is a cause of school success. c. had declined steadily since World War II. d. is a socio-cultural invention.
B
Jake plays defensive tackle on his high school football team and is an aggressive player on the field. According to research which of the following is most likely to be TRUE? Jake is a. unpopular with peers. b. popular with peers. c. academically gifted. d. a late-maturer.
B
Jiang is twelve years old. He arrives home after school and announces to his family "I am the best public speaker in my class! I am so proud of myself. I'm going to be a great journalist!" Jiang's father replied by saying "You shouldn't brag Jiang. Remember your responsibilities." The father's comments best exemplify __________ cultural values. a. individualistic b. collectivistic c. broadly defined d. self-reflective
B
Marcia and her mother seem to argue about everything. Marcia is in her second year of high school and she is constantly complaining about how her mother treats her. "She never lets me wear makeup." "How does she think I can go to school in the clothes she bought me?" "How come Jan can stay out later?" "She is always complaining about my music my room and my friends." How would one classify Marcia's relationship with her mother? a. Marcia's relationship with her mother is better than with her father. b. This seems to be typical of many adolescents' relationships with their parents. c. Marcia's relationship is unhealthy and both should consider counseling. d. Marcia's mother is creating a dependent child who will have problems in the future.
B
Most of research showing a decline in girls' self-esteem in adolescence and a gender difference in perceived physical appearance has focused mainly on a. middle-class Canadian adolescents. b. White adolescents. c. African American college students. d. adolescents of minority ethnicity.
B
Niles is a young man who feels close to his parents and confident about his parents' love and concern for him. As Niles is entering adulthood he is most likely a. feeling separation anxiety as he contemplates leaving home. b. developing a healthy sense of autonomy from his parents. c. understanding how authoritarian his parents have been in raising him. d. feeling he has an insecure base from which to explore.
B
One key principle of the family systems approach is a. parents often become depressed when children move away. b. each subsystem influences every other subsystem. c. conflicts arise regardless of culture. d. subsystems are independent of each other.
B
Parental responsiveness is the degree to which parents a. express disdain coolness and distance. b. are sensitive to their children's needs and express love warmth and concern. c. set down rules and expectations for behavior. d. react whenever their children ask for something.
B
Recent research testing Gilligan's theory found that a. "feminine" girls reported higher levels of "voice" than boys. b. "feminine" girls reported lower levels of "voice" than boys. c. "androgynous" girls reported higher levels of "voice" than boys. d. it is impossible to compare boys and girls on this matter.
B
School attendance for adolescents in developing societies is a. mandatory. b. inconsistent. c. higher. d. nonexistent.
B
School climate refers to the a. socioeconomic status of the school neighborhood. b. quality of interactions between students and teachers. c. quality of relationships among students. d. way the school is decorated.
B
Some scholars argue that for African American adolescents gender roles reflect a. differential gender socialization. b. challenges faced in African American history. c. the lack of research done with minority samples. d. a reversal of gender roles.
B
The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) examines student performance in four areas including all but which of the following? a. math b. history c. science d. reading
B
The idea that attaining manhood is considered a difficult achievement is best reflected by a. a large population of males who do not conform to traditional ways. b. many cultures having a special word meaning "failed man." c. a large proportion of matriarchal societies. d. many cultures having a distinct name for adolescent males.
B
The term self-esteem was first invented by American a. Mary Cover Jones. b. William James. c. G. Stanley Hall. d. Susan Harter.
B
Todd is a young boy attending UWO Senior Secondary High School in Fort Meyers Florida. His cousin Kim lives in New Orleans where she also attends high school. According to the text how might Todd's and Kim's educational experiences compare? a. The same because of the national policies on education. b. Different because schools are controlled by states and cities. c. The educational system in Florida is more progressive in relation to liberal arts. d. The educational system in Louisiana is comprehensive in terms of science.
B
When asked to describe himself Kolton replies "I have a sister named Jo and I live in Fort Qu'Appelle." Most likely Kolton is _________ year(s) old. a. one b. five c. fourteen d. sixteen
B
Which of the following is an accurate difference between American secondary schools and those find in Asia and Europe? a. The American schools have a longer school day than the Asian and European schools. b. The American schools allow time for physical education art and music while the Asian and European schools do not. c. American schools are less likely than Asian and European schools to have single-sex schools. d. American schools have higher testing standards that serve as a gateway to college than the Asian and European schools.
B
Which of the following scholars proposed the theory of the adolescent identity crisis? a. James Marcia b. Erik Erikson c. Carol Gilligan d. Susan Harter
B
Which statement best reflects adolescents' family relationships in traditional cultures? a. Boys have more contact with their mothers than do girls. b. Boys have more contact with peers than do girls. c. Girls have more contact with peers than do boys. d. Girls have more contact with their fathers than do boys.
B
You have a friend who is 6'10" tall another who is 4'10" and several who are somewhere between 5 and 6 feet tall. This scenario reflects the concept of a. meta-analysis. b. normal distribution. c. effect size. d. instrumental traits.
B
In regard to attachment theory which statement does NOT belong? a. The theory was originally developed by John Bowlby. b. It has been tested with both primates and humans. c. It has an evolutionary basis for the safety of children. d. It describes the emotional relationships between siblings of similar age.
C
In your text the use of the term sex refers to the a. theoretical notion of socially constructed identities. b. mate selection patterns in various societies. c. biological status of being male or female. d. psychological status of being male or female.
C
Larger high schools have some advantages over smaller schools. One advantage of larger schools is a. higher SAT scores. b. higher rates of participation in extracurricular activities. c. a more diverse range of classes. d. a reduced overall incidence of bullying behaviors.
C
A cross-cultural study of the qualities of an "ideal man" or "ideal woman" was conducted and the results showed that for both cases the most important quality was a. being physically attractive. b. having a good sense of humor. c. being kind and honest. d. a high level of intelligence.
C
According to Erikson an infant's developmental task is to a. achieve a secure sense of identity. b. differentiate between the self and others. c. establish a sense of trust and security with someone. d. learn language in order to communicate.
C
According to research the percentage of teen magazines devoted to advertising is nearly a. one-quarter. b. one-third. c. one-half. d. two-thirds.
C
According to research- in the first year following a divorce mothers tend to be a. more affectionate. b. less permissive. c. less consistent with parenting. d. more consistent with parenting.
C
According to research- the amount of time American adolescents spend with their families drops by what percentage between fifth and ninth grades? a. 10% b. 25% c. 50% d. 75%
C
According to the text recent research indicates that ___________ may make a significant contribution to adolescents' emotionality. a. media consumption b. globalization c. brain development d. environmental toxins
C
According to the text- in the past 50 years which of the following is among the most dramatic changes in family life? a. lower birth rates b. longer life expectancy c. higher divorce rates d. increased urbanization
C
Bonnie is in kindergarten. She tells her mom "I don't want to go to the hockey game - that's for stinky boys!" This scenario best illustrates a. media control. b. parental influence. c. self-socialization. d. expressive traits.
C
Carson is an adolescent in a large urban high school. There are more than 35 students in all of his classes. According to research how might the large class sizes affect Carson? a. Carson will benefit from larger classes. b. Carson will be adversely affected by larger classes. c. Scholars are unable to agree on the effect of class size. d. Carson will only benefit if the groups are homogeneous.
C
Cosmo and Joseph are both attending high school. Cosmo lives in Berlin Germany and Joseph lives in New York City. According to the text how might the boys' experiences compare? a. Their experiences would be the same. b. Cosmo doesn't have to worry about early occupational decisions. c. Joseph has a greater flexibility because of the broad range of courses. d. Both Cosmo and Joseph can chose among multiple types of secondary schools.
C
Dylan- a 15-year-old boy- and his father Craig have spent less time together over the past few years. On average Dylan and his father only spend about one hour a day together and most of that time is spent watching television. What does this tell us about Dylan's home life? a. Dylan's dad is an authoritative parent. b. Dylan is a neglected child. c. Dylan's home life is normal. d. Dylan is most likely a maladjusted teen.
C
For what reason does your text suggest that sexual abuse of a child or adolescent is more likely to be perpetrated by a stepfather than by a biological father? a. because the mother (or wife) is less likely to believe that a stepfather would commit sexual abuse compared to a biological father b. because there are no laws in most states that prohibit sexual activity between a stepfather and stepdaughter c. because there is no biological incest taboo between stepfathers and their stepdaughters d. because most of the time the mother in a blended family situation works outside of the home leaving more opportunity for a stepfather to behave in this abusive manner
C
Freddie is a 15-year-old boy who has a secure attachment to both his mother and father. In terms of his friendships at school Freddie is more likely than others to a. feel he cannot get close to the girls in his peer group. b. find solace in individual sporting activities. c. express his feelings and develop close relationships. d. be called a mama's boy and teased every day.
C
In America the concept of self-made manhood is associated with what century? a. 17th b. 18th c. 19th d. 20th
C
Luther's friends sometimes tease him about his preference for wearing pink button-down shirts and his plans to be a kindergarten teacher. Luther's attributes most likely violate his friends' views of a. vocational choices. b. psychological roles. c. gender roles. d. adolescent personality.
C
Michelle and Andres are parents who describe themselves as "middle class." Michelle is a nurse and Andres is an accountant. Michelle and Andres are busy with their jobs but always make time to talk with their children about how they are doing in school their friends and the reasons for their household rules. According to the text both Michelle and Andres are most likely to be ________ parents. a. disengaged b. permissive c. authoritative d. authoritarian
C
Most European countries have three types of secondary schools. They include all but which one of the following? a. college-preparatory schools b. vocational schools. c. business-trade schools d. professional schools
C
One implication that follows from increased rates of divorce in the United States is a. fathers are custodial parent in 90% of divorces. b. children will find work to support the family. c. mothers are more likely to work. d. second marriages are more likely to be successful.
C
One implication that follows from the European system of different types of secondary schools is that a. unemployment rates are low among vocational and related jobs. b. this system involves great flexibility in occupational choices. c. adolescents must decide early about their educational direction. d. teenagers are given no choice about what their schooling path will be.
C
Pat is related to Jared. Pat is having a hard time establishing an attachment to Jared. Jared also does not respect Pat's authority. According to research what would be a good prediction of the way Pat and Jared are related? a. Jared is Pat's father. b. Pat is Jared's father. c. Pat is Jared's stepfather. d. Jared and Pat are brother and sister.
C
Pierre and Marisa are raising twins. Both Pierre and Marisa use an authoritarian parenting style much in the way they were both raised by their own sets of parents. What statement best characterizes how Pierre and Marisa raise their twins? They have a. low demands and are not very responsive. b. high demands and are highly responsive. c. high demands and are not very responsive. d. low demands and are highly responsive.
C
Related to issues of globalization- the pervasiveness of identity confusion may be best equated to a. hybrid identity. b. identity foreclosure. c. marginalized identity. d. identity achievement.
C
Similar to successful parenting styles- studies have shown that successful teaching includes all but which of the following? a. high standards for behavior b. combination of demandingness and responsiveness c. an authoritarian classroom encouraging student competition d. moderate level of control in the classroom
C
Tak is a first generation Asian Canadian. Tak is raising his two sons as he was raised while living in his native Vietnam. It is most likely that Tak will engage in a(n) ________ parenting style. a. authoritative b. permissive c. traditional d. disengaged
C
The postmodern identity theory replaces which criticized model? a. cultural identity model b. bicultural identity model c. identity status model d. negative Identity model
C
Which of the following best reflects the socialization patterns of boys and girls in Western culture? a. Boys are more self-conscious about their appearance and take more interest in forming intimate friendships. b. Girls and boys are equally self-conscious about their appearance and forming intimate friendships. c. Girls are more self-conscious about their appearance and take more interest in forming intimate friendships. d. Boys are less self-conscious about their appearance and take more interest in forming intimate friendships.
C
Which of the following is associated with adolescent cognitive development? a. inability to see others' perspectives b. self-reflection c. concrete thought d. a lack of object permanence
C
Which of the following is most TRUE of identity development? a. Middle childhood is the key life period for identity development. b. During adolescence a person's identity is solidified. c. Identity issues continue through emerging adulthood. d. After the first six years of life a person's identity is set.
C
Which of the following scholars is well-known for the study of identity formation of members of ethnic minorities in Western society? a. James Marcia b. Carol Gilligan c. Jean Phinney d. Robert Weiss
C
Which statement about parenting is most true of non-Western cultures? a. Authoritarian parenting is typical. b. Disengaged parenting is common. c. Authoritative parenting is rare. d. Permissive parenting is the norm.
C
Which statement best represents the relationship between low- and high-achievers? a. Low achievers tend to have a negative influence on their high-achieving friends. b. Low- and high achievers are almost never friends. c. High achievers tend to have a positive effect on their low-achieving friends. d. Low- and high-achieving students are influenced most strongly by their romantic partners.
C
A college student who majors in ________ is likely to have the lowest immediate earning potential after completing their his or her degree. a. computer science b. engineering c. mathematics d. journalism
D
According to attachment theory what shapes expectation and interactions in relationships with others throughout a child's life? a. id strivings b. affective functions c. bidirectional effects d. an internal working model
D
According to research one consequence of the strong family identity nurtured in traditional Indian cultures is that a. children show high rates of delinquent behaviors. b. adolescents have increased rates of drug use. c. children rebel against their parents' authoritarian practices. d. adolescents have low rates of depression and suicide.
D
According to research what Western parenting style cannot be easily applied to Asian American parents? a. traditional b. disengaged c. permissive d. authoritative
D
According to research which of the following traits are considered most desirable for an American male? a. analytical sympathetic and gentle b. affectionate loyal and tender c. ambitious cheerful and warm d. self-reliant competitive and assertive
D
According to the text adolescents' academic achievement tends to be worst when they have _____________ parents. a. authoritative b. authoritarian c. permissive d. neglectful
D
According to the text what is it that essentially determines the occupational fate of Japanese young people? a. a major research paper at the end of their schooling b. a senior project c. an oral report d. a national system of entrance exams
D
As a consequence of __________ many young people around the world adopt a(n)_________ identity. a. racism: bicultural b. racism: assimilated c. globalization: separation d. globalization: bicultural
D
Chinas (1991) studied adolescent girls and women in a traditional village in a ________ village. a. Canadian b. Columbian c. Japanese d. Mexican
D
Darryl is a young man attending secondary school in the late 19th century. He comes from a very wealthy family. What subject is especially likely to be part of Darryl's curriculum if he is like most of the wealthy adolescent boys in his school? a. French b. Geography c. Physical Education d. Greek
D
Eunice is 13 years old and lives with her family in 1861. She is about to begin puberty but her parents have avoided educating her about menarche. They have withheld this information because they believe that girls a. should be seen and not heard. b. need more access to higher education. c. have limited intellectual capacity to understand biology. d. should remain innocent from sexual knowledge.
D
For an adolescent- feelings of failure may result from awareness of a difference between the a. false self and ideal self. b. the ideal self and the feared self. c. the concrete self and the abstract self. d. actual self and the ideal self.
D
In China and Japan because university admission is restricted to the very highest performing students- high school students a. have collectivistic views. b. experience less competition than North American students. c. are more likely to pursue a professional career. d. are under intense pressure to achieve academically.
D
In contrast to merely studying rates of divorce researchers interested in the psychological effects of divorce need to focus on a. the declining birth rate in industrialized nations. b. the cultural beliefs of the larger society. c. the lack of extended family relationships. d. exposure to conflict between parents.
D
In the research focus box entitled "The Daily Rhythms of Adolescent's Family Lives" how are fathers portrayed? a. Fathers are deeply involved in their adolescents' lives. b. There is no data to support the role of fathers. c. Fathers are as likely as mothers to be involved in their child's lives. d. Fathers are usually only a minor presence in adolescents' lives.
D
Increased emphasis on gender roles in adolescence is characteristic of a. traditional cultures only. b. cultures affected by globalization. c. industrialized cultures more so than traditional cultures. d. both traditional and industrialized cultures.
D
Individualistic culture is to independent self as collectivistic culture is to __________ self. a. collection b. social c. ideal d. interdependent
D
It is Chantel's first day at a new high school. At lunch a girl from her class asks her "Where are you from? What's your background?" Chantel replies "My parents are originally from Korea but I really think of myself as just Canadian." Chantel's statement best illustrates a. marginality. b. biculturalism. c. separation. d. assimilation.
D
Jonathan sometimes starts physical fights with his friends and often shouts insults at other neighborhood kids. When his mother asks him what was wrong he replies that he "is just acting normal - it's cool to be tough." According to research Jonathan has a good chance of a. doing well in business as an adult. b. marrying at a young age. c. being abused by his parents. d. engaging in other problem behaviors.
D
Lauren- a ninth-grade student- describes herself as a pretty good guitar player and an excellent math student who can't understand chemistry. She says she is wild and extroverted with friends in her band yet is shy and quiet at school. Lauren's self-description reflects a. the inability to integrate different aspects of her identity. b. that she is significantly different from most of her peers. c. differential gender socialization. d. the ability to recognize contradictions in her personality
D
One major drawback of the U.S. system of comprehensive high schools is that a. it limits adolescents' occupational choices. b. vocational training limits academic pursuits. c. adolescents need to decide their occupations early. d. it limits job-specific training.
D
Passive and conforming adolescents are mostly likely being raised by what type of parents? a. disengaged b. permissive c. authoritative d. authoritarian
D
Petro is a young man being raised in a traditional culture. He will be expected to learn how to serve many functions associated with manhood as he grows into adulthood. One of those functions- the ability to ________- is associated with the character qualities of diligence and stamina. a. pragmatize b. procreate c. protect d. provide
D
Research on parents' child-rearing goals shows that American parents tend to value ________ highly as a quality they wish to promote in their children. a. conformity b. tradition c. dependence d. independence
D
Sex is to biological status of being male or female as gender is to ________categories of male and female. a. androgynous b. genetic c. pathological d. social
D
The Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents was developed by a. Morris Rosenberg. b. Carol Gilligan. c. James Marcia. d. Susan Harter.
D
Which of the following best defines "schema"? a. the name for a type of individual that is self-motivated b. the statistical technique that integrates many research studies c. a means of coordinating one's physical surroundings d. a mental structure for organizing information
D
Which of the following scholars distinguished between baseline self-esteem and barometric self-esteem? a. Susan Harter b. Erik Erikson c. Lawrence Kohlberg d. Morris Rosenberg
D
Which one of the following college students is most likely to be satisfied with his or her educational experience? a. Armand who attends a larger college with larger class sizes. b. Bailey who attends a larger college with smaller class sizes. c. Carlos who attends a smaller college with larger class sizes. d. Dmitryi who attends a smaller college with smaller class sizes.
D
Which statement logically follows from the idea that in nonindustrialized traditional cultures family members tend to rely a great deal on each other economically? a. Families in these cultures tend to be more individualized. b. There are patterns of broad socialization in these cultures. c. Petty arguments about dating and friends persist. d. Adolescents prepare for interdependence by learning to submit to parental authority.
D
With regard to the findings of many longitudinal studies on attachment theory reported in the textbook- which statement accurately describes the overall conclusions? a. The studies reported do not really test the heart of attachment theory which is the claim that infant attachments form the basis for later relationships. b. These longitudinal studies have provided a clear support for the link between parental separation and secure attachment. c. Most of the studies relied on having people recall memories from childhood which was found to be an unreliable enterprise. d. These longitudinal studies have provided mixed support for the predictions of attachment theory.
D