Psy 241- Chpt 9
The determination of whether a child is considered overweight is done through the measurement of
body mass index (BMI)
______ is a technique in which individuals are encouraged to come up with creative ideas in a group, play off each other's ideas, and say practically whatever comes to mind.
brainstorming
The second leading cause of death in the United States for children ages 5 to 14 is
cancer
The ______ ______ is a key component of working memory that supervises and controls the flow of information.
central executive
Signs of domain-specific giftedness usually emerge during the ______ years
childhood
Neo-piagetians put greater emphasis than Piaget did on all of the following elements, EXCEPT
classification
During the ______ operational stage, children are able to classify objects and consider their interrelationships.
concrete
Piaget proposed that the ______ operational stage lasts from approximately 7 to 11 years of age.
concrete
______ intelligence consists of the ability to design, invent, originate, and imagine
creative
______ thinking is the ability to think in novel and unusual ways and to come up with unique solutions to problems
creative
______ thinking is when a person thinks reflectively, productively, and evaluate evidence.
critical
When people think reflectively and productively and evaluates evidence, they are using:
critical thinking
A test that is familiar to children from all socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds and has items that are at least familiar to students taking the test is an example of what type of test?
culture-fair
During middle and late childhood, head circumference and waist circumference ______ in relation to children's body height.
decrease
Alexis is a 9-year-old girl in the 4th grade. She is having difficulty with reading comprehension, spelling, and understanding mathematical concepts. Her teacher is concerned and has referred her to the special education teacher for evaluation. Which of the following special needs will Alexis mostly likely be diagnosed with?
learning disability
The most common type of childhood cancer is called ______, a cancer that in which the bone marrow makes too many abnormal white blood cells.
leukemia
______-term memory is relatively permanent type of memory that holds huge amounts of information for a sustained period of time.
long
Studies support that gifted children tend to be more ______ than other children and have fewer emotional problems.
mature
Improvements in______ reflect children's increased knowledge and their increased use of strategies.
memory
______ age is Binet's measure of an individual's level of intellectual development compared with that of others.
mental
what is the name of the syndrome that includes obesity, high blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes?
metabolic syndrome
Changes that occur in terms of information processing during middle and late childhood include memory, thinking, and ______.
metacognition
Knowing about knowing or thinking about thought is called
metacognition
When schools pay attention to helping students develop skills that entail knowing about their own knowing, those schools are fostering:
metacognition
______ awareness refers to knowledge about language, such as knowing the definition of a preposition or being able to discuss language sounds.
metalinguistic
Which of the following terms encompass knowledge about one's own memory, such as student's ability to monitor whether she has studied enough for a test that is coming up next week?
metamemory
Children's ______ skills become smoother and more coordinated in middle and late childhood.
motor
A genetic disorder of lower level intellectual functioning caused by brain damage is called a/an ______ intellectual disability
organic
______ intelligence involves the ability to use, apply, and implement ideas
practical
Children make progress in understanding how to use language in culturally appropriate way, which is known as
pragmatics
From the ages of 7 to 30 years of age, researchers have found less diffusion and more focal activation in the _______ cortex of the brain.
prefrontal
which area of the brain shows an increase in brain pathways and circuitry during middle and late childhood?
prefrontal cortex
Efforts to counteract a deprived early environment's negative effect on intelligence focus on ______ prevention rather than remediation.
prevention
Approximately 80% of children with a learning disability have ______ problems
reading
Interventions with children who have learning disabilities often focus on improving ______ ability
reading
A child understands that in order to arrange sticks from biggest to smallest, each stick must be longer than the one that precedes it an shorter than the one that follows it. This means the child is using
seriation
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of autism spectrum disorder?
severe intellectual disability in all types
______-term memory increases during early and middle childhood until approximately the age of 7?
short
Which of the following is not a memory process in which the central executive takes part?
short-term memory
The largest group of children to provided help in special-education programs are
learning disabilites
A person's IQ is ______ if the person's mental age is the same as his or her chronological age
100
Researcher have found that there are more than ______ genes that affect intelligence.
1000
Public Law 94-142 was renamed Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in:
1990
What is the average growth in inches per year for children in elementary school?
2 to 3 inches
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the identification of giftedness?
A gifted person would have an IQ of 130 or higher
Which of the following indexes is NOT part of the Weschler Intelligence Scales?
Analytical Index
______ education teaches academic subject to immigrant children in their native language, while slowly teaching English.
Bilingual
Mackenzie is an elementary student who has demonstrated the understanding that even though the levels of liquid in two glasses may appear different, they can still have the same amount depending on the size of the glass. She can also line up items from smallest to biggest. Which stage of Piaget's cognitive development is Mackenzie most likely in?
Concrete operational stage
In addition to an IQ usually below 70, which of the following factors are necessary for a diagnosis of intellectual disability?
Difficulty adapting to everyday life
People in ______ cultures tend to see intelligence as a way for members of a community to engage successfully in social roles.
Eastern
The ______ effect is the worldwide increase in intelligence test scores that has occurred over a short time frame.
Flynn
Alfred Binet developed the first ______ test.
IQ
______ are the leading cause of death during middle and late childhood.
Injuries
During what period in development do children gain approximately 5-7 lbs. a year?
Middle and late childhood
Which of the following statements is consistent with research on young children and Piaget's stage of cognitive development?
Young children may function within the concrete operational stage
______ intelligence refers to the ability to judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast
analytical
Public law 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, required that all students with disabilities be given a free and ______ public education.
appropriate
Stimulant medication can be an effective way to improve ______ in children with ADHD
attention
What is the name of the family of disorders that is characterized by problems in social interaction, problems in verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors?
autism spectrum disorders
Why can children in middle and late childhood understand the appropriate use of comparatives (shorter, deeper) and subjectives ("if you were president...")
because of improvements in logical reasoning and analytical skills
Using a combination of medication and ______ management has been shown to be more effective than just medication alone in improving the way children with ADHD act.
behavior
Which technique has been shown to be effective in specifically helping children with autism who have cognitive impairments?
behavior modification
Overweight children show similar medical problems as seen in overweight adults including, ______, high cholesterol, and hypertension
diabetes
Intellectual ______ is inadequate intellectual functioning of an individual
disability
Which type of learning disability is specifically related to an impairment in the ability to read and spell?
dyslexia
scott tries to remember his neighbors names by putting them in ABC order. This is a more engaging mental strategy for processing which is called:
elaboration
Researchers have found that ______ is a better predictor of school readiness than ______.
executive functioning; general IQ
A method of intervention to help overweight children lose weight would include______.
exercise, diet, behavior modification
Which of the following has not been identified as a possible cause of autism spectrum disorders?
family socialization
______ ______ theory states that memory is best understood by considering
fuzzy trace
Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria identified by Ellen Winner (1996) that characterize gifted children?
gifted children are more introverted than other children
Highly gifted individuals are typically:
gifted in specific domains
The ______ refers to the central idea of the information rather than the precise details of information
gist
Neo-piagetians believed that Piaget:
got some things right but that his theory needs considerable revision
Abigail is 10 years old and is learning to play tennis. Which of the following changes in development are related to her ability to learn the sport?
greater coordination
In which of the following areas of motor development do boys outperform girls?
gross motor skills
If a person's IQ is 115, then that means:
his/her mental age is higher than his/her chronological age
The ______ of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) applies to children who demonstrate a high level of physical activity and do not do a good job of thinking before they act.
hyperactive/impulsive subtype
Which of the following is NOT one of the types of intelligence discussed in Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence
imaginative intelligence
Which of the following terms is defined as education children with special education needs full-time in the regular classroom?
inclusion
______ is when a child who receives special education services is taught full-time in the regular education classroom with supplemental help.
inclusion
Which of the following concepts encompasses problem-solving skills and the ability to learn from and adapt to experiences?
intelligence
The intelligence proposed by Howard Gardner that involves the ability to understand oneself is called ______ intelligence
intrapersonal
Which of the following are physical changes that occur during middle and late childhood?
slow and consistent growth an increase in the size of the skeletal and muscular systems
Which of the following are some of Gardner's proposed intelligences?
spatial, verbal, interpersonal, musical, mathematical
______ medication can be effective in improving attention in children diagnosed with ADHD.
stimulant
which of the following statements is false regarding long-term memory strategies?
strategies occur automatically when learning information in middle and late childhood
Public Law 94-142 is the education act that provided free and appropriate public education to which group of students?
students will all disabilities
Some immigrant children go from being monolingual in their home language to being bilingual in that language and English, only to end up as monolingual speakers of English. What is the term for this phenomenon?
subtractive bilingualism
Which of the following fine motor skill abilities is most likely seen beginning in a child who is 7 years old?
the ability to tie shoes. printing becomes smaller and preferences is given to using a pencil as opposed to a crayon
The reading instruction approach that emphasizes teaching the basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds is called:
the phonics approach
______ is the ability of a child in concrete operations to logically combine relations to understand certain conclusions
transitivity
The ______ theory of intelligence claims that intelligence consists of analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence
triachic
Research found that children with a high body mass index and waist circumference are at risk for a metabolic syndrome, a constellation of factors including:
type 2 diabetes high blood pressure obesity
In classrooms adopting a ______ approach, beginning readers are taught to recognize words or even entire sentences and to use the context of what they read to guess at the meaning of words.
whole-language
The type of memory that allows individuals to manipulate and assemble information when making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending language is called ______ memory.
working