Psy 313 learning curve ch.4

Between 1 and 3 months of age, infants spend just over _____ minutes per day crying.

100

A female baby weighing less than _____ kilograms at 8 weeks is likely to have health problems.

3

Michele's baby daughter smiles when Michele smiles at her. Based in this information, Michele's daughter is MOST likely at least _____ months of age or older.

3

A 2-month-old baby boy is removed from severely neglectful parents. Medical professionals describe the boy as "malnourished." With respect to standard growth charts, the baby's weight is MOST likely in the _____ percentile.

3rd

The visual acuity of newborns is about ____ times worse than that of adults with normal vision.

60

Which statement is NOT true about phonemes?

Adults and babies can distinguish phonemes from many languages.

Research by _____ identified prereaching.

Claus Von Hofsten

According to Piaget, infants progress through which two substages in the first few months of life?

Exercising reflex schemas and primary circular reactions

Which statement about infant physical growth is TRUE?

In the first months of life, physical growth occurs at a rapid pace.

Which individual's experience or behavior BEST reflects the function of the brainstem?

Josie, who is blinking

Which choice does NOT correctly match a theorist with an associated concept?

Piaget; operant conditioning

Follow-up studies based on the work of Peter Eimas reveal that:

Very young infants can distinguish sounds from any language, not just their native one.

According to a study by the World Health Organization:

breast-fed babies raised in healthy environments grow in comparable patterns regardless of socioeconomic status and ethnicity.

_____ refers to the practice of having infants sleep in the same bed as their parents.

cosleeping

Which function is NOT among those controlled by the brainstem?

deciscion - making

Karla is 3 months old. She demonstrates each of these visual abilities EXCEPT:

demonstrating adult-like acuity.

Nerve fibers called axons and _____ allow neurons to communicate with one another.

dendrites

Primary circular reactions that have become increasingly fine-tuned and well-suited to specific environmental conditions are the result of:

differentiation

Tim tosses a newly purchased felt mouse across the floor. His cat chases it excitedly, clutches it in its paws, and rolls around with it. Several tosses later, the cat yawns and settles itself for a nap. Tim then rolls a rubber ball in the cat's direction. The cat leaps up and chases the ball, BEST illustrating the process of:

dishabituation

According to the textbook, facial reactions to foul odors "have the adaptive consequence of reducing . . . contact with . . . potentially unhealthy stimul[i]." This statement BEST reflects the _____ perspective in psychology.

evolutionary

Two English-speaking men are from geographically distant regions. One was brought up in Manchester, England, and the other in Dallas, Texas. They both speak the same language but differ extensively in their accent, vocabulary, and inflection. Despite their cultural differences, both men developed language skills because language is:

experience expectant

Thomas and Richard are both English-speaking men but are from geographically distant regions. Thomas was brought up in Brisbane, Australia, and Richard in Indianapolis, Indiana. They both speak the same language but differ extensively in their accent, vocabulary, and inflection. Despite their cultural differences, they both developed language skills because language depends on _____ brain processes.

experience-expectant

Candice tosses a newly purchased felt mouse across the floor; her cat chases it excitedly, clutches it in its paws, and rolls around with it. Several tosses later, her cat yawns pointedly and settles itself for a nap. The change in Candice's cat's behavior BEST illustrates:

habituation

Laurel loses interest in a new song after it is played frequently on her favorite music-streaming station. Laurel's experience BEST illustrates:

habituation

Repeated exposure to an object or event makes an individual accustomed to it and therefore less interested in it. This process is called _____.

habituation

A nurse tells Zhaniya that her newborn's weight is "perfectly average." Based on this information, it is MOST likely that Zhaniya's baby weighed _____ pounds at birth.

just over 7

Baby Escuidro measures 20.25 inches long at birth. Relatively speaking, Escuidro is:

longer than the average baby.

Research by Morrow and colleagues (Morrow et al., 2010) reveals that as compared to infants who are NOT swaddled, infants who are swaddled during a routine heel-stick procedure score ____ on a measure of _____.

lower pain expression

Passing a classroom's open door, Christy hears the instructor explain that dopamine is a chemical by which neurons communicate with one another. Based on this information, Christy realizes that dopamine is a(n):

neurotransmitter

Information is carried from one nerve cell to another by chemicals called:

neurotransmitters

John had a brain tumor removed. Now he has no vision in his left eye. His tumor was MOST likely located in his _____ lobes.

occipital

John had a brain tumor removed. Now he has no vision in his left eye. The tumor was MOST likely located in John's _____ lobes.

occipital

Ralph was involved in a bar fight and sustained a blow to the back of the head from a beer bottle. He was dazed and could not see for about two minutes. Which lobes were MOST likely affected?

occipital

The visual cortex is located in the _____ lobes.

occipital

Earlier in infancy, baby Akira could distinguish between the phonemes /r/ and /l/. Now, however, he cannot, because this distinction is not meaningful is Akira's native Japanese language. Akira's example BEST illustrates:

perceptual narrowing

The pioneering study that revealed that babies can distinguish more phonemes than adults can was conducted by _____ and his colleagues.

peter eimas

Longitudinal research would MOST likely find a(n) _____ correlation between scores on Mary Rothbart's negative affectivity dimension of temperament during infancy and scores on measures of anxiety and depression in adolescence. Assume that higher scores on the measures indicate greater negative affectivity and greater anxiety and depression.

positive

Baby Dana eats and sleeps on a regular schedule. With respect to Chess and Thomas's 9 key traits of temperament, Dana appears to be high in:

rhythmicity.

Every time Mrs. Thomas touches her baby's left cheek, the baby turns that cheek toward her mother and opens her mouth. The reflex that is triggered by the mother's touch is known as the ______ reflex.

rooting

Dr. Salim is a linguist who studies phonemes. Dr. Salim studies:

sounds

Common across many cultures, this practice helps babies maintain behavioral organization and to remain calm.

swaddling

Infants show a preference for _____ tastes.

sweet

Dead-heading a flower refers to eliminating a dead bloom to make way for new growth. This is similar to the process in the brain called _____, when unused neurons and misconnected dendrites die to enable new brain activity.

synaptic pruning

Activity level, adaptability, distractibility, and rhythmicity are among the factors that may be used in assessing an infant's:

temperment

Timothy has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and has mostly auditory hallucinations in which he hears voices. When he is experiencing such a hallucination his _____ lobes are highly active.

temporal

Among parents of infants younger than 3 months of age, excessive crying is:

the most common complaint

Which adjective does NOT describe the skull of an infant?

unyielding

This behavioral method of evaluation looks for an infant's response to one stimulus over others.

visual preference technique