PSY 440 Social Psychology Final

Which of the following is an alternative to Social Facilitation? a. Evaluation apprehension b. Social Learning Theory c. Cognitive Dissonance d. Desensitization

a. Evaluation apprehension

Which of the following is true of groups? a. Groups can be very different from the sum of their parts. b. Groups make better decisions than individuals. c. People work harder in groups than they do alone. d. Discussion moderates group opinions.

a. Groups can be very different from the sum of their parts.

27) True or False. Women are more likely than men to help others in situations involving another man. a. True b. False

a. True

True or False. According to "The Origins of Human Aggression" humans are capable of physical aggression around the age of two. a. True b. False

a. True

True or False. According to the frustration-aggresion hypothesis, frustration always elicits the motive to aggress and all aggression is caused by frustration. a. True b. False

a. True

True or False. Quid pro quo is another term for Reciprocal Altruism. a. True b. False

a. True

All of the following are cues for aggression except a. cold b. violent movies c. noise d. arousing music

a. cold

What is it called when a person sets the stage for the "real" request by first getting someone to comply with a smaller request. a. foot-in-the-door b. low-balling c. that's-not-all d. door-in-the face

a. foot-in-the-door

The primary distinction between altruistic and egoistic helping concerns the a. motivations of the helper b. ratio of rewards to costs c. number of bystanders present d. mood of the helper

a. motivations of the helper

True or False. Highly cohesive groups are not influenced by groupthink? a. True b. False

b. False

True or False. If a person thinks that someone can be blamed for his or her situation, they are more likely to help. a. True b. False

b. False

True or False. Using Group-focused language like ("we" and "us" rather than "I" and "you") is not favorable to new members of groups. a. True b. False

b. False

Normative influence tends to occur primarily when people a. are uncertain regarding the correct answer and therefore look to others for guidance. b. fear the negative social consequences of rejection that can follow appearing deviant. c. are motivated to appear consistent in their feelings and behaviors. d. feel that their freedom to choose a particular course of action has been threatened.

b. fear the negative social consequences of rejection that can follow appearing deviant.

Bullying entails which 3 concepts? a. hate, aggression, repetition. b. power imbalance, repetition, intentional harm c. intentional harm, aggression, fear d. power imbalance, prejudice, hate

b. power imbalance, repetition, intentional harm

In their famous Good Samaritan study, Darley and Batson (1973) found that a. students studying to become minsters were more likely to offer assistance to a stranger than college students. b. seminary students on their way to give a sermon involving the Good Samaritan parable were more likely to offer assistance to a stranger than students preparing sermons on other topics. c. the more religious seminary students were, the more likely they were to stop to offer assistance to a stranger as they walked across campus. d. the topic of the seminarians' talks had little impact on the likelihood that they would help when time was factor.

b. seminary students on their way to give a sermon involving the Good Samaritan parable were more likely to offer assistance to a stranger than students preparing sermons on other topics.

The tendency for the presence of other people to increase performance on easy tasks and impair performance on difficult tasks is known as a. social loafing b. social facilitation c. group polarization d. groupthink

b. social facilitation

Which of the following is not an example of social influence? a. A sports fan who decides to join the other members of the stadium crowd doing the wave. b. A student who hears that some of his fellow classmates may have been to a noxious gas and immediately comes to feel a bit nauseated himself. c. A model who catches a glimpse of herself wearing a swimsuit in a mirror and suddenly becomes self- conscious about the way she looks. d. A guest at a dinner party who does not understand a joke by the host, but laughs anyway because everyone else is laughing.

c. A model who catches a glimpse of herself wearing a swimsuit in a mirror and suddenly becomes self- conscious about the way she looks.

According to "The Origins of Human Aggression," a major take away was a. physical aggression is not established in adolescence b. the biological predisposition to aggression starts in pregnancy c. aggression intervention among adolescents is much too late d. all of the above

c. aggression intervention among adolescents is much too late

Which of the following would most likely be described as a collective? a. students in a small, discussion-focused seminar b. members of sports team c. passengers on a plane d. a boy scout troop

c. passengers on a plane

The cognitive component of empathy that involves seeing the world through someone else's eyes is called: a. anxious introspection b. personal distress c. perspective taking d. empathetic affect

c. perspective taking

Your instructor, Giles, explained that when a cyclist crashed on the Death Ride he did not stop to help, thinking, "someone else will help them." This demonstrates what concept? a. Selfishness b. Learned helplessness c. Aggression d. The Bystander Effect

d. The Bystander Effect

All of the following accounts have been proposed to explain social facilitation except a. the mere presence of others b. apprehension about being evaluated. c. distraction, which can create attentional conflict d. a tendency for people to feel less accountable in a group context

d. a tendency for people to feel less accountable in a group context

The tendency to alter perceptions, opinions, and behavior in ways that are consistent with group norms is called a. psychological reactance b. compliance c. obedience d. conformity

d. conformity

Attentional cues that decrease self-awareness should increase a. groupthink in a decision-making process. b. cooperation in a prisoner's dilemma. c. social facilitation on an easy task d. deindividuated behavior.

d. deindividuated behavior.

Electronic Arts (EA) release of Star Wars Battlefront has been ridiculed for charging $80 to purchase the game and "micro transactions" as hidden costs to play certain classic characters, like "Darth Vader." This is an example of a. foot-in-the door b. that's not all c. door-in-the face d. low-balling

d. low-balling

Edward Snowden's whistleblowing on the CIA and the subsequent movement toward government transparency is an example of what concept? a. obedience to authority b. secret squirrel effect c. idiosyncrasy credits d. minority influence

d. minority influence

When a request is a command and the requester is a figure of authority, the resulting influence is called what? a. conformity b. compliance c. foot-in-the door d. obedience

d. obedience

Robbing a bank because you need money is an example of ____ aggression. a. reactive b. emotional c. institutional d. proactive

d. proactive

Aggressive behavior whereby harm is inflicted as a means to a desired end is known as ____ aggression. a. proactive b. reactive c. emotional d. relational

a. proactive

Actions intended to benefit others are called ____ behaviors. a. prosocial b. altruistic c. egoistic d. aggressive

a. prosocial

Online file-sharing websites depend on the idea of a. reciprocal altruism b. kin selection c. audience inhibition d. the cost-reward model

a. reciprocal altruism

An important part of people's self-worth is derived from group membership, according to a. social identity theory b. the social brain hypothesis c. the escalation effect d. group support systems

a. social identity theory

The negative state relief model of helping behavior a. supports the existence of altruism in the real world. b. applies more to emergencies than to non-emergency situations. c. identifies yet another way in which helping can be egoistic. d. is based on the ego defense mechanism or reaction

a. supports the existence of altruism in the real world.

Groupthink emerges when a. the need for agreement takes priority over the desire to obtain correct information. b. group members feel that they will be unable to compensate for social loafing. c. individual benefits are in conflict with the needs of the group. d. group norms overwhelm individual identities.

a. the need for agreement takes priority over the desire to obtain correct information.

Which psychological principle is used to explain domestic violence, that is often passed down from one generation to the next. a. The norm of reciprocity b. The cycle of violence c. The frustration-aggression hypothesis d. Social learning theory

b. The cycle of violence

The belief that others will or should take the responsibility for providing assistance to a person in need is called a. the bystander effect b. diffusion of responsibility c. pluralistic ignorance d. audience inhibition

b. diffusion of responsibility

Aggression against a substitute target because aggressive acts against the source of the frustration are inhibited by fear or lack of access is called what? a. culture of honor b. displaced anger c. relational aggression d. proactive aggression

b. displaced anger

Sheriff (1936) asked groups of participants to estimate the distance moved by a point of light. He found that a. participants were more accurate when they were alone than when they were in groups. b. participants were more accurate in groups than when they were alone. c. as the study progressed, the participants' estimates began to converge with each other. d. as the study progressed, the participants' estimates began to diverge from each other.

c. as the study progressed, the participants' estimates began to converge with each other.

The ways in which people are affected by the real or imagined presence of others is called a social identity theory. b. psychological reactance. c. pluralistic ignorance. d. social influence.

d. social influence.

Research on attractiveness and helping indicates that a. we are more likely to help attractive people than unattractive people. b. attractive people are less likely to be helped because of jealousy. c. we are less likely to help attractive people because we assume they will reject us. d. attractive people rarely ask for help and are thus helped less.

a. we are more likely to help attractive people than unattractive people.

Which statement is most consistent with the negative state relief model? a. Shoppers who are given a free gift are more likely to donate money to a solicitor as they leave the store b. Students who feel guilty about falling asleep in class are more likely to volunteer to help a professor by completing a questionnaire. c. Professional athletes are more likely to sign autographs for fans following a win than following a loss. d. People who win the lottery are more likely to give money to charity than those who have not won the lottery.

b. Students who feel guilty about falling asleep in class are more likely to volunteer to help a professor by completing a questionnaire.

Which of the following most closely represents the weapons effect? a. The presence of weapons deters individuals from performing aggressive acts, but not from learning the positive reinforcements that are associated with violence. b. The presence of weapons can act as an aggression cue that increases the likelihood of aggressive behaviors. c. Although the presence of weapons does not make aggression more likely, it does tend to increase the severity of aggression. d. Exposure to weapons in the media desensitizes individuals to violence, thus reducing their inhibitions against aggression.

b. The presence of weapons can act as an aggression cue that increases the likelihood of aggressive behaviors.