PSY CH.14
Down syndrome is caused by a. an extra 21st chromosome. c. lack of oxygen at birth. b. a missing 21st chromosome. d. unknown influences.
a. an extra 21st chromosome.
The fact that IQ scores have, on average, risen over the past century is called the ________ effect. a. Cleckley c. Hare b. Flynn d. Graves
b. Flynn
Medication treatment for autistic disorder has been found to be ____________ in addressing the core symptoms of the disorder. a. mildly effective b. ineffective c. generally effective d. highly effective initially, though the benefits of medication decrease over time
b. ineffective
The study of how your genetic makeup influences your response to certain drugs is called _____________. a. behavior genetics b. psychopharmocology c. psychopharmocogenetics d. psychogenetics
c. psychopharmocogenetics
Modern treatment programs for autistic disorder generally involve a. pharmacological treatments. b. psychological supports for communication and socialization problems. c. behavioral approaches. d. all of these
d. all of these
ADHA is found in about _________ of the child populations across all regions of the world. a. 1-2% c. 8-10% b. 3-9% d. 10-13%
b. 3-9%
All of the following are problems observed to result from specific learning disorders EXCEPT _____________. a. low employment b. school drop-out c. drug abuse d. suicidal thoughts and attempts
c. drug abuse
An individual with an IQ score of 35 would be classified with __________ intellectual disability. a. mild c. severe b. moderate d. profound
c. severe
The percentage of people with intellectual disability who are classified as mildly intellectually disabled is approximately ______. a. 90% c. 50% b. 70% d. 25%
a. 90%
5. One of the most common reasons that children are referred for mental health services in the United States is ______________. a. ADHD c. pervasive developmental disorder b. autism d. stuttering
a. ADHD
________ approaches have been found to be successful for teaching individuals with intellectual disability a variety of basic self-care activities. a. Biological c. Humanistic b. Cognitive d. Behavioral
a. Biological
Gene therapy is under development for potential future treatment of those with intellectual disability. If employed, when would this therapy be utilized? a. During the prenatal period b. Immediately after birth c. When puberty begins d. In early or middle adulthood
a. During the prenatal period
What are the three types of symptoms for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder? a. Hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention b. Inattention, distraction, hyperactivity c. Inattention, impulsivity, distraction d. Hypervigilance, increased startle, and distraction
a. Hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention
Ken is a 12-year-old boy of average intelligence as indicated by his IQ scores. He loves school and works hard on his homework. Ken has earned straight As in every subject except math, where he has been achieving grades in the C range. Which of the following statements is correct? a. Ken does not appear to have a specific learning disorder because his achievement is consistent with expectations based on his intelligence. b. Ken appears to have a math disorder because his math grade is so far below his other grades. c. Ken appears to have a math disorder because there is a discrepancy between his intelligence and his achievement in many subjects d. Ken does not appear to have a specific learning disorder because he has shown that he can achieve when he wants to.
a. Ken does not appear to have a specific learning disorder because his achievement is consistent with expectations based on his intelligence.
Which of the following often overlaps with ADHD? a. Oppositional defiant disorder b. Bipolar disorder c. Conduct disorder d. All of the above
a. Oppositional defiant disorder
Which treatment approach has been most clearly documented as benefitting children with autistic disorder by helping to decrease agitation? a. Pharmacological treatment c. School education b. Behavioral approaches d. Parent support
a. Pharmacological treatment
A specific learning disorder is defined as a. academic performance that is substantially below the level predicted by the individual's age, IQ, and education. b. a complete inability to learn in a given academic subject. c. substandard IQ score in comparison to the individual's family and educational background. d. the existence of a neurological deficit that interferes with the individual's ability to assimilate new information.
a. academic performance that is substantially below the level predicted by the individual's age, IQ, and education.
Breaking a skill down into its component parts for teaching purposes is called task _______. a. analysis c. acceptance b. awareness d. articulation
a. analysis
Although not classified as "developmental disorders", most psychological disorders can be considered developmental in nature because they a. appear early in life and change over the lifespan. b. have a genetic component. c. lack biological causes and are influenced by learning. d. are unique to children.
a. appear early in life and change over the lifespan.
Research by Lovaas (1987) and others suggest that intervention for autism may be most effective when it is provided ______________. a. at as young an age as possible c. during late childhood/early adolescence b. during adolescence d. to adults
a. at as young an age as possible
Robin is a 3-year-old girl who appears uninterested in people. She generally interacts with her mom only when she needs something. In some ways, Robin seems to be interested in her mother only as a tool to help her get what she wants. Robin would probably be diagnosed with a. autistic disorder. b. childhood disintegrative disorder c. ADHD d. a specific learning disorder.
a. autistic disorder.
Generally speaking, the treatment for a child with autistic disorder should involve a. behavioral therapy, school education, and a focus on developing as much independence as possible. b. behavioral therapy, home schooling, and a focus on developing as much independence as possible. c. cognitive therapy, school education, and a focus on developing as much independence as possible. d. behavioral therapy and a focus on provisions for long-term custodial care.
a. behavioral therapy, school education, and a focus on developing as much independence as possible.
The inattention category of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms is characterized by _______________. a. careless mistakes c. not waiting one's turn to answer questions b. fidgeting d. accelerated motor skills
a. careless mistakes
The age before which symptoms must be evident in order to substantiate a diagnosis of intellectual disability is a. fairly arbitrary. b. based on medical considerations. c. based on the significant differences found in individuals who are either just above or just below the designated age. d. based on studies showing that the designated level separates most individuals with brain deficits from those who do not have such abnormalities.
a. fairly arbitrary.
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is an example of a a. genetic disorder that causes intellectual disability. b. cluster of symptoms displayed by some intellectually disabled individuals. c. form of cerebral palsy. d. viral infection that causes intellectual disability.
a. genetic disorder that causes intellectual disability
Monte is a 3-year-old boy recently diagnosed with autistic disorder. He appears completely unresponsive to his parents and shows no indication of any language development. Monte seems uninterested in communication of any kind and has significant rituals such as lining up his toys and realigning them every few minutes. He becomes hysterical if anyone interrupts his ritualistic activity. On an IQ assessment designed for very young children, Monte's score was extremely low. His prognosis is poor primarily because of a. lack of language acquisition and low IQ. b. low IQ and early age of onset. c. early age of onset and lack of language acquisition. d. ritualistic behavior and disinterest in his parents.
a. lack of language acquisition and low IQ.
An individual with an IQ score of 60 would be classified with _______ intellectual disability. a. mild c. severe b. moderate d. profound
a. mild
The ability to perform "computer-like" mathematical calculations and other incredible skills that are sometimes associated with autistic individuals (such as the character in the movie Rain Man) are a. not typical of the disorder. b. a defining symptom of the disorder. c. fairly common but not present in every autistic individual. d. a complete myth and not possible for any autistic individual.
a. not typical of the disorder.
Stimulant medications seem to treat ADHD because they a. reinforce the brain's ability to focus attention. b. decrease emotional response. c. distribute attention. d. increase dream sleep.
a. reinforce the brain's ability to focus attention.
Studies with identical twins have indicated that reading disorders a. run in families. b. have no genetic component. c. are influenced more by learning than genetics. d. have a smaller genetic component than mathematics disorders.
a. run in families.
Recent ADHD research has focused on endophenotypic correlates of a. specific attentional characteristics. b. emotional control. c. extraverted characteristics. d. environmental factors.
a. specific attentional characteristics.
Alvin is a 10-year-old boy diagnosed with a mathematics disorder. His treatment plan will most likely involve a. teaching him different strategies to improve cognitive skills. b. stimulant medication. c. developing an educational plan that exempts him from mathematics requirements. d. placing him in a school for children with a specific learning disorder
a. teaching him different strategies to improve cognitive skills.
The reason that "onset prior to age 18" is part of the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for intellectual disability is that a. the diagnosis indicates that the individual was affected during the developmental period. b. the diagnosis is not intended to include individuals who have suffered any form of brain damage. c. the diagnosis has legal implications for children. d. this diagnosis is reserved for children; other diagnostic terms are applied once the mentally retarded individual reaches the age of 18.
a. the diagnosis indicates that the individual was affected during the developmental period.
Down syndrome can be detected by a. the first trimester of pregnancy. c. ages 1-2. b. only at birth. d. adolescence.
a. the first trimester of pregnancy.
Research on supported employment indicates that a. the practice can be cost-effective. b. the costs outweigh the benefits. c. the mentally retarded rarely find meaningful jobs. d. mentally retarded individuals cannot be a productive part of society.
a. the practice can be cost-effective.
The fact that reading disorders occur most often in English-speaking countries may be due to a. the relative difficulty of English. b. differences in left-brain dominance across cultures. c. differences in right-brain dominance across cultures. d. different educational practices across cultures.
a. the relative difficulty of English.
The reason that intellectual disability was recorded on the same DSM-IV axis as personality disorders is because a. this axis relates to relatively chronic conditions that are less responsive to treatment. b. intellectual disability and personality disorder generally have similar causes. c. intellectual disability and personality disorder are generally treated using similar methods. d. this axis relates to biologically influenced conditions.
a. this axis relates to relatively chronic conditions that are less responsive to treatment.
One of the most characteristic patterns for children with autistic disorder is that they are generally a. uninterested in people. b. very intelligent. c. extremely talkative. d. hyperactive.
a. uninterested in people.
Current estimates (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013) are that approximately ___________ children in the United States are being treated with stimulant medications. a. 1 million c. 10 million b. 4 million d. 14.5 million
b. 4 million
Jim is a teen who has no friends. Although he is quite verbal, he speaks in a strange and formal style of speech. Jim is obsessed with airplanes and behaves in a very strange way. He is very self-focused and does not understand the concept of social reciprocity. The most likely form of autistic spectrum disorder affecting Jim is ____________. a. childhood disintegrative disorder b. Asperger's disorder c. Rett's disorder d. autistic disorder
b. Asperger's disorder
Which of the following is currently being researched as a possible cause of autistic disorder? a. The neuronal structure of the hippocampus b. The levels of the neuropeptide oxytocin c. The mercury used as a preservative in childhood vaccines d. All of these
b. The levels of the neuropeptide oxytocin
The diagnostic criteria for intellectual disability include an assessment of adaptive functioning because an IQ score is a. not a measure of intelligence. b. an insufficient measure of impairment. c. is not adjusted statistically for people of different ages. d. score is always highly inaccurate.
b. an insufficient measure of impairment.
The restricted pattern of behavior generally observed in autistic disorder involves a. repetitive movements such as spinning in circles. b. an intense preference for keeping things the same. c. inappropriate communication patterns. d. lack of recognition of significant others.
b. an intense preference for keeping things the same.
Research on the social skills of people with autistic disorder suggests that people with the condition a. are interested in socialization but do not know how to socialize. b. are not interested in socialization. c. enjoy social relationships but cannot express this joy. d. none of these
b. are not interested in socialization.
Some success has been noted in the development of communication skills in autistic children through the use of a. modeling appropriate communication. b. behavioral procedures involving shaping and discrimination training. c. intensive therapy where the patient is placed in many social situations. d. stimulant medications.
b. behavioral procedures involving shaping and discrimination training.
Non-medication treatments for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder usually involve a. interpersonal therapy. b. behavioral programs and social skills training. c. brief, inpatient treatment at a specialty hospital. d. cognitive behavioral therapy and diet control.
b. behavioral programs and social skills training.
Intellectual disability is defined as a. below-average intellectual ability. b. below-average intellectual ability and adaptive functioning. c. significant deficits in self-care abilities. d. low IQ score.
b. below-average intellectual ability and adaptive functioning.
When there are no known genetic or organic influences, the causes of intellectual disability are generally considered to be ______________. a. substances c. prenatal b. cultural-familial d. completely unknown
b. cultural-familial
Treatment for specific learning disorders generally involves a. stimulant medication. b. educational intervention and assistance. c. family therapy. d. cognitive-behavioral therapy.
b. educational intervention and assistance.
24. Neurotransmitters implicated in the cause of ADHD include all of the following EXCEPT ______________. a. dopamine c. norepinephrine b. glutamate d. GABA
b. glutamate
Prenatal gene therapy refers to the future possibility of using genetic techniques to a. detect intellectual disability before birth. b. intervene in brain development prior to birth. c. counsel parents about their risks of having a child with intellectual disability. d. avoid misdiagnosing intellectual disability .
b. intervene in brain development prior to birth.
An individual diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder will always present with a. hyperactive behavior that alternates with periods of distraction. b. patterns of inattention or hyperactivity and impulsivity. c. both patterns of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. d. periods of distraction that lead to hyperactive/impulsive behavior.
b. patterns of inattention or hyperactivity and impulsivity.
One thing that the Life Skills Training and Bullying programs have in common ("Abnormal Psychology Live" CD) is that they both focus on __________. a. home and school behaviors c. helping victims b. prevention d. criminal activity
b. prevention
The DSM-IV criteria for intellectual disability are an IQ that is a. significantly below average and symptom onset prior to age 18. b. significantly below average, deficits in adaptive functioning, and onset prior to age 18. c. significantly below average, deficits in communication, and onset prior to age 18. d. significantly below average and deficits in adaptive functioning.
b. significantly below average, deficits in adaptive functioning, and onset prior to age 18.
The main reason that it is so important to identify children with developmental disorders as early as possible is that a. medications are most effective when administered at an early stage of the disorder. b. skill deficits can be identified and addressed before they impact later development. c. family functioning often declines as the developmental disorder progresses. d. children are more receptive to therapy when they are young.
b. skill deficits can be identified and addressed before they impact later development.
The results of behavioral treatment targeting the socialization deficits of individuals with autistic disorder have shown a. no improvement. b. that those with autism can improve their socialization skills. c. that those with autism can significantly improve their socialization skills. d. that there is some improvement but it is not permanent.
b. that those with autism can improve their socialization skills.
The drug Strattera (atomoxetine) appears effective for some children with ADHD, and according to recent research, does not cause the same _______ as stimulant medication when used in larger doses. a. intolerance c. "high" b. withdrawal symptoms d. academic disturbance
c. "high"
Based on a telephone survey of parents in the United States, researchers found that ______ percent of kids between 4 and 17 years of age were diagnosed with ADHD between 2011 and 2012. a. 2.5 b. 6 c. 9 d. 11
c. 9
Recent research has found the following with regard to causes of ADHD: a. Food colors and additives, which for years were thought to cause ADHD, then later refuted, now appear to have a small but measurable impact on increased levels of hyperactivity. b. Pesticides found in foods may be a contributing factor to an increased risk of ADHD. c. Both a and b d. Neither a or b
c. Both a and b
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of ADHD? a. Inattention c. Self-control b. Learning disabilities d. Fidgeting
c. Self-control
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding an individual who is classified as mildly intellectually disabled? a. She can live independently b. She requires continual supervision and assistance. c. She is unlikely to ever be able to hold a meaningful job. d. She will not be able to make it past 5th grade in school.
c. She is unlikely to ever be able to hold a meaningful job.
Why would it be incorrect to say that individuals diagnosed with specific learning disorders are not intelligent? a. It would confuse specific learning disorders with giftedness. b. The concept of specific learning disorder has absolutely nothing to do with intelligence. c. Specific learning disorders can be diagnosed in people of any intelligence, since they are partially determined by academic performance that falls substantially below IQ-based expectations. d. Specific learning disorders are only diagnosed in people of high intelligence.
c. Specific learning disorders can be diagnosed in people of any intelligence, since they are partially determined by academic performance that falls substantially below IQ-based expectations.
Researchers, studying the brain of individuals with autistic disorder, suggest that one area of the brain that may be involved with the disorder is the ___________. a. brain stem c. amygdala b. hypothalamus d. reticular formation
c. amygdala
Most autistic individuals develop symptoms of the disorder ________. a. at birth b. before age one c. before age three d. before teen years
c. before age three
Individuals with intellectual disability show an extremely a. similar range of abilities and personalities. b. similar range of abilities, although personality varies greatly. c. broad range of abilities and personalities. d. varied ranges of abilities, although personality tends to be quite similar.
c. broad range of abilities and personalities.
Johnny is a 2-year-old boy who has no motivation to interact with other people. His absence of interest in people may also lead to severe deficits in his ability to ______________. a. amuse himself c. communicate b. think d. walk
c. communicate
An appropriate treatment goal for an individual with mild or moderate intellectual disability is a. resolution of symptoms by age 18. c. improve abilities to care for self. b. increase intellectual functioning by 15%. d. select an institution for long-term care.
c. improve abilities to care for self.
Jane is a 14-year-old autistic girl currently participating in a behavioral social skills training program for autistic adolescents. Jane's most likely outcome from this program is a. relatively normal socialization for her age. b. no progress at all. c. improvement in her socialization skills. d. significant improvement in her socialization skills.
c. improvement in her socialization skills.
The goal of most modern therapy for people with autistic disorder is to a. have the child and family accept the inherent limitations of the disorder. b. provide a separate and secure environment for the individual. c. integrate the autistic child into regular society as much as possible. d. isolate autistic children in intensive therapy for as long as possible before attempting to introduce them into the larger world.
c. integrate the autistic child into regular society as much as possible.
Research regarding early intervention programs such as Head Start indicates that such programs a. are ineffective. b. may help improve the functioning of mentally retarded children. c. may help prevent "at risk" children from developing cultural-familial disability. d. help parents manage the behavior of their mentally retarded children.
c. may help prevent "at risk" children from developing cultural-familial disability.
Ron is a 9-year-old boy recently diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. His parents have chosen a combined approach to treatment. If their approach is based on what research suggests is most effective, it will most likely involve a. new experimental medications and behavior therapy. b. no medication but a combination of behavioral therapy and parent training c. medication such as Ritalin and behavior therapy. d. medication such as Ritalin and psychoanalysis.
c. medication such as Ritalin and behavior therapy.
Based on the research of Lovaas (1987), improvements in the intellectual and educational functioning of autistic children have been documented for intervention programs that a. use a group therapy model. b. provide multiple therapists. c. meet for 40 hours or more per week. d. are school based.
c. meet for 40 hours or more per week.
Psychological disorders are considered developmental disorders when there is a a. change in symptoms over the lifespan. b. genetic component to the disorder. c. neurological basis for the condition. d. general decline in functioning over time.
c. neurological basis for the condition.
Fragile X syndrome a. is caused by too many X chromosomes on a gene. b. is similar to Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. c. primarily affects males. d. results in an inability to metabolize certain amino acids.
c. primarily affects males.
An alternative to using the discrepancy between IQ and achievement in identifying children with specific learning disorders is a. discrepancy prognosis. c. response to intervention. b. learning intervention strategy. d. none of the above
c. response to intervention.
Jean is a 14-year-old girl with autistic disorder who seems compelled to run around touching each door every time she comes home. If she is prevented from touching each door, Jean has a tantrum. This is an example of a. restricted behavior pattern. b. social impairment. c. ritualistic behavior. d. maintenance of sameness.
c. ritualistic behavior.
Ritalin and Adderall, medications generally used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, are classified as ____________. a. minor sedatives b. depressants c. stimulants d. antidepressants
c. stimulants
Given the available intervention strategies for specific learning disorders, the method that probably has the best chance of overcoming the specific learning disorder is a. development of better study skills. b. efforts to develop compensating cognitive skills. c. systematic instruction and teaching for mastery. d. improving overall intelligence.
c. systematic instruction and teaching for mastery.
Recent research has shown that a. ADHD is found equally among boys and girls. b. ADHD is caused by a single gene called DAT 1. c. the brains of children with ADHD are 3% to 4% smaller than children without ADHD. d. The same medications used to treat depressive symptoms are the most effective at reducing symptoms of ADHD.
c. the brains of children with ADHD are 3% to 4% smaller than children without ADHD.
The most accurate statement with regard to the genetic influences of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a. there are no known genetic influences. b. there appears to be a single gene influence. c. there appear to be multiple genetic influences. d. defects on the Y chromosome are the major influence.
c. there appear to be multiple genetic influences.
Because the diagnosis of ADHD is comparable across countries, a. ADHD is considered normal high activity level of children. b. it is now found to be equally prevalent among boys and girls. c. this suggests that ADHD is should not be thought to be the result of intolerant parents. d. this suggests that ADHD has significantly increased and spread worldwide.
c. this suggests that ADHD is should not be thought to be the result of intolerant parents.
The incidence of a child being born with Down syndrome to a mother at age 35 is 1 in 500 births. The risk at maternal age 45 is 1 in ___ births. a. 250 b. 100 c. 50 d. 18
d. 18
Parents who have a child with autism spectrum disorder have about a ____ percent chance of having another child with such a disorder. This rate is more than 100 times the risk in the general population, lending weight to the idea that there is a strong genetic component to these conditions. a. 2 b. 8 c. 13 d. 29
d. 29
14. Which of the following often overlaps with ADHD? a. Oppositional defiant disorder b. Bipolar disorder c. Conduct disorder d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following environmental influences has been found to contribute to the development of ADHD? a. Prenatal smoking b. Low socioeconomic status c. Parental marital instability and discord d. All of the above
d. All of the above
ADHD tends to occur in families where another family member has ADHD and with increased rates of all but which of the following? a. Conduct disorders c. Substance abuse b. Mood disorders d. Eating disorders
d. Eating disorders
Which of the following is not one of the medications that has been found to reduce the core symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity, as well as improving concentration, in those with ADHD? a. Ritalin c. Strattera b. Adderall d. Haldol
d. Haldol
In terms of the level of support that will be necessary for an autistic child, which factor is used as a predictor to determine the prognosis? a. Age of onset c. Rate of symptom progression b. Severity of initial symptoms d. IQ
d. IQ
Samantha is a sixth-grade girl who has great difficulty in school. She pays attention and works hard but appears to have trouble remembering facts and concepts that she has read about. Before we can determine whether Samantha has a learning disability, it is most important to know her ____________. a. family history c. math skills b. social skills d. IQ
d. IQ
Which is the most accurate statement regarding the causes of intellectual disability? a. It is caused by genetics. b. It has four known causes. c. It is caused by either substances or trauma. d. It has hundreds of known causes.
d. It has hundreds of known causes.
Which best describes the way attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) develops as children grow into adulthood? a. Children tend to outgrow ADHD. b. ADHD tends to evolve into more severe forms of pathology. c. Symptoms remain relatively stable throughout the lifespan for most individuals. d. Manifestations of ADHD tend to change over time but many problems often persist.
d. Manifestations of ADHD tend to change over time but many problems often persist.
Which area of learning is affected by a specific learning disorder in approximately 4% to 10% of the population? a. Written expression b. Oral communication c. Mathematics d. Reading
d. Reading
29. Clorinda is very concerned about giving her son Mario medication to treat his hyperactivity. She read that the use of prescription medications to treat ADHD places children at increased risk for later substance abuse. If she were to treat her son with medication, which would be the best one to give him that would address these concerns? a. Ritalin c. Adderall b. Cylert d. Strattera
d. Strattera
Recent research has shown that ADHD a. is considered to be highly influenced by genetics with a relatively small role played by environmental influences. b. is caused by multiple genes c. appears be related to the neurotransmitter dopamine. d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Jake is an 8-year old boy with autistic disorder whose parents have just been informed that their son will be provided with whatever special psychological support he needs. Jake's parents should a. insist on a special education classroom since research suggests this is best for autistic children. b. consider changing schools because it is obvious that Jake's school knows nothing about the needs of autistic children. c. be relieved that Jake's autism must be very mild since the school would not place a child with significant autistic deficits in a regular classroom. d. be pleased since research suggests that this approach is best for children with autistic disorder.
d. be pleased since research suggests that this approach is best for children with autistic disorder.
In order to diagnose an individual with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, it is necessary for symptoms to be present in a. both symptom clusters. c. the area of impulsivity. b. the hyperactivity cluster. d. either of the symptom categories.
d. either of the symptom categories.
16. The hypothesis that attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be influenced by toxins, food additives, or diet a. is based on well-controlled studies. b. is not well understood or studied, but generally effective as a treatment. c. appears true for a small subset of individuals diagnosed with ADHD. d. has little to no scientific evidence.
d. has little to no scientific evidence.
Fran is a 25-year-old woman who has been having a great deal of difficulty taking care of herself. Her IQ score is 68, though this surprises her parents because they recall that her IQ was tested several times when she was in school and it was always in the 80s. The diagnosis of intellectual disability for Fran is a. appropriate because she meets the criteria for IQ and has difficulty with self-care. b. inappropriate because she does not meet the IQ criterion. c. inappropriate because we do not have sufficient evidence of impairment. d. inappropriate because she did not appear to meet criteria before age 18.
d. inappropriate because she did not appear to meet criteria before age 18.
Joe is 24 years old, lives in a rural area, and works as a helper/stock boy in a small local store. Joe's IQ was tested when he was in elementary school and again in high school. His IQ score was about 68 and he did not finish high school. Joe lives in a guesthouse on his parents' farm, and although he does spend lots of time with his family, he takes care of himself. Based on the information provided, Joe should receive a diagnosis of ______________. a. intellectual disability b. borderline intellectual disability c. specific learning disorder d. no diagnosis
d. no diagnosis
Research regarding the behavior of the parents of autistic children suggests that autistic disorder is a. the result of cold and aloof parenting. b. the result of a complex interaction of genetics and parenting style. c. the result of overindulgent parenting style. d. not the result of parenting behaviors.
d. not the result of parenting behaviors.
All of the following are typical behaviors for children with autistic disorder EXCEPT a. spinning a wheel on a toy truck and starring at it for hours. b. throwing a loud tantrum when prevented from carrying out a ritual. c. becoming wildly upset when one toy was removed from the shelf. d. performing complex math calculations that appear well beyond their abilities.
d. performing complex math calculations that appear well beyond their abilities.
An appropriate treatment goal for a child with autistic disorder a. resolution of all autistic symptoms by age 18. b. immediate cessation of ritualistic behaviors. c. development of normal social skills by age 18. d. reduction in tantrums and enhancement of communication skills.
d. reduction in tantrums and enhancement of communication skills.
All of the following were previously classified as pervasive developmental disorders EXCEPT a. childhood disintegrative disorder. b. Rett's disorder. c. autistic disorder. d. specific learning disorder.
d. specific learning disorder.
The major difference between the DSM-5 system of classification of levels of intellectual disability and the American Association on Intellectual Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) system is that the AAIDD system is based on ___________. a. abilities c. IQ b. disabilities d. support required
d. support required
3. The major reason that developmental disorders are considered to be so serious in terms of their capacity to disrupt later functioning is a. the fact that medications used in children can have long-term effects. b. the impact that they have on family functioning. c. that the purely biological nature of developmental disorders leads to subsequent developmental failures. d. that failure to develop at one level is thought to inhibit later stages of development.
d. that failure to develop at one level is thought to inhibit later stages of development.
One intriguing finding from research involving reading disordered individuals who speak multiple languages is that a. reading disorders are independent of culture/language. b. individuals who speak more than one language rarely have specific learning disorders. c. evidence of the reading disorder may exist for one or two languages, while the individual may be completely free of the disorder in another language. d. the complexity of the English language may contribute to the higher rate of reading disorder in English- speaking countries.
d. the complexity of the English language may contribute to the higher rate of reading disorder in English- speaking countries.
The authors of the textbook report an interview with a patient named Robert Edwards. Robert's lucid description of his internal experiences reflects a. his delusional behavior. b. his limited cognitive abilities. c. abnormal sensory experiences. d. the highly logical and factual of his thinking.
d. the highly logical and factual of his thinking.
All of the following side effects EXCEPT ____________ are associated some of the medications that are used to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. a. insomnia c. irritability b. drowsiness d. weight gain
d. weight gain
