PSY ch.15

Lifestyle habits that are encouraged to reduce osteoporosis include which of the following? Select all that apply.

-Avoiding smoking -Avoiding heavy drinking -Getting proper nutrition

Untreated diabetes can lead to which of the following? Select all that apply

-Blindness -Kidney disease -Loss of limbs -Heart disease -Stroke

Menopause hormone therapy increases the risk for which of the following, especially for women over the age of 60 or women who use hormones for extended periods of time? Select all that apply.

-Cardiac disease -Dangerous blood clots -Stroke -Bone loss

Hypertension is an increasingly important concern from midlife on as a risk factor for which of the following? Select all that apply.

-Cardiovascular disease -Kidney disease

The gender gap in deaths from heart disease has narrowed. What explains this phenomenon?

-Doctors are more likely to recognize and treat heart disease in men. -Rising rates of obesity and diabetes in women.

People in lower-SES groups tend to have poorer health, which may be related to which of the following? Select all that apply.

-Having less control over life -Having more stress -Lack of health insurance.

Which of the following are common sources of stress in midlife? Select all that apply.

-Health -Personal debt -Housing instability -Hunger -Work and money

Adults with serious psychological distress are more likely than their peers to be diagnosed with which of the following? Select all that apply.

-Heart disease -Stroke -Arthritis

In order to solve problems in their domain, experts are more likely than novices to use which of the following strategies? Select all that apply.

-Identifying shortcuts -Processing information automatically -Flexibility and creativity

Physical activity in middle age can result in which of the following? Select all that apply.

-Increased chances of remaining mobile in old age -Increased chances of avoiding weight gain -Increased chances of staying healthier longer in the life span -Better cognitive functioning at midlife

Which of the following are the most commonly reported symptoms of menopause? Select all that apply.

-Night sweats -Hot flashes

Which of the following are among the risk factors for osteoporosis in white women, who account for almost three out of four cases of the condition? Select all that apply.

-Premenopausal surgical removal of ovaries -Having a small frame -A family history of osteoporosis

Which statements regarding hearing loss in middle adulthood are true?

-Sensitivity to high pitches usually declines first. -There are gender differences in hearing loss, although they may be due to environmental factors. -Hearing loss due to environmental noise can be avoided by using hearing protectors.

Regarding physical appearance, middle-aged adults may notice which of the following changes? Select all that appkly.

-Skin is less smooth. -Hair becomes thinner. -Hair becomes gray

Which of the following can protect against declining muscle strength in middle age? Select all that apply.

-Strength training -High-protein diet

New guidelines (since 2017) for the treatment and management of osteoporosis in both men and women include which of the following? Select all that apply.

-Taking biophosphonate drugs -aking a holistic approach to treatment decisions

Which of the following physical changes occur in the brain as age increases? Select all that apply.

-The volume of gray matter decreases. -Myelin begins to break down.

Which of the following describe adults who use integrative thinking? Select all that apply.

-They interpret what they read and see into what is meaningful. -They can put together conflicting facts and ideas.

Which of the following describes vision changes in middle age? Select all that apply.

-Visual difficulty poses a problem when reading fine print -The eyes do not adapt to sudden changes in light as effectively -Night driving can be problematic

Adults more likely to retain cognitive functions do which of the following?

-Work in a cognitively stimulating environment -Stay physically active -Read and write on a regular basis

Which of the following describe highly creative people? Select all that apply.

-open to new experiences -High in positive affect -Independent

Creativity in mathematics and physics tends to peak in the

20s and 30s.

Novelists, historians, and philosophers tend to peak around age

40

Middle adulthood is defined as the years from

40 to 65

Some loss of muscle strength is usually noticeable by age

45.

Who is more likely to have presbycusis?

55-year-old male

One in _____ American women develop breast cancer at some point in their lives.

8

_____ is the minimum amount of energy, typically measured in calories, that your body needs to maintain vital functions while resting.

Basal metabolism

What can a person do to improve bone health?

Consume calcium-rich foods and do resistance training.

Which statement is true of creative achievers?

Creative achievers often have strong emotions toward a subject that is highly organized.

_____ intelligence is largely dependent on education and culture.

Crystallized

Which of the following activities would difficult for a middle-aged adult?

Driving while listening to children bickering in the back seat

A 60 year-old person is likely to experience which of the following?

Foods taste different than earlier in life.

disease becomes more common beginning in the late 40s or early 50s.

Heart

In 2017, which group had the lowest rates of health care coverage (83.9 percent) in the United States?

Hispanics

has been associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease and mortality for postmenopausal women and with an increased risk of death from heart attack in men.

Hostility

What is the most common reason for which women seek medical attention related to menopause?

Hot flashes

Which statement regarding perimenopause is FALSE?

It is most common in the 30s but can occur in the 20s.

Who is more likely to have a greater degree of limitations in daily living as a result of chronic health conditions in middle age?

Men and women show roughly the same degree of limitations.

What appears to be the most effective intervention for hot flashes and night sweats associated with menopause?

Menopause hormone therapy

When is expertise more likely to occur? Multiple choice question.

Middle adulthood

Which of the following statements regarding sexual behavior in middle adulthood is FALSE?

Middle-aged men engage in more sexual touching, kissing, and hugging than middle-aged women.

is the condition in which the bones become thin and brittle as a result of rapid calcium depletion.

Osteoporosis

Viagra, or , is a safe and effective treatment for erectile dysfunction.

Sildenafil

What phrase describes women's typical stress response pattern?

Tend and befriend

At what age is it recommended that women begin routine screening for breast cancer?

There is disagreement among medical professionals and organizations about exact age guidelines.

How did the increase in the Social Security retirement age and the passage of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act affect retirement in the United States?

They have helped mature workers keep their jobs.

True or false: Chronic stress can lead to persistent inflammation and, over time, to disease.

True

True or false: Hormone treatment, when started at menopause and continued for at least 5 years, slows postmenopausal bone loss.

True

True or false: More than half of adults reported lying awake at night in the past month due to stress.

True

Negative emotions can be beneficial in which of the following contexts?

When they are elicited in negative contexts

Which statement regarding bone loss is true?

Women experience twice the rate of bone loss as men.

In midlife, taste is likely to

be less sensitive than in young adulthood.

Vital capacity appears to ______ at about age 40.

decrease

A disease in which the body does not produce sufficient insulin is called

diabetes

The most recent research on HT and cardiovascular disease and mortality is that it

does not impact the risk of either.

The process that allows expertise to compensate for declines in information-processing ability by bundling relevant knowledge together is called

encapsulation

The vast majority of breast cancer cases are

environmentally influenced.

The inability to adequately achieve and maintain an erection is known as .

erectile dysfuntion

Flexibility and creativity in problem solving are characteristics of (novices/experts)

experts

True or false: Social inequalities have a minimal impact on health in middle age.

false

A person's ability to solve novel problems is known as intelligence.

fluid

Research into the cause of racial and ethnic disparities in health has

found distinctive variations in the DNA code among people of different ancestry.

On average, middle-aged adults tend to

gain weight.

The largest area of non-degree-granting work credential programs involves training in

health care.

Hearing loss appears to be most noticeable in the ______ frequencies.

higher

Treatment with artificial estrogen, sometimes in combination with the hormone progesterone, to relieve or prevent postmenopause symptoms is called

hormone treatment therapy

Chronically high blood pressure is called .

hypertension.

Stress can negatively affect the system.

immune

The process of adding new information by filtering it through life experiences is called thought, which is an important aspect of postformal thinking

integrative

Compared to early adulthood, sexual activity in middle adulthood is _____ frequent.

less

Expanding technology and shifting job markets require a _____ approach to learning.

life-span

An adult's ability to use printed and written information is called .

literacy

Middle-aged and older adults tend to have _____ literacy levels compared to young adults.

lower

A diagnostic X-ray examination of the breasts is called a

mammography

The time period between one's 40s and 60s is known as adulthood.

middle

Findings from the Seattle Longitudinal Study of cognitive abilities indicated that

most participants showed remarkable stability over time.

Compared to younger adults, middle-aged adults have more trouble with ______ due to an increasing inability to ignore distractions.

multitasking

Myopia is also called

nearsightedness

Jackie is in the years before menopause but is experiencing some physiological changes. She is in the stage called .

perimenopause

Before bringing their working lives to a complete stop, people may reduce work hours or days, gradually moving into retirement over a number of years in a practice called

phased retirement.

Which of the following stressors is most likely to result in disease?

poverty

The most troublesome physical effects of menopause are linked to

reduced levels of estrogen.

At midlife, basal metabolism

slows and provides less energy.

is the damage that occurs when perceived environmental demands exceed a person's capacity to cope with them.

stress

Results of the Seattle Longitudinal study indicated that

there was little change in cognitive abilities in midlife.

In middle age, _____ in particular seems to affect health.

weight