PSY Chapter 14

Freud + focus of the libido

1. Oral stage (0-18 mo): pleasure centers mouth 2. Anal stage (18-36 mo): bowl + bladder disposal 3. Phallic stage (3-6 yrs): pleasure zone shifts to genitals -oedipus complex: young boy develops feelings toward mother + jealousy toward father -electra complex: young girl develops romantic feelings toward father + sees mother as rival 4. Latency stage (6 to puberty): sexual feelings repressed 5. Genital stage (puberty +): sexual and romantic feelings develop

Before your first date with a psychologist, she wants you take the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. You are uncomfortable taking a personality test for someone you barely know. What argument can you use to persuade this psychologist that you should NOT take the test?

According to a National Research Council report, "the popularity of this test in the absence of proven scientific worth is troublesome."

This neo-Freudian proposed the collective unconscious.

Carl Jung

Along with Abraham Maslow, _____ represented the humanistic perspective on personality.

Carl Rogers

_____ emphasized the importance of one's self-concept.

Carl Rogers

Which person is NOT classified as a neo-Freudian? Carl Jung Abraham Maslow Abraham Maslow Alfred Adler Karen Horney

Correct: Abraham Maslow

Helena is afraid to express anger toward her overbearing and irritating supervisor. Instead, she is critical of her children. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Helena's reaction to her children illustrates _____.

Displacement (involves taking out our frustrations, feelings, and impulses on people or objects that are less threatening)

According to Freud, the _____ contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy the basic sexual and aggressive drives.

ID

The _____ attempts to classify people according to Carl Jung's personality types.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

The ______________ attempts to classify people according to Carl Jung's personality types.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Extraversion

Seek social interaction and adventure and maintain a high level of physical activity

Freud suggested that adults with _____ exhibited either passive dependence or an exaggerated denial of this dependence.

an oral fixation

Openness

attracted to new ideas and new ways of doing things; appreciation for art, imagination, and credibility

Those who oppose Freud's views believe that slips of the tongue can be explained as:

competition between similar word choices in our memory network.

The humanistic perspective on personality: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

emphasizes the growth potential of healthy individuals.

Clusters of behavior tendencies that occur together are called:

factors

The _____ effect is the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors.

false consensus

According to Freud, the lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier stage of psychosexual development is called:

fixation.

People high in the quality of _____ are open with their feelings and are transparent and self-disclosing.

genuineness

Id

immediate gratification; in unconscious; satisfies sexual and aggressive drives (evil)

The unconscious involves _____ memories that operate without conscious recall.

implicit

Researchers have found that personality develops and changes over the life span. Conscientiousness, agreeableness, and extraversion continue to _____ over the life span, and neuroticism _____.

increase; decreases

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a popular inventory that classifies people into personality types based on their responses to a series of questions. According to the National Research Council, this test:

lacks proven scientific worth.

Ego

largely conscious; copes with external world; reality perspective (angel)

Libido

life force or pleasure seeking energy

A humanistic psychotherapist might try to reveal a client's identity by collecting a rich narrative detailing their unique life history. This technique is called the _____ approach.

life story

With regard to reliability and validity, compared with other measures of personality, the Rorschach inkblot test has _____ reliability _____validity.

low; and

Angela remembers a dream in which she boarded a train that entered a dark tunnel. According to Sigmund Freud's theory, the dream images that Angela remembers, such as the train and the tunnel, are called the _____ content.

manifest

Neuroticism

negative emotionally and emotional instability, along with inability to cope with stress

This Big Five personality factor involves the following endpoints: imaginative versus practical and independent versus conforming.

openness

The old saying, "That is the pot calling the kettle black," is a good example of this defense mechanism.

projection

In 1921, Hermann Rorschach introduced what has become the MOST widely used _____ test.

projective

Sigmund Freud is associated with the _____ theory of personality.

psychoanalytic

The _____ theory of personality emphasizes the influence of childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations.

psychoanalytic

With respect to our understanding of personality, _____ came from _____.

psychodynamic theories; psychoanalysis

Albert Bandura's social-cognitive perspective highlights the importance of:

reciprocal determinism.

This is all of people's thoughts and feelings about themselves in answer to the question, "Who am I?" Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

self-concept

When 7-year-old Philip was caught pocketing a candy bar that he had not paid for, he felt ashamed and guilty. Using Freud's terminology, the sense of shame and guilt that Philip felt was a product of his:

superego

Agreeableness

tendency to be compassionate and cooperative rather than suspicious and antagonistic

Conscientiousness

tendency to show self discipline, act carefully, value achievement, and prefer planned rather than spontaneous behavior

Which idea has been rejected by today's psychodynamic psychologists?

the collective unconscious

People overestimate the degree to which others are noticing and evaluating their appearance, performance, and blunders. Gilovich termed this:

the spotlight effect.

When Wanda noticed she was wearing mismatched socks, she overestimated the extent to which others would also notice. Her reaction best illustrates:

the spotlight effect.

Describing personality is to explaining personality as _____ theory is to _____ theory.

trait; Freudian

Sigmund Freud thought that the part of a dream that people remember is a censored version of:

unconscious wishes.

Superego

voice of conscious; partly conscious but mostly located below conscious (neutral voice)

5 major factors of personality

1. Conscientousness 2. Agreeableness 3. Neuroticism (emotional stability) 4. Openness 5. Extraversion

3 parts of Freud's personality theory (compare to iceberg)

1. Conscious - current awareness 2. preconscious - info available but not being used 3. Unconscious - impulses, wishes, desires that are inaccessible and affect thought and behavior

Freud's 3 personality components

1. ID 2. Ego 3. Superego