psy chapter 15

A 45-year old individual that played football all his life is showing signs of confusion and memory loss. If you were to examine his brain, what would you expect to find? a. Abnormal expression of tau b. Increased cortical folding c. Decreased activation of the right planum temporale d. Increased clusters of neurons in unusual locations

a. Abnormal expression of tau

Patients with _______ are likely to have right-sided weakness or partial paralysis; those with _______ are likely to experience right-sided numbness. a. Broca's aphasia; Wernicke's aphasia b. global aphasia; conduction aphasia c. Wernicke's aphasia; Broca's aphasia d. anomia; apraxia

a. Broca's aphasia; Wernicke's aphasia

Which symptom would not be a likely result of extensive damage to the right fusiform gyrus? a. Impairment in recognizing the voices of coworkers b. Inability to recognize the difference between a wrench and a hammer c. Face blindness d. Inability to discriminate between a basketball and a soccer ball

a. Impairment in recognizing the voices of coworkers

Which statement best illustrates the motor theory of language? a. When we listen to speech, we process the speech sounds using the same neural systems that we use to make those sounds. b. Broca's area formulates a motor plan in preparation of speaking the appropriate word and transmits that plan to motor cortex for implementation. c. Deficits in language result from a disconnection between brain regions in the language network. d. Transfer of information over the arcuate fasciculus contributes to the connection between comprehension and production of speech.

a. When we listen to speech, we process the speech sounds using the same neural systems that we use to make those sounds.

The relationship between the direction of the whorl of hair on the top of the head and handedness supports the idea that a. a single gene has a major influence on asymmetry throughout the body. b. using one hand or the other results in neurological changes that cause a whorl to go in a specific direction. c. left-handed and right-handed people have different types of hair follicles. d. a single hormone has a major influence on asymmetry throughout the body.

a. a single gene has a major influence on asymmetry throughout the body.

Astereognosis is the a. inability to identify objects by touch or manipulation b. complete numbness of the fingers and hand c. failure of binaural hearing d. failure to accurately perceive faces.

a. inability to identify objects by touch or manipulation

The goal of constraint-induced movement therapy is to encourage stroke patients to use the afflicted arm by _______ the unaffected arm. a. restraining b. forced movement controlled by c. attachment to d. mirroring

a. restraining

Williams syndrome provides evidence for a. the heritability of language. b. environmental influences on language. c. the benefits of enrichment programs for children with dyslexia. d. the epigenetics of language.

a. the heritability of language.

Which symptom is not one of the forms of brain pathology associated with long-time boxers? a. Dementia b. Micropolygyria c. Tauopathy d. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy

b. Micropolygyria

Which statement about language lateralization in monkeys is true? a. Only chimps (not monkeys) show a preference for using the right ear (which has connects to the contralateral side) to listen to vocalizations of conspecifics. b. Similar to humans, monkeys show a preference for using the right ear (which has connects to the contralateral side) to listen to vocalizations of conspecifics. c. Unlike humans, monkeys show no preference for using either ear to listen to vocalizations of conspecifics. d. Unlike humans, monkeys show a reverse pattern language lateralization; with a left ear advantage.

b. Similar to humans, monkeys show a preference for using the right ear (which has connects to the contralateral side) to listen to vocalizations of conspecifics.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) findings a. support hemispheric specialization of spatial cognition. b. are inconsistent with the connectionist model of aphasia. c. offer definitive proof for the neural basis of word blindness. d. suggest that micropolygyria does not occur in the brains of children.

b. are inconsistent with the connectionist model of aphasia.

In most split-brain patients, words presented to the left visual field a. can be repeated accurately. b. cannot be repeated verbally. c. can be written down. d. can be repeated, but only when clues are provided.

b. cannot be repeated verbally.

Nonverbal visual stimuli, such as faces or shapes, are recognized more accurately if they are presented to the a. right visual field. b. left visual field. c. precise center of the two visual fields. d. left hemisphere.

b. left visual field.

Consistent with the motor theory of speech perception, deaf people who use American Sign Language use _______ language-related regions of the left hemisphere as hearing people who use spoken language do. a. slightly different b. the same c. overlapping but different d. completely different

b. the same

A patient speaks in a fluent manner, although her speech contains many paraphasias that make it unintelligible. She also demonstrates poor comprehension of verbal material. This patient is most likely suffering from _______ aphasia. a. global b. conduction c. Wernicke's d. Broca's

c. Wernicke's

Hemispheric specialization is also known as a. hemispheric centrality b. prosopagnosia c. lateralization d. location of function

c. lateralization

All the following may aid in stabilization and reorganization after brain damage except a. neurogenesis b. collateral sprouting c. reverse transcription d. the use of stem cells.

c. reverse transcription

The challenge facing researchers who seek to study the functions of the two brain hemispheres is that the hemispheres have many connections and function as one. The solution to this has been to study _______ patients in which the _______ has been cut, thereby separating the connection between the hemispheres. a. two-brain; fusiform gyrus b. split-brain; planum temporal c. split-brain; corpus callosum d. two-brain; primary auditory cortex

c. split-brain; corpus callosum

The _______ hemisphere plays a major role in the perception of music. The _______ hemisphere plays a major role in prosody. a. right; left b. left; right c. left; left d. right; right

d. right; right

A patient who has difficulty speaking but has good comprehension of verbal material is most likely suffering from _______ aphasia. a. conduction b. Wernicke's c. global d. Broca's

d. Broca's

Under which circumstance would a doctor request that a patient undergo a Wada test? a. If a patient has recently had a stroke b. The doctor is attempting to diagnose an aphasia c. The doctor wants to localize the brain region that is causing a visual problem d. If a patient may need to undergo neurosurgery

d. If a patient may need to undergo neurosurgery

PET scans of brain activation during progressively more complex language processing tasks showed _______ in Broca's area as compared to activation during simple word repetition or reading aloud. a. no activity b. minor activation c. decreased activity d. marked activation

d. marked activation

Mirror therapy has been shown to be useful for rehabilitation after brain injury as it a. forces the patient to challenge the way the stroke has changed their physical appearance b. trains the brain to move only the unaffected limb. c. encourages self-acceptance. d. tricks the brain into thinking they are moving the paralyzed arm.

d. tricks the brain into thinking they are moving the paralyzed arm.

Because apes seem able to learn a version of American Sign Language (ASL), some researchers have concluded that they are able to acquire language. Those who disagree, however, offer which criticism of this conclusion? a. Chimpanzees may only be imitating the gestures of trainers. b. Chimpanzees do not produce novel sequences of signs. c. Chimpanzees do not have the fine motor control to fully execute ASL. d. Chimpanzees do not sign accurately enough to prove that they can acquire language.

a. Chimpanzees may only be imitating the gestures of trainers.

Studies using fMRI show that in addition to face recognition, the fusiform region is also activated when identifying a. individual members of other categories, such as birds or cars, especially if the objects or animals are novel. b. objects at close range. c. inanimate objects that are shaped like faces. d. individual members of other categories, such as birds or cars, especially if the viewer has relevant expertise in those categories.

d. individual members of other categories, such as birds or cars, especially if the viewer has relevant expertise in those categories.