Psyc 1101 Part 12 Quiz
The value of social conformity is most likely to be emphasized in
Japan
________ is an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship.
Passionate love
Olivia, a 21-year-old university student, is quiet, relaxed, reflective, and politically liberal. Research suggests that she would most likely become a good friend of
Philip, who is reflective and quiet.
One analysis of 27,667 hit-by-pitch Major League Baseball incidents between 1960 and 2004 revealed the link between frustration and aggression. Which of the following is least likely to cause the pitcher to hit a batter?
The game is on the line on a cool spring day.
We are most likely to experience cognitive dissonance if we feel
a great sense of responsibility for engaging in behaviors of which we personally disapprove.
You would most likely commit the fundamental attribution error in explaining why
a waiter failed to smile when serving you.
Conformity is best described as
adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard.
The attacker who mugs you for your money most clearly illustrates
aggression
Behaving with unselfish concern for the welfare of others is called
altruism
Dr. Alvarez spent his whole working life selflessly helping the sick and poor in some of the poorest countries in the world. This example illustrates
altruism
Prejudice is a(n) ________; discrimination is a(n) ________.
attitude; behavior
Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in particular ways to objects, people, and events are called
attitudes
According to social exchange theory, altruistic behavior is guided by
calculations of costs and benefits.
Feeling responsible for behavior that violates our conscience is most likely to contribute to
cognitive dissonance.
Compared with how we explain our own actions, in explaining other people's behavior we are more likely to refer to
dispositional influences.
The bystander effect refers to the tendency for an observer of an emergency to withhold aid if the
emergency is being observed by a number of other people.
People who have low MAOA gene expression have been identified as those who are most likely to
engage in aggression.
The Y chromosome is the most well-known genetic marker identifying those who are most likely to
engage in aggression.
Orville thinks his girlfriend derives more benefits from their relationship than he does, even though he contributes more to the relationship. Orville most clearly believes that their relationship lacks
equity
The other-race effect refers to a bias with respect to the recognition of other people's
faces
A terrorist mentality that becomes increasingly extreme among people who interact without outside moderating influences best illustrates
group polarization.
Individuals are likely to conform to the responses of other group members if they ________ already publically committed themselves to their own personal response and if they know that others in the group ________ observe their response.
have not; will
The tendency, after an event has occurred, to overestimate one's ability to have foreseen or predicted the outcome is called
hindsight bias.
If researchers found that people take longer to identify words such as assertive and bold as "strong" when the words are associated with female faces rather than with male faces, this finding would illustrate
implicit prejudice.
While participating in an experiment, Marla is asked to look at images of Black and White faces, while the researchers looked for different responses in Marla's facial muscles. The researchers were looking for indications of
implicit prejudice.
Cognitive dissonance refers to the discomfort we feel when our thoughts and behaviors are
inconsistent
Repeated exposure to sexually explicit films causes viewers to
increase men's readiness to behave aggressively toward women and to be more accepting of short prison sentences for convicted rapists.
Conformity resulting from the acceptance of others' opinions about reality is said to be a response to
informational social influence.
Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. Both believe that the members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of any other party. This belief best illustrates
ingroup bias.
Groupthink can be prevented by a leader who
invites outside experts to critique a group's developing plans.
Research on physical attractiveness indicates that men are more likely than women to
judge members of the opposite sex as more attractive if they have a youthful appearance.
Parent training programs are most likely to advise parents to avoid
modeling violence.
Danielle is happy to learn that her best friend from her hometown is on the phone. However, the sadness in her friend's voice causes Danielle's mood to change from happy to sad. This change in mood resulting from the tone of her friend's voice is called
mood contagion.
Marta is known for her sense of humor and joke telling. Even though her friends are down about their football team losing a game, as soon as Marta enters the room everyone begins to smile. This best illustrates
mood contagion.
Cathy's friends see her as an emotional "downer." When she arrives at a party where everyone is laughing, the laughing and fun end. This change in her friends' behavior illustrates
mood linkage.
Experimental participants randomly assigned to play a video game involving bloody murders and groaning victims became ________ hostile and ________ likely to blast intense noise at a fellow student.
more; more
Worldwide, women are ________ likely than men to live in poverty, and they are ________ likely than men to be illiterate.
more; more
An unlikable person is likely to be perceived more ________ a group discussion of that person's qualities, and a likable person is likely to be perceived more ________ a group discussion of that person's qualities.
negatively after; positively after
The practice of covering your mouth when you cough best illustrates the impact of
norms
According to Darley and Latané, the decision-making process necessary for bystander intervention in an emergency situation requires
noticing an incident, interpreting the incident as an emergency, and assuming responsibility for helping.
As passionate love matures into a calm and steady companionate love, the bonding of two partners is most likely to be facilitated by
oxytocin
A television commercial for a fast-food restaurant shows three women in bikinis eating the restaurant's triple decker hamburger. This commercial best illustrates
peripheral route persuasion.
Those who assert their freedom by refusing to yield to conformity pressures best illustrate
personal control.
A dispositional attribution is to ________ as a situational attribution is to ________.
personality traits; assigned roles
We have a tendency to explain the behavior of strangers we have observed in only one type of situation in terms of ________ and to explain our own behavior in terms of ________.
personality traits; situational constraints
What determined whether college freshmen who had been randomly paired for a Welcome Week dance liked each other?
physical attractiveness
The expectation that people should return help, not harm, to those who have helped them is called the
reciprocity norm.
Although President Obama is of mixed race, White Americans typically perceive and label him as Black. Researchers believe this happens because White observers ________ the distinctive physical features of the less-familiar Black minority.
selectively attend to
Circumstances that increase ________ are likely to reduce ________.
self-awareness; deindividuation
In explaining our own behavior or the behavior of those we know well, we often resort to
situational attributions.
Muzafer Sherif's work with 11-year-old boys at a summer camp demonstrated that
situations that required cooperation and the joint efforts of both groups reduced the conflict and hostility between them.
The odds of our helping someone are higher when we are in a ________ town and we are feeling ________.
small; guilty
Katya donated money to a religious charity in order to boost her own feelings of self-esteem. Jennifer failed to contribute to the same charity because she was fearful of running out of money. Differences in their behavior are best explained in terms of
social exchange theory.
The improved performance of well-learned tasks in the presence of others is called
social facilitation.
Drew is working on a class project in which he needs a high grade because the class is required for his major. The others in his group are aware of that and also know that Drew is an excellent student. Drew finds that the others are depending on him to do the vast majority of the work. The others in Drew's group are demonstrating
social loafing
A significant danger of media violence is that impressionable viewers are subsequently more likely to enact the ________ provided by the media.
social scripts
After a year-long drought, the city of Pine Bluffs has banned all lawn sprinkling. Many residents believe, however, that continued watering of their own lawn will have little effect on total water reserves. Consequently, there is a disastrous drain on city water reserves caused by widespread illegal sprinkling. This incident best illustrates the dynamics of
social traps.
On which of the following tasks would the presence of observers be least likely to lead to better and faster performance?
solving a crossword puzzle
After their country was ravaged by a series of earthquakes, two bitterly antagonistic political groups set aside their differences and worked cooperatively on effective disaster relief. This cooperation best illustrates the importance of
superordinate goals.
David has issues with delinquency, hard drug use, and aggressive-bullying responses to frustration. If tested, David's level of _____ is likely to be higher than average but will decline with old age.
testosterone
If the circumstances of poverty breed high rates of crime, the high crime rates can be used to justify discrimination against those who live in poverty. This best illustrates
the blame-the-victim dynamic.
If one student in a classroom begins to cough, others are likely to do the same. This best illustrates
the chameleon effect.
After they had first agreed to display a 3-inch-high "Be a Safe Driver" sign, California homeowners were highly likely to permit the installation of a very large and unattractive "Drive Carefully" sign in their front yards. This best illustrates
the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
To brainwash captured American soldiers during the Korean war, Chinese communists made effective use of
the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
When temperatures rise in summer, the rates of violent crimes increase. This is best explained in terms of
the frustration-aggression principle.
A readiness to assume that enslaved people deserve the cruel treatment they receive best illustrates
the just-world phenomenon.
During deliberations on a rape case, some of the jurors commented that the victim had a history of going out to various bars and had been dressed too provocatively. Looking like that, they believed, she asked to be assaulted. The jurors' comments are best explained in terms of
the just-world phenomenon.
Participants in a voter preference study favored the presidential candidate whose face blended some of their own facial features with those of the candidate. This best illustrates the impact of
the mere exposure effect.
Groupthink is defined as
the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
A social trap is a situation in which
the pursuit of self-interest leads to collective harm.
We are most likely to ________ the diversity among members of an ________.
underestimate; outgroup
Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is sometimes called the ________ gene.
warrior
The tendency to categorize people on the basis of their gender is most likely to lead Jack to believe that
women all have pretty much the same attitudes about sex.
In Milgram's experiments, participants were torn between whether they should respond to the pleas of the _______ or the demands of the _______.
"learner"; experimenter
Which of the following is most clearly supported by research on social attraction?
Birds of a feather flock together.
What were the basic results of psychologist Stanley Milgram's original obedience study?
Despite hearing protests from the "learner" in another room, 60 percent of the participants continued to administer shocks all the way to the full 450-volt level.
Altruism is best described as
behaving unselfishly to enhance the welfare of others.
A perceived incompatibility of your class learning goals and the goals of your class instructor best illustrates
conflict
To a social psychologist, a perceived incompatibility of goals is indicative of
conflict
Explicit associations are typically ________, whereas implicit associations are often ________.
conscious; unconscious