Psyc 1101 Part 12 Quiz

The value of social conformity is most likely to be emphasized in

Japan

________ is an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship.

Passionate love

Olivia, a 21-year-old university student, is quiet, relaxed, reflective, and politically liberal. Research suggests that she would most likely become a good friend of

Philip, who is reflective and quiet.

One analysis of 27,667 hit-by-pitch Major League Baseball incidents between 1960 and 2004 revealed the link between frustration and aggression. Which of the following is least likely to cause the pitcher to hit a batter?

The game is on the line on a cool spring day.

We are most likely to experience cognitive dissonance if we feel

a great sense of responsibility for engaging in behaviors of which we personally disapprove.

You would most likely commit the fundamental attribution error in explaining why

a waiter failed to smile when serving you.

Conformity is best described as

adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard.

The attacker who mugs you for your money most clearly illustrates

aggression

Behaving with unselfish concern for the welfare of others is called

altruism

Dr. Alvarez spent his whole working life selflessly helping the sick and poor in some of the poorest countries in the world. This example illustrates

altruism

Prejudice is a(n) ________; discrimination is a(n) ________.

attitude; behavior

Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in particular ways to objects, people, and events are called

attitudes

According to social exchange theory, altruistic behavior is guided by

calculations of costs and benefits.

Feeling responsible for behavior that violates our conscience is most likely to contribute to

cognitive dissonance.

Compared with how we explain our own actions, in explaining other people's behavior we are more likely to refer to

dispositional influences.

The bystander effect refers to the tendency for an observer of an emergency to withhold aid if the

emergency is being observed by a number of other people.

People who have low MAOA gene expression have been identified as those who are most likely to

engage in aggression.

The Y chromosome is the most well-known genetic marker identifying those who are most likely to

engage in aggression.

Orville thinks his girlfriend derives more benefits from their relationship than he does, even though he contributes more to the relationship. Orville most clearly believes that their relationship lacks

equity

The other-race effect refers to a bias with respect to the recognition of other people's

faces

A terrorist mentality that becomes increasingly extreme among people who interact without outside moderating influences best illustrates

group polarization.

Individuals are likely to conform to the responses of other group members if they ________ already publically committed themselves to their own personal response and if they know that others in the group ________ observe their response.

have not; will

The tendency, after an event has occurred, to overestimate one's ability to have foreseen or predicted the outcome is called

hindsight bias.

If researchers found that people take longer to identify words such as assertive and bold as "strong" when the words are associated with female faces rather than with male faces, this finding would illustrate

implicit prejudice.

While participating in an experiment, Marla is asked to look at images of Black and White faces, while the researchers looked for different responses in Marla's facial muscles. The researchers were looking for indications of

implicit prejudice.

Cognitive dissonance refers to the discomfort we feel when our thoughts and behaviors are

inconsistent

Repeated exposure to sexually explicit films causes viewers to

increase men's readiness to behave aggressively toward women and to be more accepting of short prison sentences for convicted rapists.

Conformity resulting from the acceptance of others' opinions about reality is said to be a response to

informational social influence.

Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. Both believe that the members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of any other party. This belief best illustrates

ingroup bias.

Groupthink can be prevented by a leader who

invites outside experts to critique a group's developing plans.

Research on physical attractiveness indicates that men are more likely than women to

judge members of the opposite sex as more attractive if they have a youthful appearance.

Parent training programs are most likely to advise parents to avoid

modeling violence.

Danielle is happy to learn that her best friend from her hometown is on the phone. However, the sadness in her friend's voice causes Danielle's mood to change from happy to sad. This change in mood resulting from the tone of her friend's voice is called

mood contagion.

Marta is known for her sense of humor and joke telling. Even though her friends are down about their football team losing a game, as soon as Marta enters the room everyone begins to smile. This best illustrates

mood contagion.

Cathy's friends see her as an emotional "downer." When she arrives at a party where everyone is laughing, the laughing and fun end. This change in her friends' behavior illustrates

mood linkage.

Experimental participants randomly assigned to play a video game involving bloody murders and groaning victims became ________ hostile and ________ likely to blast intense noise at a fellow student.

more; more

Worldwide, women are ________ likely than men to live in poverty, and they are ________ likely than men to be illiterate.

more; more

An unlikable person is likely to be perceived more ________ a group discussion of that person's qualities, and a likable person is likely to be perceived more ________ a group discussion of that person's qualities.

negatively after; positively after

The practice of covering your mouth when you cough best illustrates the impact of

norms

According to Darley and Latané, the decision-making process necessary for bystander intervention in an emergency situation requires

noticing an incident, interpreting the incident as an emergency, and assuming responsibility for helping.

As passionate love matures into a calm and steady companionate love, the bonding of two partners is most likely to be facilitated by

oxytocin

A television commercial for a fast-food restaurant shows three women in bikinis eating the restaurant's triple decker hamburger. This commercial best illustrates

peripheral route persuasion.

Those who assert their freedom by refusing to yield to conformity pressures best illustrate

personal control.

A dispositional attribution is to ________ as a situational attribution is to ________.

personality traits; assigned roles

We have a tendency to explain the behavior of strangers we have observed in only one type of situation in terms of ________ and to explain our own behavior in terms of ________.

personality traits; situational constraints

What determined whether college freshmen who had been randomly paired for a Welcome Week dance liked each other?

physical attractiveness

The expectation that people should return help, not harm, to those who have helped them is called the

reciprocity norm.

Although President Obama is of mixed race, White Americans typically perceive and label him as Black. Researchers believe this happens because White observers ________ the distinctive physical features of the less-familiar Black minority.

selectively attend to

Circumstances that increase ________ are likely to reduce ________.

self-awareness; deindividuation

In explaining our own behavior or the behavior of those we know well, we often resort to

situational attributions.

Muzafer Sherif's work with 11-year-old boys at a summer camp demonstrated that

situations that required cooperation and the joint efforts of both groups reduced the conflict and hostility between them.

The odds of our helping someone are higher when we are in a ________ town and we are feeling ________.

small; guilty

Katya donated money to a religious charity in order to boost her own feelings of self-esteem. Jennifer failed to contribute to the same charity because she was fearful of running out of money. Differences in their behavior are best explained in terms of

social exchange theory.

The improved performance of well-learned tasks in the presence of others is called

social facilitation.

Drew is working on a class project in which he needs a high grade because the class is required for his major. The others in his group are aware of that and also know that Drew is an excellent student. Drew finds that the others are depending on him to do the vast majority of the work. The others in Drew's group are demonstrating

social loafing

A significant danger of media violence is that impressionable viewers are subsequently more likely to enact the ________ provided by the media.

social scripts

After a year-long drought, the city of Pine Bluffs has banned all lawn sprinkling. Many residents believe, however, that continued watering of their own lawn will have little effect on total water reserves. Consequently, there is a disastrous drain on city water reserves caused by widespread illegal sprinkling. This incident best illustrates the dynamics of

social traps.

On which of the following tasks would the presence of observers be least likely to lead to better and faster performance?

solving a crossword puzzle

After their country was ravaged by a series of earthquakes, two bitterly antagonistic political groups set aside their differences and worked cooperatively on effective disaster relief. This cooperation best illustrates the importance of

superordinate goals.

David has issues with delinquency, hard drug use, and aggressive-bullying responses to frustration. If tested, David's level of _____ is likely to be higher than average but will decline with old age.

testosterone

If the circumstances of poverty breed high rates of crime, the high crime rates can be used to justify discrimination against those who live in poverty. This best illustrates

the blame-the-victim dynamic.

If one student in a classroom begins to cough, others are likely to do the same. This best illustrates

the chameleon effect.

After they had first agreed to display a 3-inch-high "Be a Safe Driver" sign, California homeowners were highly likely to permit the installation of a very large and unattractive "Drive Carefully" sign in their front yards. This best illustrates

the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

To brainwash captured American soldiers during the Korean war, Chinese communists made effective use of

the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

When temperatures rise in summer, the rates of violent crimes increase. This is best explained in terms of

the frustration-aggression principle.

A readiness to assume that enslaved people deserve the cruel treatment they receive best illustrates

the just-world phenomenon.

During deliberations on a rape case, some of the jurors commented that the victim had a history of going out to various bars and had been dressed too provocatively. Looking like that, they believed, she asked to be assaulted. The jurors' comments are best explained in terms of

the just-world phenomenon.

Participants in a voter preference study favored the presidential candidate whose face blended some of their own facial features with those of the candidate. This best illustrates the impact of

the mere exposure effect.

Groupthink is defined as

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.

A social trap is a situation in which

the pursuit of self-interest leads to collective harm.

We are most likely to ________ the diversity among members of an ________.

underestimate; outgroup

Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is sometimes called the ________ gene.

warrior

The tendency to categorize people on the basis of their gender is most likely to lead Jack to believe that

women all have pretty much the same attitudes about sex.

In Milgram's experiments, participants were torn between whether they should respond to the pleas of the _______ or the demands of the _______.

"learner"; experimenter

Which of the following is most clearly supported by research on social attraction?

Birds of a feather flock together.

What were the basic results of psychologist Stanley Milgram's original obedience study?

Despite hearing protests from the "learner" in another room, 60 percent of the participants continued to administer shocks all the way to the full 450-volt level.

Altruism is best described as

behaving unselfishly to enhance the welfare of others.

A perceived incompatibility of your class learning goals and the goals of your class instructor best illustrates

conflict

To a social psychologist, a perceived incompatibility of goals is indicative of

conflict

Explicit associations are typically ________, whereas implicit associations are often ________.

conscious; unconscious