PSYC 241 EXAM 1
The frequencies and patterns of distributions of disorders in infants, children, and adolescents are the major focus of ________.
c. developmental epidemiology
Dr. Lopez is a psychologist whose area of expertise is developmental psychopathology. As such, she would likely be interested in the way maladaptive patterns of functioning result in current and potential impairment in all but which of the following?
c. young adults
According to the classroom teacher, discussions of exceptionalities should focus on the _____.
c.degree to which the student is exceptional
Chapter 2 notes that when considering the genetic component of psychological disorders, it is important to keep in mind that _____.
c.no trait is 100% inheritable
Katie's parents feared that she would be unable to complete her third-grade homework on her own, something children are expected to be doing at this age. Based on Chapter 1, this aberration suggests a definition of abnormality based on _____.
c.sociocultural norms
Gavin has been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. According to the reading, research on autism spectrum disorders has found that a(n) _____ an increased risk of autism.
c.specific chromosomal deletion is associated with
Dr. Patel believes that the children who come to her clinical practice either "do" or "do not" qualify for a diagnosis of psychopathology. She assesses their symptoms and evaluates whether they are suffering from a diagnosable psychology disorder. Dr. Patel operates from a(n) ________ model of psychopathology.
categorical
Which of the following terms best summarizes the concept of neural plasticity in the human brain?
changeable
Robert and Ben were both born in the 1950s. They lived through a period of intense civil rights struggle, experienced the assassination of a president, and the economic impact of the Arab oil embargo. Sheldon and Leonard are part of the same birth ________.
cohort
Although Gavin's planning board indicates he is due to play with PlayDoh®, he decides to play with a puzzle. This is significant because it shows that _____.
d.he can be flexible
According to the teacher, the most common classroom disabilities are _____.
d.learning disabilities
Dr. Matthews believes that the best way to consider the psychological disorders that may afflict children is to do so by thinking about the conditions within the context of typical development. This allows him to compare typical functioning to atypical behaviors. This is the basis of _________ psychopathology.
developmental
Which of the following might present a problem when using the statistical deviance perspective in determining what is typical for a child?
Not everything that is statistically deviant is indicative of a disorder.
A discussion of global prevalence of mental illness and the allocation of resources for dealing with these issues requires careful consideration of how ________ models influence thinking in these areas.
Western
What is the primary distinction between adequate adaptation and optimal adaptation?
a. Adequate adaptation is a minimum criterion for acceptable functioning and optimal adaptation is an excellent or superior criterion for functioning.
If you want to write a paper that examines the careers and writings of two of the primary proponents of the humanistic model, who would you research?
a. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
Dr. Sharif conducts research in California on the best way to provide psychotherapy for children with post-traumatic stress disorder. Considering a global perspective, which concern must be considered?
a. Children with PTSD in other nations may have very different experiences than those in California.
How has the conception of culture and its relationship to psychopathology changed in recent decades?
a. Culture is now considered a core concept rather than a peripheral one in developmental psychopathology.
When Marisol was born, her genetic makeup indicated that she should grow to a height of between 5'4'' and 5'6'' tall. During her childhood, however, her family was impoverished and she suffered from malnutrition for several years. As a young adult, Marisol is only 5'1'' tall.
a. Her genotype was 5'4'' to 5'6'' but her phenotype is 5'1''.
In what way does epigenetics differ from previous approaches to studying the influence of genes on human characteristics or behaviors?
a. It emphasizes the activity of genes rather than the presence of a gene.
Which of the following is a criticism of the humanistic model of developmental psychopathology?
a. It is overly optimistic.
Why is the dimensional model of psychopathology sometimes referred to as a continuous or quantitative model?
a. It views psychological disorders as a matter of degree rather than an either/or distinction.
Which theorist is noted for having taken exception to Freud's concept of "penis envy," observing in fact that boys are given privileged status in society merely by virtual of being male?
a. Karen Horney
According to your textbook, which form of adaptation guarantees smooth sailing throughout the various periods of development?
a. No form of adaptation can offer this guarantee.
Why do parents, schools, and communities often have difficult providing services for children who clearly need psychological support?
a. The emotional, social, and financial resources are frequently limited.
What is the primary reason for noting that families have a special impact on both typical and atypical development in children?
a. The family provides the first context for a child's experiences.
In what way do modern supporters of the physiological model of developmental psychopathology differ from earlier contributors who operated from the same approach?
a. There is a greater amount of attention to the influence that genes and the environment can have on each other.
Some of the earlier precepts of the psychodynamic perspective have been discounted by contemporary psychodynamic psychologists. Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which modern psychodynamic practitioners differ from the original version?
a. They probe the unconscious for early psychosexual fixations.
What is a diathesis?
a. a physiological predisposition
Karen is a 10-year old who has from problems with anxiety. Her parents are unable to drive Karen to therapy appointments, and she is not old enough to take public transportation. What kind of barrier to receiving services is Karen experiencing?
a. a structural barrier
Tonya is 8 years old and suffers from a psychological disorder. Her psychiatrist and neurologist explain to her mother that Tonya appears to have an unusual pattern of network organization in her brain, and that recent research has found that this may contribute to her symptoms.
a. autism spectrum disorder
Which of the following would NOT be found in a discussion of how psychopathology develops from a physiological model?
a. cultural influences
Many types of barriers can obstruct a child's path to getting necessary psychological help. Which of the following is an example of a barrier of perception about mental difficulties?
a. denial of the severity of a problem
Dr. Lennon works at a governmental agency focusing on childhood psychological disorders. One of their committees emphasizes estimating the frequency with which specific diagnoses occur in the population. There are three crucial tasks that are important to this committee, and they include all but which of the following?
a. determining the causes of more or less frequently diagnosed disorders.
Behavioral models of psychopathology emphasize:
a. observable behavior within a specific environment.
Dr. Prescott believes that young Jorge's social anxiety comes from the fact that his older brother suffers from similar symptoms. "It is clear that Jorge has acquired these symptoms by watching his brother, and is now emulating these behaviors," the doctor tells Jorge's parents. Dr. Prescott believes that the child's symptoms have developed as a result of ________.
a. observational learning
Complete the analogy. All existing cases of a condition is to ________ , as all new cases of a condition is to ________.
a. prevalence; incidence
In the research of Mukalo, Heflinger, and Wallston (2010), the two contexts of stigma that were identified included the self/individual and:
a. the general public
The modern study of positive psychology is a direct outcome of which earlier theoretical perspective?
a. the humanistic approach
Which cognitive/behavioral model examines topics like evolutionary contexts, experience-expectant learning, and both qualitative and quantitative change?
a. the neoconstructivist approach
Which of the following is not a foundational consideration of the psychodynamic model as it applies to the field of developmental psychopathology?
a. the way in which learning processes, including conditioning, affect one's mental well-being
With sociocultural definitions of what is considered typical or atypical at a given time or place, what becomes the very basis of definitions of psychological disorders?
a. value judgments
The classroom teacher bases her decisions about how to proceed with Katie on _____.
a.personal observations
Professor Naswabi is a developmental psychologist who focuses on disorders that can affect children. How does she likely regard challenges and struggles that can appear in early developmental periods?
as forces of growth
Historically, children have long been viewed through many different lenses. These include conceptualizing children in all but which of the following ways?
as fundamentally identical to adults
Gavin seems to have trouble with _____.
b.dealing with unexpected events
The teacher in the video notes that Katie visited the school nurse two or three times a day, whereas most children rarely visit the school nurse. As suggested by the reading, Katie's behavior fits a definition of abnormality based on _____.
b.statistical deviance
Dr. Leung believes that when a child is brought to him for therapy, he has to work with the child, the parents, siblings, and other relatives to see how the various relationships and interactions contribute to the child's problems. Dr. Leung is likely operating from the ________ model of developmental psychopathology.
family
The teacher emphasizes the importance of involving the students' parents or guardians in developing programming to meet student needs. This is most consistent with the _____ model discussed in Chapter 2.
family
Dr. Goldheim is conducting research into the normal developmental milestones of toddlers. Which of the following is a major issue that applies to this age period?
guided self-regulation
Professor Chung is interested in knowing how many cases of pediatric schizophrenia have emerged in the last twelve months. His research is examining the ________ of this condition.
incidence
Miguel is 11 years old. Recently he has been having emotional symptoms that are affecting his peer relationships, causing problems with his school work, and have caused him to lose interest in after-school activities. Miguel's experience depicts an atypical situation according to the ________ perspective.
mental health
Marcus and Jason are raised in the same home by the same parents, who love their sons very much. Marcus goes to a private Catholic school while Jason chooses to attend a public school. Marcus is very interested and active in sports, while Jason is more interested in music and performance activities. From a family model, these are examples of ________ environmental influences.
nonshared
The teacher notes that intellectual disabilities are the third most common type of disability. According to the reading, some of the more severe forms of intellectual disability unfold according to a maturational blueprint and therefore, are best accounted for by _____ models.
physiological
Dr. Dayton believes that 11-year old Amanda's psychological struggles began in her early childhood, and that as she grows and develops her troubles will also mature and change. Dr. Dayton is a proponent of the modern version of the ________ perspective in developmental psychopathology.
psychodynamic
The formal term for intense, frequent, and/or persistent maladaptive patterns of emotion, cognition, and behavior is ________.
psychopathology
The teacher notes that Katie is lagging in _____ skills, a challenge that could cause Katie to experience difficulties in the classroom.
reading
Which concept of behaviorism states that positive and/or negative outcomes can lead to changes in behaviors?
reinforcement
Which of the following is not a dimension along which the sociocultural norm perspective considers what is typical or atypical behavior in children?
socioeconomic-specific expectations
Stuart and Erin are concerned that their nine-year-old son, William, is obese. They decide to enroll him in a local program that focuses on reducing childhood obesity through eating interventions, exercise programs, and health education. Stuart tells the director, "I'm concerned that this program will make William feel bad about himself for being overweight." Stuart is concerned about which concept?
stigmatization
What is the primary consideration used to determine whether a behavior is or is not normal from the mental health perspective?
the child's psychological well-being
