PSYC 4314 - CH #3
To record electrical activity of the brain, one would want to use a(n) ____.
EEG
______ rates refer to the extent to which new cases of a disorder appear over a specified time period.
Incidence
____ use radio signals generated in a strong magnetic field.
MRI's
The process, mechanism, or means through which a variable produces a particular outcome is known as a(n) ____ variable.
Mediating
If a study of the effect of divorce found a more negative impact for girls than for boys, sex will be a ____.
Moderating variable
Factors that influence the direction or strength of a relationship of variables of interest are called ____.
Moderator variables
____ are used to study cerebral glucose metabolism.
PET scans
A variable that precedes an outcome of interest and decreases the chances that the negative outcome will occur is a(n) ____.
Protective factor
____ increases the chance that characteristics other than the independent variable will be equally distributed across treatment groups.
Random assignment
____ evaluate treatment outcomes for children who are unsystematically assigned to treatment and control conditions.
Randomized controlled trials
A variable that precedes an outcome of interest and increases the chances that the negative outcome will occur is a(n) ____.
Risk factor
____ research focuses on a specific research question under conditions that only resemble or approximate the situation to which the researcher wishes to generalize.
analogue
_____ means that the child shows some form of agreement to participate in research without necessarily understanding the full significance of the research.
assent
One of the major limitations of observational research methods is that ____.
behavior may be altered as a function of participants' awareness of being observed
Children who receive treatment are ____.
better off than children who do not receive treatment
____ validity refers to whether scores on a measure behave as predicted by theory or past research.
construct
In ____ research, different individuals at different ages or stages of development are studied at the same point in time.
cross-sectional
Evaluating the mental health of children can be particularly difficult due to the ____.
cultural variations of what constitutes abnormal behavior
____ validity refers to the degree of correlation between measures that are not expected to be related to one another.
discriminant
To know if a treatment would truly be useful in community settings, researchers should focus on treatment ____.
effectiveness
Treatment ____ refers to whether or not a treatment can produce changes under well-controlled conditions.
efficacy
Questions about the nature and distribution of childhood disorders are frequently addressed through ____.
epidemiological research
Skepticism exists regarding research in abnormal child psychology because _____.
experts on childhood disorders frequently disagree
When the conditions of a study only resemble or approximate the conditions of interest, questions may be raised about the ____ of the study.
external validity
A limitation of psychophysiological measures is ____.
high level of inference for interpretation
Qualitative research is characterized by ____.
in-depth narratives and observations
The greater the degree of control that a researcher has over the ____, the more a study approximates a true experiment.
independent variable
Maturation is a threat to ____.
internal validity
The final responsibility for ethical integrity of a research project lies with the ____.
investigator
In ____ research, the same individuals are studied at different ages/stages of development.
longitudinal
Because there is no one correct approach to research, most problems in abnormal child psychology are best studied by using ____.
multiple methods and strategies
Research procedures that may harm a child physically or psychologically should ____.
never be used
A correlation of 75 between age and amount of time spent in REM sleep means that ____.
older people spend less time in REM sleep
Qualitative data are typically collected by ____.
open-ended interviewing and observations
Research presented in the media is typically ____.
oversimplified
Qualitative research ____.
provides an intensive and intimate understanding of a situation
Ideally, a measure of psychopathology should be ____.
randomized
The use of ____ is rare in studies of child psychopathology.
randomly selected samples
Factors such as SES, child's age, and cultural background affect the _____ of symptoms and disorders.
rate and expression
Recall bias and distortion are potential limitations of ____ studies.
retrospective
A ____ assessment measure allows for the scores of one child to be compared to the scores of other similar children.
standardized
Neuroimaging techniques are least useful in determining ____.
the reason for abnormal brain activity
Research into risk and protective factors requires large samples of children be studied and multiple areas of functioning be assessed over long periods of time because ____.
the risk and protective factor processes take years to develop
