PSYC1300 Chapter 11
_________ refers to social behavior whose objective is to harm someone physically or verbally.
Aggression
What is the tendency for individuals to not help someone in need if other people are around? Multiple choice question. Bystander effect Fundamental attribution error Elaboration likelihood Altruism
Bystander effect
______ involves giving to another person for personal gain, such as to feel good or avoid guilt.
Egoism
True or false: Infants as young as 3 to 6 months old showed a preference for looking at faces that were rated as attractive by adults
True
True or false: Kitty Genovese's murder inspired research on peoples' likelihood of helping a person in distress.
True
The role of _____ in aggression is most easily seen in nonhuman animals and the process of selective breeding. Multiple choice question. enrichment genes personality environment
genes
The genetic basis for aggression states that ______ are important in understanding the biological basis of aggression.
genes or genetics
In one study, just a 100-millisecond exposure was long enough for participants to form a(n) _____ of the unfamiliar individual.
impression
Pam's new friend is a librarian, so Pam assumes that she is intellectual, politically liberal, shy, not very social, and probably a vegetarian. What does Pam's thinking on this describe? Multiple choice question. Discrimination Conformity Stereotyping Self-fulfilling prophesy
Stereotyping
In the field of social psychology, the term ___________ describes an opinion or perspective that someone has towards a person, a behavior, a belief or a concept.
attitude
The _____ refers to the tendency to take credit for one's own successes and to deny responsibility for one's own failures. Multiple choice question. fundamental attribution error bystander effect false consensus effect self-serving bias
self-serving bias
A key social emotion in altruism is _______, a person's feeling of oneness with the emotional state of another.
empathy
Which area of the brain is involved in first impression formation? Multiple choice question. Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex Posterior occipital cortex Ventromedial parietal cortex Anterior temporal cortex
Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex
Which of the following is a method to help people avoid persuasion? Multiple choice question. The central route The peripheral route Inoculation Cognitive dissonance
Inoculation
In Festinger's classic cognitive dissonance study, participants who were _____ rated a boring task a more enjoyable. Multiple choice question. allowed to quit deceived paid more paid less
paid less
Which of the following personality traits is most strongly associated with prosocial behaviors? Multiple choice question. Agreeableness Conscientiousness Openness to experience Extroversion
Agreeableness
What is a key emotion involved in altruism and happens when we feel a oneness with the emotional state of another? Multiple choice question. Aggression Empathy Emotional influence Egoism
Empathy
____ can produce altruistic behavior even toward members of rival groups. Multiple choice question. Aggression Groupthink Empathy Competition
Empathy
___________ can produce altruistic behavior even toward members of rival groups.
Empathy
Cognitive ____ is the conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts.
dissonance
A persuasion tool that involves making a big pitch at the beginning of a sale is called the -in-the-face technique.
door
____ can produce altruistic behavior even toward members of rival groups. Multiple choice question. Aggression Groupthink Competition Empathy
Empathy
A person who experiences stereotype ______ is well aware of stereotypical expectations for him or her as a member of a group. Multiple choice question. serving factors bias threat
threat
______, which is a personality trait, is most strongly associated with prosocial behaviors.
Agreeableness
Infants as young as _____ showed a preference for looking at attractive faces. Multiple choice question. 1 to 3 weeks old 12 to 18 months old 3 to 6 months old 5 to 9 weeks old
3 to 6 months old
Which of the following research methods do social psychologists use most often? Multiple choice question. Deductive methods Correlational methods Descriptive methods Experimental methods
Experimental methods
True or false: People with higher socioeconomic status tend to be more likely to help than those with lower socioeconomic status.
False
______ psychology is the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others.
Social
_______ threat is one's fear of being judged based on a negative stereotype about his or her group.
Stereotype
A persuasion tool that involves making a small request at the beginning of a sale is called the ______-in-the-door technique.
foot
Resisting persuasion can be done by _____ people with a weak version of a persuasive message. Multiple choice question. inoculating angering confusing providing dissonance to
inoculating
A ______ is a generalization about a group's characteristics that does not consider any differences.
stereotype
Person ______ refers to the processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others.
perception
The elaboration likelihood model refers to communication that can take two routes: the central route or the _____ route.
peripheral
Individuals with high self-esteem have been shown to have a variety of _____ illusions.
positive
The dorsomedial ______ cortex is involved in first impression formation.
prefrontal
Aggression is social behavior _____. Multiple choice question. whose objective is to harm someone physically that is limited only to humans and seeks to harm someone whose objective is to harm someone verbally whose objective is to harm someone physically or verbally.
whose objective is to harm someone physically or verbally.
Which of the following is an example of the fundamental attribution error? Multiple choice question. You just met Antonio and already feel like you have lot in common. Antonio almost hit you with his car in the parking lot because he's a jerk, not because he couldn't see around a blind corner. Antonio is attractive, so he is also a good student. You got an A in psychology because you studied hard and a D in biology because the teacher doesn't like you.
Antonio almost hit you with his car in the parking lot because he's a jerk, not because he couldn't see around a blind corner.
___ involves giving to another person for personal gain, such as to feel good or avoid guilt. Multiple choice question. Egoism Altruism Controllability Stability
Egoism
Altruism is which of the following? Multiple choice question. Giving aid to another person, even if it incurs a cost to oneself Giving to another person to ensure reciprocity Giving in to the request of another person Adhering to social norms of expected behavior
Giving aid to another person, even if it incurs a cost to oneself
____ people are more likely to help others. Multiple choice question. Happy Aggressive Depressed Successful
Happy
What is the term for a cognitive shortcut that enable us to make decisions rapidly? Multiple choice question. Stasis Heuristic Persona Attribution
Heuristic
Cheryl's best friend asks Cheryl about her attitude toward golfing. Cheryl thinks, "I never really go golfing, so I must not enjoy it." Cheryl's examination of her behavior to make inferences about her attitudes is best explained by which of the following? Multiple choice question. Effort justification Self-perception theory Self-esteem Cognitive dissonance
Self-perception theory
Which of the following are types of heuristics in social information processing? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. The false consensus effect Social phobia Extraversion Stereotypes
The false consensus effect Stereotypes
Attribution theory is which of the following? Multiple choice question. The view that people are motivated to discover the underlying causes of behavior, theirs as well as others The view that an individual can have fast-acting, self-fulfilling fears of being judged on a negative stereotype The tendency for observers to overestimate the importance of internal traits and underestimate the importance of external situations The processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others
The view that people are motivated to discover the underlying causes of behavior, theirs as well as others
Social cognition is which of the following? Multiple choice question. The study of human societies, organizations, and institutions The way in which individuals think in social situations The processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people.
The way in which individuals think in social situations
True or false: Happy people are more likely than unhappy people to help others.
True
Individuals who are perceived as _____ tend to get better treatment from others than those who are not. Multiple choice question. unattractive less affluent intelligent attractive
attractive
Following the self-fulfilling prophesy and the "beautiful is good" stereotype, individuals who are perceived as ______ tend to get better treatment from others than those who are not.
attractive or beautiful
According to self-perception theory, individuals often make inferences about their attitudes by perceiving their own _____. Multiple choice question. stressors perception behavior personality
behavior
The self-serving _____ refers to the tendency to take credit for one's own successes and to deny responsibility for one's own failures.
bias
Researchers who take a ____ viewpoint examine the influence of genetics and neurobiological factors on aggression. Multiple choice question. psychodynamic social biological psychological
biological
Researchers who take a _________ viewpoint examine the influence of genetics and neurobiological factors on aggression.
biological or physiological
The elaboration likelihood model refers to communication that can take two routes: the peripheral route or the ____ route.
central
Giving aid to another person to ensure reciprocity is called ______
egoism
Giving aid to another person to ensure reciprocity is called ___________
egoism
The _____ likelihood model theory identifies two ways by which a message can be persuasive.
elaboration
The _____ likelihood model theory identifies two ways by which a message can be persuasive. Multiple choice question. elaboration cognitive dissonance heuristic persuasion
elaboration
The ____________ attribution error is the tendency to explain the behavior of others in terms of their personalities rather than aspects of the situation.
fundamental
The tendency for observers to overestimate the importance of internal traits and underestimate the importance of external situations when they seek explanations is referred to as ______. Multiple choice question. attribution biases fundamental attribution error attribution mistakes and errors fundamental errors
fundamental attribution error
Westerners tend to make _____ attributions about the behavior of others, whereas people from more collectivist cultures tend to make _____ attributions about the behavior of others. Multiple choice question. external; internal internal; external unstable; stable uncontrollable; controllable
internal; external
Researchers examined an intervention to reduce implicit prejudice. What did participants do in this intervention, from start to finish?
1. Completed the IAT 2. Received their IAT scores 3. Underwent training to break prejudice habits 4. Were advised to seek out contact with members of the out-group
When was the original Milgram experiment conducted? Multiple Choice 1941 1951 1961 1971
1961
Which psychologist carried out the classic experiment on conformity? Multiple choice question. Asch Kelly Cialdini Milgram
Asch
What is the term in social psychology for the opinions and beliefs we have about people, things, and ideas? Multiple choice question. Emotions Attitudes Heuristics Attributions
Attitudes
___ occurs when being part of a group reduces personal identity and erodes a sense of personal responsibility. Multiple choice question. Deindividuation Persuasion Obedience Conformity
Deindividuation
_________ is a change in behavior in response to the demands of others.
Obedience
The term social _____________ describes an imitative behavior involving the spread of behaviors, emotions, and ideas. For example, this type of imitative behavior can be observed in the copying of unhealthy behaviors such as drinking and smoking among adolescents.
contagion
The bystander effect makes it ____ (more/less) likely an individual will help someone in need when other people are around.
less
______ is an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on his or her group membership.
prejudice
The Stanford prison experiment has been criticized because the advertisement mentioned specifically "_________ life."
prison
Recent research indicates that _________ plays a role in health disparities.
racism
Naia is a vegan. Jeff thinks that all vegans are "treehuggers" who choose to be vegan because they are protesting for animal rights. In Naia's situation, however, she is vegan because she has many allergies, and she eats a vegan diet to avoid many of the food substances that can make her ill. She's not vegan for political reasons. Jeff's preconceived ideas about Naia are an example of Multiple Choice prejudice. stereotyping. discrimination. categorization.
stereotyping.
In Milgram's 1961 experiment, what was the dependent variable? Multiple Choice the presence of an authority in the room the cries of the learner that he had heart trouble the attempts of subjects to end the experiment the obedience of the subject in shocking the learner
the obedience of the subject in shocking the learner
To resolve a conflict between thinking and behavior, you can change your ________ to justify your behavior.
thinking
Individuals _____ often possess a variety of positive illusions. Multiple choice question. with low feelings of self-worth with high self-esteem experiencing the false consensus effect with low self-esteem
with high self-esteem
In Milgram's classic obedience study, what percentage of participants eventually used the highest setting on the shock generator -- 450 volts -- to shock the learner? Multiple choice question. 10 percent 65 percent 45 percent 20 percent
65 percent
Out of 12 participants, how many shocked all the way to the end of the experiment? Multiple Choice 2 5 9 12
9
What is the definition of conformity? Multiple choice question. A change in behavior brought about by following the standards of others A set of cognitions about people and social experiences The major traits considered in forming impressions of others The process of the actions of an individual or group affecting the behavior of others
A change in behavior brought about by following the standards of others
Which of the following features was not one that participants were accurate at detecting or determining, based on viewing a photograph, having a brief interaction, or only watching brief video clips? Multiple choice question. A person's romantic interest in the participant A person's sexual orientation A person's artistic ability A person's propensity for violence
A person's artistic ability
Which of the following features were participants accurate at detecting or determining, based on viewing a photograph, having a brief interaction, or only watching brief video clips? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A person's sexual orientation A person's propensity for violence A person's romantic interest in the participant A person's taste in music A person's artistic ability
A person's sexual orientation A person's propensity for violence A person's romantic interest in the participant
What is social (or relational) aggression? Multiple Choice behavior that is meant to harm another person's social status behavior that is meant to harm another person's relationships behavior that is meant to harm another person's self-esteem All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following statements about Milgram's early research is TRUE? Multiple Choice Although Milgram's research was on memory and learning, it has come to serve as an all-purpose lightning rod for discussions about the human heart of darkness. Although Milgram's research was on memory and learning, it has come to serve as an all-purpose lightning rod for discussions about obedience. Although Milgram's research was on obedience, it has come to serve as an all-purpose lightning rod for discussions about the human heart of darkness. Although Milgram's research was on the human heart of darkness, it has come to serve as an all-purpose lightning rod for discussions about memory and learning.
Although Milgram's research was on obedience, it has come to serve as an all-purpose lightning rod for discussions about the human heart of darkness.
Prejudice is which of the following? Multiple choice question. A generalization about a particular group that does not consider variation between individuals An organized body of information stored in memory that biases the way new information is interpreted, stored, and recalled An unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on his or her group membership An attitude directed toward an individual based on their membership in a particular group
An unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on his or her group membership
_______ theory seeks to explain how we decide, on the basis of samples of an individual's behavior, what the specific causes of that person's behavior are.
Attribution or Attribute
The text identifies specific statistics that provide evidence for the idea that racism plays a role in health disparities. What do the statistics involve? Multiple choice question. Unemployment rates Rates of diabetes Birth data Household income
Birth data
___-_____ is the degree to which we have positive or negative feelings about ourselves.
Blank 1: Self Blank 2: esteem
____ ______ is the area of social psychology that explores how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information.
Blank 1: Social Blank 2: cognition
______ _________ theory states that how we define ourselves in terms of our group memberships is a crucial part of self-image and a valuable source of positive feelings about ourselves.
Blank 1: Social Blank 2: identity
Westerners tend to make the ______ attribution error when explaining the behavior of others, whereas people from more collectivist cultures tend to look at the ______ to explain the behavior of others.
Blank 1: fundamental Blank 2: situation, external, externals, or environment
The _________ _______ effect means that the more we encounter someone (or something), the more likely we are to start liking the person or thing.
Blank 1: mere Blank 2: exposure
When considering the factors of attraction identified in the text, there is physical closeness, otherwise known as _________. There is also acquaintance, and _________.
Blank 1: proximity Blank 2: similarity
Researchers told grade school teachers that a small number of students were likely to be "late bloomers" during that academic year. Even though the students were actually randomly selected, the teachers' expectations were reflected in the students' performance. This is an illustration of the _____-_____ ____.
Blank 1: self Blank 2: fulfilling Blank 3: prophesy
Which method of persuasion is the MOST effective? Multiple Choice The central route of persuasion is the most effective. The peripheral route of persuasion is the most effective. Both the central route and the peripheral route can be effective means of persuasion. Neither the central route nor the peripheral route has been proven to be an effective means of persuasion.
Both the central route and the peripheral route can be effective means of persuasion.
Which of the following is an example of social contagion? Multiple choice question. Painting a ceramic vase because painting relaxes you. Exercising at home instead of the gym so you can avoid having to socialize Studying for tomorrow's exam because you are too nervous to sleep Choosing a Dalmatian puppy instead of another breed because people you admire on social media all have Dalmatians
Choosing a Dalmatian puppy instead of another breed because people you admire on social media all have Dalmatians
What is the term for the conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes? Multiple choice question. Assumed-similarity bias Central route processing Cognitive dissonance Peripheral route processing
Cognitive dissonance
What is the term for the conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes? Multiple choice question. Peripheral route processing Central route processing Assumed-similarity bias Cognitive dissonance
Cognitive dissonance
_________ is a change in behavior or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people.
Conformity
_________ is a negative or harmful action directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group.
Discrimination
What is the difference between egoism and altruism? Multiple Choice Egoism is the opposite of altruism. Egoism involves helping others with no expectation of help in return, while altruism involves helping others with the expectation of help in return. Egoism involves helping others with the expectation of help in return, while altruism involves helping others with no expectation of help in return. Egoism involves helping others to the smallest extent possible, while altruism involves helping others to a much greater extent.
Egoism involves helping others with the expectation of help in return, while altruism involves helping others with no expectation of help in return.
Which of the following best describes social exchange theory? Multiple choice question. Positive feelings in a relationship Equity in a relationship Commitment in a relationship Investment in a relationship
Equity in a relationship
________ psychologists focus on gender differences in the accounting of attraction. The goal for both sexes, by this account, is to procreate.
Evolutionary
Which type of psychology researchers have used personal ads as evidence of sex-based differences in mate selection? Multiple choice question. Social psychologists Developmental psychologists Evolutionary psychologists Cognitive psychologists
Evolutionary psychologists
__ racism is a person's conscious and openly shared prejudicial attitudes. Multiple choice question. Dissonance Explicit Implicit Conformity
Explicit
_________ racism is a person's conscious and openly shared prejudicial attitudes.
Explicit
Which of the following faces did participants rate as most attractive? Multiple choice question. Faces that looked familiar Faces with an "extreme" attribute, such as an exceptionally small nose or exceptionally large eyes Faces that were an "average" (composite) of several other faces Faces that looked unfamiliar
Faces that were an "average" (composite) of several other faces
rue or false: When research participants were in a room filling with smoke, they were less likely to get help if they were alone than if another bystander was present.
False - participants were more likely to get help if they were alone. When more people were present, they were less likely to get help. This is the bystander effect
True or false: Health disparities reflect preventable differences only in physical functioning.
False -Health disparities reflect preventable differences in both physical and psychological functioning.
True or false: The Stanford prison experiment was halted after six days because the funding for the research study ran out early.
False -The study was halted after six days because a graduate student expressed concern for participant safety.
True or false: In a study on physical attractiveness, researchers found that participants rated individual faces as more attractive than faces that were created by averaging up to 32 other faces.
False -participants rated the averaged composite faces as more attractive than the individual faces.
Which of the following is an example of mere exposure? Multiple choice question. Finding a person attractive because he or she is very different from you Finding a person attractive because you bump into him or her frequently Finding a person attractive because he or she is physically appealing Finding a person attractive because he or she shares many of your interests
Finding a person attractive because you bump into him or her frequently
A researcher set up a modern replication of the classic Milgram obedience study and identified which of the following? Multiple choice question. That participants today are significantly less likely to obey the experimenter Four key factors to explain the likelihood of participants to shock the learner That participants today are significantly more likely to shock the learner That Milgram's results could not be replicated
Four key factors to explain the likelihood of participants to shock the learner
When people tend to explain behavior in terms of personalities, rather than the situation, this refers to which of the following? Multiple choice question. Fundamental attribution error False consensus effect Biases of attribution Error of attribution
Fundamental attribution error
Which of the following statements is TRUE? Multiple Choice George Zimmerman saw Trayvon Martin rob a liquor store. Trayvon Martin tried to "carjack" George Zimmerman, so Zimmerman shot him. George Zimmerman had been following Trayvon Martin since he left school that afternoon. George Zimmerman and Trayvon Martin lived in the same neighborhood.
George Zimmerman and Trayvon Martin lived in the same neighborhood.
Egoism is which of the following? Multiple choice question. Giving in to the request of another person Giving aid to another person, even if it incurs a cost to oneself Adhering to social norms of expected behavior Giving to another person to ensure reciprocity
Giving to another person to ensure reciprocity
_____ is a type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to achieve consensus that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternate points of view. Multiple choice question. Deindividuation Risky shift Social loafing Groupthink
Groupthink
______ is a type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to achieve consensus that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternate points of view.
Groupthink, Group think, or Groupthinking
___ racism refers to prejudicial attitudes that exist on a deeper, unconscious level. Multiple choice question. Conformity Dissonance Explicit Implicit
Implicit
________ racism refers to prejudicial attitudes that exist on a deeper, unconscious level.
Implicit
What is the Implicit Associations Test (IAT) designed to assess? Multiple choice question. Explicit racism Implicit racism Discrimination Stereotyping
Implicit racism
Which is correct about the Stanford prison experiment? Multiple choice question. It was halted before participants could even arrive at the study. It ran for six days before halting due to participant safety concerns. It ran for its fully planned four-month time frame. It ran for three years before authorities halted it on ethical grounds.
It ran for six days before halting due to participant safety concerns.
How long did it take participants in one research study to form an impression of an unfamiliar face? Multiple choice question. About 2 seconds About 7 seconds About 5 seconds Less than a second
Less than a second
The famous study examining obedience to an experimenter, conducted by ___________ (last name), raised serious ethical concerns and would be unlikely to be approved under today's ethical guidelines.
Milgram
Which classic study in psychology raised serious ethical concerns? Multiple choice question. Festinger's research on cognitive dissonance Asch's conformity study Kelley's impression formation study Milgram's obedience study
Milgram's obedience study
__________social influence is the influence that other people have on us because we want them to like and approve of us.
Normative
Burger suggested 4 key factors to explain obedience in Milgram's obedience study. Which are they? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. Novelty of the situation Opportunity to punish a stranger Normative information provided Limited time to think about the decision Opportunity to deny responsibility
Novelty of the situation Normative information provided Limited time to think about the decision Opportunity to deny responsibility
What is the social psychological term for a change in behavior in response to the commands of others? Multiple choice question. Obedience Conformity Compliance Influence
Obedience
Which people tend to be more likely to engage in prosocial behavior? Multiple choice question. People of lower socioeconomic status People experiencing depression People who watch violent television shows People of higher socioeconomic status
People of lower socioeconomic status
___ involves trying to change someone's attitudes and/or behavior. Multiple choice question. Altruism Dissonance Persuasion Stereotype threat
Persuasion
______ involves trying to change someone's attitudes and/or behavior.
Persuasion
Several factors that contribute to attraction are noted in the text, including which of the following? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. Proximity Intimacy Similarity Acquaintance
Proximity Similarity Acquaintance
____ is the degree to which we have positive or negative feelings about ourselves. Multiple choice question. Egoism Self-serving bias Stereotype threat Self-esteem
Self-esteem
What is the term for expectations about a future event or behavior that act to increase the likelihood that the event or behavior will occur? Multiple choice question. Fundamental attribution errors Self-fulfilling prophecies Stereotypes Acts of discrimination
Self-fulfilling prophecies
If people think that members of a specific group lack ambition, they may treat them in a way that actually brings about a lack of ambition. What does this illustrate? Multiple choice question. Discrimination Self-fulfilling prophecy Modern racism Prejudicial behaviors
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Researchers told grade school teachers that a small number of students were likely to be "late bloomers" during that academic year. Even though the students were actually randomly selected, the teachers' expectations were reflected in the students' performance. What is this is an illustration of? Multiple choice question. Social cognition Self-fulfilling prophesy Discrimination "Beautiful is good" stereotype
Self-fulfilling prophesy
___ theory explains the connection between attitudes and behaviors by suggesting that individuals make inferences about their attitudes by perceiving their own behavior. Multiple choice question. Self-connection Cognitive dissonance Self-perception Elaboration likelihood
Self-perception
______ identity is a way individuals define themselves in terms of their group membership.
Social
_________ exchange theory is based on the equity in a relationship
Social
___ states that the way we define ourselves in terms of our group memberships is a crucial part of self-image and a valuable source of positive feelings about ourselves. Multiple choice question. Self-image theory Social identity theory The elaboration likelihood model Cognitive dissonance theory
Social identity theory
Which of these statements is TRUE? Multiple Choice Social norms can influence even small behaviors, like taking one's hat on and off. Social norms only influence large behaviors, like not engaging in criminal behavior. Social norms only influence social behaviors, like marriage, friendship, and workplace interactions. Social norms do not seem to influence behavior in most people.
Social norms can influence even small behaviors, like taking one's hat on and off.
Which of the following statements is TRUE? Multiple Choice Only prejudiced individuals stereotype others. Discrimination is always the result of stereotyping. Prejudice and discrimination are unrelated. Stereotypes can lead to prejudice.
Stereotypes can lead to prejudice.
Researchers have criticized the results of the Stanford prison experiment by researching which of the following ideas? Multiple choice question. That not telling participants the study was about prison life resulted in participants feeling deceived and being more aggressive That not telling participants the study was about prison life may have resulted in getting more passive participants That recruiting for a study about "prison life" may have resulted in getting more altruistic participants That recruiting for a study about "prison life" may have resulted in getting more aggressive participants
That recruiting for a study about "prison life" may have resulted in getting more aggressive participants
In a classic study examining cognitive dissonance, participants were asked to do a boring task and then were paid either $1 or $20 to tell others that the task was enjoyable. Which of the following accurately describes what the researchers found? Multiple choice question. The participants who were paid $20 rated the task as more enjoyable than the participants who were paid $1. The participants who were told that the task was boring rated the task as more enjoyable than those who were told the task was fun. The participants who were told the task was enjoyable rated the task as more fun than those who were not told anything about the task. The participants who were paid $1 rated the task as more enjoyable than the participants who were paid $20.
The participants who were paid $1 rated the task as more enjoyable than the participants who were paid $20.
Person perception is which of the following? Multiple choice question. The study of human societies, organizations, and institutions. The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people. The way in which individuals think in social situations The processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others
The processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others
What is the definition of social psychology? Multiple choice question. Perceptual cues and the study of people and communities The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people The study of how people influence other people The study of how people perceive other people
The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people
How did most people react when confronted with rudeness? Multiple Choice They walked away or ignored it. They rolled their eyes. They reported the rude individual to the authorities. They were rude back.
They walked away or ignored it.
Which of the following statements about situationism is TRUE? Multiple Choice Though the term didn't exist at the time, Milgram was a proponent of what today's social psychologists call situationism. Situationism is the idea that people's behavior is largely determined by genetics and unaffected by the environment. Individuals whose obedience is situationally derived are usually mentally ill or predisposed to hostile behaviors. Behaviors such as racism, sexism, lying, and cheating cannot be affected by situational variables.
Though the term didn't exist at the time, Milgram was a proponent of what today's social psychologists call situationism.
True or false: Social psychologists tend to use experimental methods more often than descriptive methods.
True
Researchers examined an intervention to reduce implicit prejudice. Which of the following was NOT a part of that intervention? Multiple choice question. Were advised to seek out contact with members of the out-group Underwent training to break prejudice habits Were advised to list out-group stereotypes and think of individuals who fit the stereotype Completed the Implicit Associations Test Received their Implicit Associations Test scores
Were advised to list out-group stereotypes and think of individuals who fit the stereotype
When are attitudes more likely to guide behavior? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. When a person has strong attitudes When a person rehearses and practices his or her strong attitudes When a person is very aware of his or her own attitudes When the person's attitude changed recently When the person's attitudes do not affect the individual personally
When a person has strong attitudes When a person rehearses and practices his or her strong attitudes When a person is very aware of his or her own attitudes
Which of the following is a circumstance in which researchers would not expect attitudes to guide behavior? Multiple choice question. When a person rehearses and practices his or her strong attitudes When a person has strong attitudes When the person's attitudes changed recently When a person is very aware of his or her own attitudes
When the person's attitudes changed recently
___________'s Stanford prison experiment concluded that situational factors and social roles powerfully affect human behavior.
Zimbardo
When the participant defers to the professor, it carries with it Multiple Choice a diffusion of responsibility. a level of mental incapacity. an indicator of Nazi affiliation. All of the answers are correct.
a diffusion of responsibility.
In the replication experiment, subjects thought that they were arriving to participate in Multiple Choice an obedience experiment. a memory test. an intelligence assessment. a personality inventory.
a memory test.
What percentage of Americans think that we are ruder now than we were 20-30 years ago? Multiple Choice about 40 percent about 50 percent about 60 percent about 70 percent
about 70 percent
In "smoke-filled room" studies, smoke billowed from a vent in a room. If the research participant in the room was _____, he or she was more likely to get help quickly. If the participant was ____, he or she was likely to either take much longer to get help or not get help at all. Multiple choice question. with another bystander; alone alone; with another bystander sad; happy happy; sad
alone; with another bystander
A(n) _____ is purposely placed in a study by the experimenter in order to manipulate the situation the participants must engage in. Multiple choice question. experimenter confederate placebo informer
confederate
In Solomon Asch's experiment in which participants sat in a group and compared the length of lines, the conclusion showed that the pressure to ______ is strong.
conform
In Asch's famous research study, participants agreed with people making an incorrect choice in a line length judgment task. This study is a classic study of _________.
conformity
n Asch's famous research study, participants agreed with people making an incorrect choice in a line length judgment task. This study is a classic study of _____. Multiple choice question. obedience attraction conformity deindividuation
conformity
The term _____ is used to describe a process that occurs when being part of a group reduces personal identity and erodes the sense of personal responsibility. One explanation for this is that being a group member gives us anonymity.
deindividuation
The United States has laws against ________, or unjustified negative behavior toward a group or its members. Multiple Choice stereotyping prejudice discrimination All of the answers are correct.
discrimination
Health _______ refer to the often preventable differences in physical functioning that exist for socially disadvantaged groups.
disparities
If you believe it is wrong to steal but you sneak into a movie theater with a friend, you would likely experience cognitive Multiple Choice ambivalence. dissension. discord. dissonance.
dissonance.
According to the social _________ theory, the objective of relationships is to minimize costs and maximize benefits.
exchange
In the beginning of the video, what behavior did the man feel pressured to conform to do? Multiple Choice press all of the buttons in the elevator face the back of the elevator instead of the front stare at a woman in the elevator jump up and down in the elevator
face the back of the elevator instead of the front
Social _____ is when an individual's performance improves in the presence of others. Multiple choice question. interference control facilitation pressure
facilitation
Social _____ occurs when an individual's performance improves due to the presence of others.
facilitation
Lori was very angry when she heard that her husband, John, had an affair with his secretary, Kimberly. In retaliation, she found Kimberly's husband's Facebook page, her company's Twitter account, and her church's website and put up numerous posts telling all the details of the affair. Lori's behavior is an example of Multiple Choice hostile aggression. instrumental aggression. proactive aggression. passive aggression.
hostile aggression.
The influence other people have on us because we want to be correct is referred to as _____. Multiple choice question. informational social influence deindividuation normative social influence obedience
informational social influence
Attributions fall in two categories: Multiple Choice internal and external. behavior and assumption. fundamental and extraneous. temporary or permanent.
internal and external.
When several students are assigned to do a group presentation, only three of the four actually do the required work. A social psychologist would refer to this as social _____.
loafing
Companionate love is most common in Multiple Choice new relationships. short-term flings. long-lasting relationships. one-sided connections.
long-lasting relationships.
According to the social exchange theory, the objective of relationships is to _____. Multiple choice question. minimize costs and maximize benefits minimize compromise and maximize gains maximize costs and minimize benefits minimize effort and maximize rewards
minimize costs and maximize benefits
Fundamental attribution error occurs when we place Multiple Choice more importance on internal traits of other people. less importance on internal traits of other people. more importance on internal traits of ourselves. less importance on internal traits of ourselves.
more importance on internal traits of other people.
Miko has just transferred to a new high school and starts to dress and act like the popular students there because she wants them to like her. This is an example of ______ social influence.
normative
The influence other people have on us because we want them to like us is ____. Multiple choice question. normative social influence obedience deindividuation informational social influence
normative social influence
Milgram's classic study involving teachers, learners, and electric shock was designed to examine the power of _____. Multiple choice question. groupthink conformity obedience deindividuation
obedience
What is fatuous love? Multiple Choice physical and sexual attraction passion and commitment emotional connection and closeness intimacy and commitment
passion and commitment
Jane and Blaine meet at a party, have a short conversation with each other, and then return to their friends. Later that evening, they have another brief conversation. In predicting whether these two individuals will be interpersonally attracted to each other, we should Multiple Choice pay more attention to the first conversation they shared with each other. pay more attention to the last conversation they shared with each other. pay equal attention to both conversations they shared with each other. pay little attention to either conversation.
pay more attention to the first conversation they shared with each other.
The murder of Kitty Genovese inspired researchers to examine whether _____. Multiple choice question. women are more vulnerable to violent attacks people are less likely to help if other people are present people are willing to put themselves in danger to help a stranger there is a personality profile that indicates a greater likelihood of becoming a violent criminal
people are less likely to help if other people are present
Evolutionary psychologists propose that sex differences in mate selection relate to biological differences in the production of offspring. Evolutionary psychologists have used _____ as evidence of these evolutionary differences. Multiple choice question. jealous behavior among potential rivals behavior at nightclubs cooperative behavior among potential mates personal ads
personal ads
Zimbardo explained that when an authority figure removes _____ responsibility, true evil can emerge.
personal or individual
Unlike hostile aggression, instrumental aggression may be: Multiple Choice impulsive. planned in advance. the result of anger. All of the answers are correct.
planned in advance.
Janna describes Mike as smart, funny, selfish, and lazy. Vanna describes Ike as lazy, selfish, funny, and smart. Based on these descriptions, we are more likely to Multiple Choice prefer Mike to Ike. prefer Ike to Mike. prefer Mike first, then prefer Ike. have no preference for Mike or Ike.
prefer Mike to Ike.
Evolutionary psychologists focus on gender differences in the accounting of attraction. The goal for both sexes is to _____. Multiple choice question. commit invest procreate exchange
procreate
Investigators for the state attorney believe that George Zimmerman ________ Trayvon Martin. Multiple Choice stalked profiled framed knew
profiled
A confederate is _____. Multiple choice question. an experimenter with a political agenda a person who isn't supposed to be in the research study but shows up to participate anyway a participant who, by chance, behaves in exactly the way the researcher is hoping they will purposely placed in a study by the experimenter in order to manipulate the situation the participants must engage in
purposely placed in a study by the experimenter in order to manipulate the situation the participants must engage in
The Implicit Associations Test (IAT) is designed to assess implicit ________.
racism
Social loafing occurs when an individual exerts less effort in a group because of the _______ (increased/reduced) accountability for individual effort.
reduced
Social psychologists have looked at gender differences in aggressive behavior and have found that women are more likely to show ________ aggression, and men are more likely to show ________ aggression. Multiple Choice overt; relational relational; overt internal; external external; internal
relational; overt
Miguel and Rosalie just started dating. They feel physically attracted to each other, and they are starting to develop an emotional connection. This is an example of Multiple Choice companionate love. romantic love. passionate love. consummate love.
romantic love.
The theory that individuals make inferences about their attitudes by perceiving their own behaviors is called _____ theory. Multiple choice question. self-perception effort justification cognitive dissonance self-esteem
self-perception
According to research, which neurotransmitter is most associated with prosocial behavior? Multiple Choice serotonin dopamine acetylcholine epinephrine
serotonin
When someone is asked to identify themselves and they answer with the religious or ethnic group affiliations, this is stating their _____ identity.
social
We are most likely to apply the fundamental attribution error to ________ and least likely to apply it to ________. Multiple Choice stranger; ourselves ourselves; a stranger ourselves; a friend a friend; a stranger
stranger; ourselves
People were more likely to say something to a rude person when their rudeness involved ________ in a confined space, such as a city bus. Multiple Choice badly behaved children littering talking loudly on a cell phone listening to music
talking loudly on a cell phone
What is Americans' number one complaint about rude behavior? Multiple Choice badly behaved children littering talking loudly on a cell phone cutting in line at the store
talking loudly on a cell phone
A stranger goes straight to the front of a long line waiting to speak with a customer service representative at a department store. In applying the fundamental attribution error, you would most likely think Multiple Choice that stranger is a rude person. that stranger must have an emergency. that stranger didn't notice the line of other customers waiting. that stranger was told by another employee to go straight to the front of the line.
that stranger is a rude person.
Which type of persuasion relies more on emotion or cues outside the message to influence? Multiple Choice the cognitive route the extreme route the peripheral route the central route
the peripheral route
Randy is sitting at home watching TV. He just had dinner, but a commercial for a frozen dessert appears on his television. In the commercial, a happy family is eating the dessert. Randy, who had not been hungry moments before, suddenly decides to take his son out to get ice cream. Randy's decision has likely been influenced by Multiple Choice the central route to persuasion. the peripheral route to persuasion. the central and peripheral routes to persuasion. neither the central nor peripheral routes to persuasion.
the peripheral route to persuasion
After watching the behaviors in the video, what do you think it means to conform? Multiple Choice when you do not have your own ideas on how to behave when society tells the people in elevators to do strange things when your behavior causes the behavior of others to change when the behavior of others causes you to change your own behavior
when the behavior of others causes you to change your own behavior
