PSYC1300 Chapter 13
A therapist's assessment of his or her abilities to manage cultural issues in therapy and the client's perception of those abilities
cross-cultural competence
Which of the following are critiques of ECT? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. After treatments, patients often experience disorientation, confusion, and sometimes memory loss that may remain for months. When it does work, we do not know why. It does not produce long-term improvement. It emphasizes changing external behavior, and so people do not gain insight into thoughts and expectations.
After treatments, patients often experience disorientation, confusion, and sometimes memory loss that may remain for months. When it does work, we do not know why. It does not produce long-term improvement.
What do patients learn in soccer therapy? Multiple Choice to be able to stay in a group to have a match and win to have a match and lose All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct.
Moniz developed the original lobotomy procedure, and Freeman developed his own version using a surgical instrument similar to what? Multiple choice question. A small, thin scissors A hand drill An ice pick A slotted spoon
An ice pick
___ drugs are used to reduce severe symptoms of disturbance, such as loss of touch with reality and agitation. Multiple choice question. Antidepressant Mood stabilizer Antipsychotic
Antipsychotic
Which of the following are the newest type of antipsychotic drugs? Multiple choice question. Atypical antipsychotic medications Neuroleptic antipsychotic medications Benzodiazepines
Atypical antipsychotic medications -carry a much lower risk of the neurological side effect of tardive dyskinesia.
Which of the following are biological therapies? Psychoanalysis Drug therapy Client-centered therapy Classical conditioning Electroconvulsive therapy Psychosurgery
Drug therapy Electroconvulsive therapy Psychosurgery
In cases of severe depression, ________ therapy offers the only quickly effective treatment.
ECT or electroconvulsive
Which procedure used in the treatment of severe depression involves an electric current being briefly administered to a patient's brain? Multiple choice question. Antipsychotic treatment Electroconvulsive therapy Psychosurgery Eclectic therapy
Electroconvulsive therapy
_________ therapists meet with all the members of this group so that they can speak freely for the therapist to see how they interact.
Family
Kidney and thyroid gland complications are possible consequences of the use of which of the following? Multiple choice question. Lithium SSRI drugs Antipsychotic drugs Antianxiety drugs
Lithium
ECT is given mainly to individuals who have not responded to drug therapy or psychotherapy, and its administration involves which of the following? Multiple choice question. Little discomfort A high level of pain Extended inpatient hospital care No side effects
Little discomfort
The prefrontal lobotomy procedure, as practiced by Walter Freeman, sought to alleviate severe symptoms of mental illness with surgeries that lasted how long? Multiple choice question. Seconds Hours Minutes Days
Minutes
Patricia Quig found help for her agoraphobia using Multiple Choice World of Warcraft. Twitter. Facebook. Second Life.
Second Life.
_____ support groups are for individuals who tend to cope by seeking information and affiliations with peers. This type of group can also reduce stress and promote adjustment. Multiple choice question. Group-help Self-help Support-help Peer-help
Self-help
How old was Patty when she heard about Second Life? Multiple Choice She was 18. She had just turned 25. She was just about to turn 40. She was 61.
She was just about to turn 40.
In spite of side effects such as memory loss and other cognitive impairments, why do some therapists feel that ECT is an appropriate therapy? Multiple choice question. The results last longer than the improvement found with cognitive therapy. It is much cheaper than drug therapy. The results last longer than the improvement found with drug therapy. The rapid improvement in depressed patients can save lives.
The rapid improvement in depressed patients can save lives.
The video listed a number of mental illnesses that soccer therapy appears to currently be helping. Which of the following was NOT included? Multiple Choice delusional schizophrenic depression autism
autism
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is an example of Multiple Choice a self-help support group. family therapy. psychoanalysis. behavior therapy.
a self-help support group.
The traditional goal for therapy, which has been recognized as often more central to men than women, has been _____. Multiple choice question. relatedness autonomy or self-determination connection with others self-actualization
autonomy or self-determination
Also called biomedical therapies, treatments that reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of body functioning.
biological therapies
Research has shown that the match between _____ and a client's personality can influence how effective their treatment will be. Multiple choice question. a therapist's education the expected result a therapist's style
a therapist's style
As part of systematic desensitization, after the relaxation response is established, the therapist begins to use ________ to reduce the client's fears. Multiple Choice operant conditioning classical conditioning observational learning electroshock therapy
classical conditioning
Also called Rogerian therapy or nondirective therapy, a form of humanistic therapy, developed by Rogers, in which the therapist provides a warm, supportive atmosphere to improve the client's self-concept and to encourage the client to gain insight into problems.
client-centered therapy
An area of psychology that integrates science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders.
clinical psychology
Sam and Tracy decide to see a therapist to improve their romantic relationship. This is typically referred to as _________ therapy.
couples
Therapy conducted with two people who are having trouble with their relationship is called ____ therapy.
couples
Group therapy involving married or unmarried couples whose major problem lies within their relationship.
couples therapy
What is cognition? Multiple Choice the ability to identify and challenge negative thought patterns and beliefs the impact on our expectations for the future due our behaviors and emotions the way we think, process, and remember information the consideration of alternative ways of thinking
the way we think, process, and remember information
The purpose of free association is to allow the therapist the opportunity to identify connections between what a patient says and the patient's _____. Multiple choice question. unconscious thoughts conscious thoughts feelings of self-efficacy automatic beliefs
unconscious thoughts
Individuals develop the sense that other people suffer and feel anguish as they do in group therapy. This is the _____ feature of group therapy. Multiple choice question. altruism development of social skills information universality
universality
Psychologists realize that having scientific evidence to support the therapy they use for their clients is important. Therefore, most psychologists use ________ to help them make decisions based on research and a client's own culture, characteristics, and preferences. Multiple Choice the biopsychosocial approach evidence-based practice the DSM-5 the diathesis-stress model
evidence-based practice
Sasha, her three children, and her partner are all going to see a therapist. They will participate in ________ therapy.
family
Group therapy with family members.
family therapy
The concept of empathy as it is used in humanistic therapy is a therapist's attempt to _____. Multiple choice question. get the client to understand the true emotions of the therapist, especially as they relate to the client get the client to become aware of hidden, unconscious emotions get the client to be aware of the emotions of friends and family feel the emotions that the client is feeling
feel the emotions that the client is feeling
Psychoanalysts using the technique of _____ association tell patients to say aloud whatever comes to mind, regardless of its apparent irrelevance or senselessness.
free
A psychoanalytic technique that involves encouraging individuals to say aloud whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.
free association
A sociocultural approach to the treatment of psychological disorders that brings together individuals who share a particular psychological disorder in sessions that are typically led by a mental health professional.
group therapy
Therapists using ______ techniques seek to help people understand themselves, self-actualize, and find ways to come closer to the ideal they hold for themselves.
humanistic
Treatments that uniquely emphasize people's self-healing capacities and that encourage clients to understand themselves and to grow personally.
humanistic therapies
19-year-old Ryland thinks to herself, "I'll never find someone to love. I'll be old and gray and all alone." This is an example of Multiple Choice teenage catastrophizing. girl self-talk. healthy self-knowledge. maladaptive cognitions.
maladaptive cognitions.
Amelia often treats her depressed clients with drug therapy in hopes of adjusting the levels of serotonin in the brain. Amelia was most likely trained in the ________ perspective. Multiple Choice behavioral psychodynamic cognitive medical
medical
A side effect of a prefrontal lobotomy is _____. Multiple choice question. diarrhea insomnia and restlessness permanent and profound brain damage tardive dyskinesia
permanent and profound brain damage
Freud's therapeutic technique for analyzing an individual's unconscious thoughts.
psychoanalysis
Which approach to therapy focuses on the early stages of psychosexual development to provide insight into understanding the causes of a person's disorder? Multiple Choice behavioral psychodynamic cognitive medical
psychodynamic
A biological therapy, with irreversible effects, that involves removal or destruction of brain tissue to improve the individual's adjustment.
psychosurgery
A nonmedical process that helps individuals with psychological disorders recognize and overcome their problems.
psychotherapy
A technique in which the therapist mirrors the client's own feelings back to the client.
reflective speech
A client's unconscious defense strategies that prevent the person from gaining insight into his or her psychological problems.
resistance
A behavior therapy that treats anxiety by teaching the client to associate deep relaxation with increasingly intense anxiety-producing situations
systematic desensitization
Also called shock therapy, a treatment, sometimes used for depression, that sets off a seizure in the brain.
electroconvulsive therapy
Which of the following are insight therapies? 1. biological 2. sociocultural 3. humanistic 4. psychodynamic
3. humanistic 4. psychodynamic
Which of the following are side effects of antianxiety drugs? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. Fatigue Insomnia and other sleep disorders Mental slowness Loss of coordination
Fatigue Mental slowness Loss of coordination
The psychodynamic approaches to therapy are based largely on whose theories? Multiple choice question. Rogers Freud Beck Ellis
Freud
_____ are the most widely used class of antipsychotic drugs. Multiple choice question. Neuroleptics Antianxiety drugs Antidepressants
Neuroleptics
In _______ therapy, several unrelated people meet with a therapist to discuss some aspect of their psychological functioning.
group
Established by Carl Rogers, client-centered therapy attempts to help a patient by which of the following? Multiple choice question. Discovering the unconscious conflicts caused by early childhood experiences Using the procedures of free association and dream analysis Helping patients identify and understanding their feelings Determining what behaviors are causing unhappiness and changing them
Helping patients identify and understanding their feelings
What disorder is the drug lithium used to treat? Multiple choice question. Anorexia nervosa Panic disorder Bipolar disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Bipolar disorder
___________-________ therapy combines reducing self-defeating thoughts and behavior change.
Blank 1: Cognitive Blank 2: behavior
_____-_______ is the idea that one can master a situation and produce positive outcomes.
Blank 1: Self Blank 2: efficacy
Dr. Skelton considers herself to be a practitioner of contemporary psychodynamic therapy. Which of the following are most likely true of her therapeutic style? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. She places less emphasis on sex than traditional psychoanalysts do. Therapy sessions are less frequent than in the traditional version of psychoanalysis. She probes the unconscious of the patient. There is no emphasis on early childhood experiences.
She places less emphasis on sex than traditional psychoanalysts do. Therapy sessions are less frequent than in the traditional version of psychoanalysis. She probes the unconscious of the patient.
SSRI drugs work by increasing the levels of _____ in the brain.
serotonin
_______ drugs reduce the level of anxiety a person can experience and increase feelings of well-being.
Antianxiety
Tricyclics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors are examples of what type of drug? Multiple choice question. Antidepressant Antianxiety Tranquilizer Antipsychotic
Antidepressant
_________ drugs are a class of medications used to treat depression and improve the moods of the patients.
Antidepressant
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft, are widely prescribed because they have fewer side effects than other antidepressants. They do have some side effects, however, including which of the following? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. Anxiety Headache Insomnia Interaction with fermented foods Reduced sexual functioning
Anxiety Headache Insomnia Reduced sexual functioning
A form of therapy that reduces the frequency of undesired behavior by pairing an unpleasant stimulus with undesired behavior is which of the following? Multiple choice question. Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Unconditional positive regard Cognitive restructuring
Aversive conditioning
People are given a drug that causes vomiting and nausea whenever they drink alcohol. What is this an example of? Multiple choice question. Aversive conditioning Exposure treatments System desensitization Thought stopping
Aversive conditioning
Which are the two most widely used atypical antipsychotic medications? Multiple select question. MAO inhibitors Clozapine Xanax Risperidone
Clozapine Risperidone
Client-centered therapy is a humanistic therapy that emphasizes which of the following? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. Openly exaggerating a client's characteristics Encouraging the client to gain insight into problems Dream interpretation Providing a warm, supportive atmosphere Helping to identify and understand the client's genuine feelings Free association
Encouraging the client to gain insight into problems Providing a warm, supportive atmosphere Helping to identify and understand the client's genuine feelings
___ means that decisions about treatment are made using the best available research and considering the therapist's clinical judgment and client characteristics, culture, and preferences. Multiple choice question. Sociocultural approach to therapy Biological approach to therapy Evidence-based practice Therapeutic alliance
Evidence-based practice
Which of the following statements concerning psychotherapy is FALSE? Multiple choice question. Most therapies share several basic similar elements. For most people, psychotherapy is effective. No single form of psychotherapy works best for every problem. For many clinical disorders, no treatment is better than receiving a treatment.
For many clinical disorders, no treatment is better than receiving a treatment.
Which of the following are true of tricyclic medications? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. Tricyclics are antianxiety drugs known as tranquilizers. Tricyclics reduce depressive symptoms in 60 to 70 percent of people taking them. Tricyclics increase the level of certain neurotransmitters. Tricyclics block the enzyme monoamine oxidase.
Tricyclics reduce depressive symptoms in 60 to 70 percent of people taking them. Tricyclics increase the level of certain neurotransmitters.
True or false: Drug therapy involves the use of drugs to treat psychological disorders.
True
True or false: Electroconvulsive therapy sets off a seizure in the brain.
True
True or false: Psychiatrists are medical doctors.
True -have an MD, may prescribe medication
Which of the following are examples of antianxiety drugs? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. Ritalin Lithium Valium Xanax
Valium Xanax
Freud referred to the release of emotional tension a person experiences when reliving an emotionally charged and conflicting event as _____. Multiple choice question. transference reflective speech resistance catharsis
catharsis
The field of psychology that focuses on the integration of science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders is __________ psychology.
clinical
Lakeshia has been suffering from depression and wants to know which type of psychotherapy is most likely to lead to successful treatment of her symptoms. What would be the best advice to give Lakeshia? Multiple Choice "Don't bother with psychotherapy—it usually doesn't work for depression. Medication is your best bet." "You can't cure the depression until you get at its underlying causes. Psychodynamic therapy will be most helpful here." "No one specific type of therapy will necessarily be the most effective. You need to think about your own preferences and strengths and find a therapist with whom you feel comfortable." "Depression is generally caused by irrational beliefs. You need to seek out a cognitive therapist."
"No one specific type of therapy will necessarily be the most effective. You need to think about your own preferences and strengths and find a therapist with whom you feel comfortable."
Label the descriptions of drugs used to treat psychological disorders. 1. Drugs that regulate mood. 2. Drugs that reduce anxiety by making the individual calmer and less excitable. 3. Drugs that diminish agitated behavior, reduce tension, decrease hallucinations, improve social behavior, and produce better sleep patterns. 4. Antianxiety drugs that work by binding to the receptor sites of neurotransmitters that become overactive during anxiety. 5. One of the four classes of antidepressant drugs that works by increasing the level of certain neurotransmitters, especially norepinephrine and serotonin. 6. One of the four classes of antidepressant drugs that enhances the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin. 7. One of the four classes of antidepressant drugs that works by blocking the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which breaks down norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. 8. One of the four classes of antidepressant drugs that works by interfering with the reabsorption of serotonin in the brain. 9. Most frequently used class of antipsychotic drugs. 10. Substance widely used to treat bipolar disorder.
1. antidepressant drugs 2. antianxiety drugs 3. antipsychotic drugs 4. benzodiazepines 5. tricyclics 6. tetracyclics 7. MAO inhibitors 8. SSRIs 9. Neuroleptics 10. lithium
Identify the features of group therapy that make it an attractive form of treatment 1. development of social skills 2. sense of individualism 3. experience a positive family setting 4. universality 5. altruism 6. information 7. interpersonal learning 8. development of awareness of unconscious motives
1. development of social skills 2. experience a positive family setting 3. universality 4. altruism 5. information 6. interpersonal learning
Kyla is afraid of spiders. Her therapist recommended systematic desensitization to deal with her phobia. They have been working on her phobia for several sessions in the office, and it is time for her third step: gradual exposure. You are an intern in the practice, and you will be conducting this step with Kyla. Which of the following answers indicates how you will proceed? Multiple Choice Begin by placing the spider in Kyla's lap. Leave it there until her heart rate returns to her baseline. Begin by placing the spider far enough away from Kyla that her heart rate remains at her baseline. Each time you move the spider closer to Kyla, you will see her heart rate change on the monitor. Make sure to continue to move it closer to her before her heart rate returns to the baseline. Begin by placing the spider far enough away from Kyla that her heart rate remains at her baseline. Each time you move the spider closer to Kyla, you will see her heart rate change on the monitor. Do not move it closer to her until her deep breathing returns her heart rate to the baseline. Begin by asking Kyla to close her eyes and relax. Let the spider out of his cage and let him roam around the office. Continue to help Kyla relax and keep her heart at baseline.
Begin by placing the spider far enough away from Kyla that her heart rate remains at her baseline. Each time you move the spider closer to Kyla, you will see her heart rate change on the monitor. Do not move it closer to her until her deep breathing returns her heart rate to the baseline.
Which of the following types of therapy offers action-oriented strategies and uses principles of learning to help clients? Multiple choice question. Humanistic therapy Behavioral therapy Psychoanalytic therapy Psychodynamic therapy
Behavioral therapy
Studies have found that when there is a match between the therapist's and the client's ethnic background, which of the following may be observed? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. Better treatment outcomes The therapist will start to adopt the client's values. The client is likely to stay in treatment longer.
Better treatment outcomes The client is likely to stay in treatment longer.
Ethnic-specific services that have been found to help retain clients in many cases have better treatment outcomes include having which of the following? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A variety of food provided Bicultural/bilingual staff Culturally specific music playing Flexible hours for treatment Culturally appropriate greetings
Bicultural/bilingual staff Flexible hours for treatment Culturally appropriate greetings
Which of the following is NOT one of the four major approaches to psychotherapy? Multiple choice question. Humanistic Psychodynamic Behavior Cognitive Biological
Biological
A therapist's understanding that certain techniques, such as CBT, may clash with a client's cultural beliefs reflects ______-______ competence.
Blank 1: cross Blank 2: cultural
Some psychologists assert that psychotherapy with men may focus more on autonomy and self-determination, whereas psychotherapy with women should include _____ and __________ to others.
Blank 1: relatedness Blank 2: connection
The ____-_____ support group is conducted by a paraprofessional or a member of a common-interest group.
Blank 1: self Blank 2: help
Which of the following types of professionals cannot write prescriptions for drugs? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. Clinical psychologists Psychiatrists Counselors Gestalt therapists
Clinical psychologists Counselors Gestalt therapists
Frank, an Asian American, is struggling with depression. When he tells a friend that he plans to get therapy, Frank mentions that he hopes the therapist is Asian American. His friend responds that Frank is biased and that he should be open to a therapist from any background. Based on research findings, what is Frank's wisest course of action if he genuinely wants his therapy to succeed? Multiple Choice Frank should insist on an Asian American therapist because he can benefit from counseling only if his therapist shares his ethnicity. Frank is being close-minded and should take whatever therapist he gets. Frank should be open to a therapist who understands the cultural issues that might affect Frank's life. Frank should seek out a therapist who does not share his ethnicity because that way he will be forced to think outside the box.
Frank should be open to a therapist who understands the cultural issues that might affect Frank's life.
The fact that individuals receive information about their problems from other members, that individuals observe that others feel anguish and suffering as well, that members support one another, and the fact that corrective feedback from peers may correct flaws in the individual's interpersonal skills are all attractive features of which therapy approach? Multiple choice question. Group Individual Couples
Group
____ therapy has the underlying rationale that people are basically good, have control of their behavior, can make choices about their lives, and are essentially able to solve their own problems. Multiple choice question. Humanistic Cognitive Psychodynamic Behavioral
Humanistic
How does Prozac work? Multiple Choice It elevates mood by producing dopamine. It blocks the reabsorption of serotonin. It blocks the action of dopamine. It creates an excess of GABA.
It blocks the reabsorption of serotonin.
What type of treatment for a fear of flying is this? The therapist asks the client to create a top-10 list of fears related to his fear of flying. The client begins with the lowest fear while looking at a picture of a plane. Next the therapist encourages him to relax as he looks at the picture. Then the client continues to work his way up the top-10 list while relaxing. Eventually, the client is able to fly on a plane. Multiple choice question. Systematic desensitization Aversion therapy Rational-emotive therapy Dialectical behavior therapy
Systematic desensitization
Whereas the effectiveness of ECT, cognitive therapy, and drug therapy is comparable, ECT has the advantage in what way? Multiple choice question. Medical doctors are not needed for the administration. The fact that follow-up treatments can be carried out in the home The speed with which alteration in mood is achieved The positive experience that it produces in the patient
The speed with which alteration in mood is achieved
Which of the following are true of humanistic psychotherapy? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. There is an assumption that the obvious problem is the actual problem. There is an emphasis on peoples' self-healing capacities. The therapist emphasizes conscious rather than unconscious thought. People are encouraged to understand themselves.
There is an emphasis on peoples' self-healing capacities. The therapist emphasizes conscious rather than unconscious thought. People are encouraged to understand themselves.
True or false: A culturally competent therapist demonstrates respect for the client's cultural beliefs and practices while balancing therapeutic goals.
True
Which of the following are true of Western therapies as applied to other cultures? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. Many people in collectivist cultures are more interested in Western-style therapy that places an emphasis on the individual person. Western cultures tend to be individualistic, centering on the individual, whereas other cultures may not have such an emphasis. Many people in collectivist cultures rely more on discussing their problems with parents, friends, and relatives.
Western cultures tend to be individualistic, centering on the individual, whereas other cultures may not have such an emphasis. Many people in collectivist cultures rely more on discussing their problems with parents, friends, and relatives.
Xanax and Valium are _____ drugs and are among the medications most frequently prescribed by physicians. Multiple choice question. antidepressant antianxiety antipsychotic
antianxiety
Treatments, based on behavioral and social cognitive theories, that use principles of learning to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior.
behavior therapies
Dr. Jones often uses the principles of learning theory when treating his clients. Dr. Jones is relying on which type of therapy? Multiple Choice behavioral psychodynamic cognitive medical
behavioral
Changing a pattern of thought that is presumed to be causing maladaptive behavior or emotion is called _____. Multiple choice question. behavior modification operant conditioning cognitive conditioning cognitive restructuring
cognitive restructuring
Treatments emphasizing that cognitions (thoughts) are the main source of psychological problems; therapies that attempt to change the individual's feelings and behaviors by changing cognitions.
cognitive therapies
A therapy that combines cognitive therapy and behavior therapy with the goal of developing the client's self-efficacy.
cognitive-behavior therapy
Cultures that place more importance on the group, known as _____ cultures, can reflect different mental health needs than Western cultures. Multiple choice question. collectivist individualistic Western
collectivist
Through _____, a humanistic therapist strives to put himself or herself in the client's shoes and try to feel what the client is feeling. Multiple choice question. Gestalt therapy empathy transference free association
empathy
Dr. Henry Clerval is a proponent of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), though he believes it should only be used in the most extreme circumstances. Historically, ECT was applied to a wide range of disorders, but today it is only used Multiple Choice with clients who cause problems for the hospital staff. in Europe. with schizophrenia, particularly when positive symptoms are present. in treating severe depression, especially if there is a high risk of suicide.
in treating severe depression, especially if there is a high risk of suicide.
A psychoanalyst's search for symbolic, hidden meanings in what the client says and does during therapy.
interpretation
The philosophy of therapy that is based on operant conditioning is that maladaptive behaviors are _____. Multiple choice question. learned, but so long ago that new learning will have no effect intentional, so they can't be unlearned learned and can be unlearned innate and biologically based
learned and can be unlearned
Many individuals who received _____ ended up with permanent and profound brain damage. Multiple choice question. lithium therapy biomedical therapy ECT lobotomies
lobotomies
Individuals who received the psychosurgical procedures known as _______ suffered permanent and profound brain damage.
lobotomies or lobotomy
The initial form of psychosurgery, a prefrontal ________, consisted of surgically destroying or removing parts of a patient's frontal lobes, which, surgeons thought, controlled emotionality.
lobotomy or lobotomies
Modern psychodynamic therapies typically differ from traditional Freudian therapy in all of the following ways EXCEPT Multiple Choice placing greater emphasis on conscious rather than unconscious processes. focusing more on current relationships than on childhood experiences. having the client face the therapist and talk to him or her directly. meeting several times a week for a few months, rather than once a week for a period of years.
meeting several times a week for a few months, rather than once a week for a period of years.
Most antidepressant drugs work by changing the concentration of specific __________ in the brain.
neurotransmitters
Compared to cognitive therapy and antidepressant therapy, ECT _____. Multiple choice question. is usually preferred over antidepressant therapy produces rapid improvements produces no side effects is usually preferred to cognitive therapy by patients
produces rapid improvements
The relationship between the therapist and client—an important element of successful psychotherapy.
therapeutic alliance
In group therapy, several unrelated people meet with a _____ to discuss some aspect of their psychological functioning. Multiple choice question. nurse neighbor therapist friend
therapist
Antianxiety drugs are commonly known as _____. Multiple choice question. tricyclic medications tranquillizers antidepressants MAO inhibitors
tranquillizers
The concept of authenticity is used by humanistic therapists and involves letting a client know the _____. Multiple choice question. hidden conflicts of the unconscious true feelings of the therapist true nature of his or her personality
true feelings of the therapist
A therapist who uses client-centered therapy and endeavors to create a warm and caring environment, never disapproving of the client as a person, is engaging in _____. Multiple choice question. cognitive restructuring unconditional positive regard transference reflective speech
unconditional positive regard
True or false: Clinical psychology is the area of psychology that integrates science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders.
True
True or false: Cognitive treatment works to change behavior or feelings by changing thoughts.
True
The goal of psychotherapy is the use of _____. Multiple choice question. nonmedical means to help individuals recognize and alleviate their problems nonmedical means to help individuals ignore and avoid their problems medical means to help individuals ignore and avoid their problems medical means to help individuals recognize and alleviate their problems
nonmedical means to help individuals recognize and alleviate their problems
Ella's therapist has told her that he practices insight therapy in which an important therapeutic goal is gaining insight. Ella's therapist is most likely either _____ or _____. Multiple select question. psychodynamic cognitive humanistic behavioral
psychodynamic humanistic
A counseling psychologist is a _____. Multiple choice question. graduate of a school of social work with additional clinical training psychologist with a PhD, PsyD, or EdD who does therapy and counseling psychologist who specializes in a treatment first developed by Freud
psychologist with a PhD, PsyD, or EdD who does therapy and counseling
The cognitive-behavioral approach uses the dual strategies of _____. Multiple choice question. reducing self-defeating thoughts and changing behavior uncovering unconscious desires and changing behavior scaling and reducing self-defeating thoughts retribution and scaling
reducing self-defeating thoughts and changing behavior
Who identified the common logical errors in thinking as "perceiving the world as harmful while ignoring evidence to the contrary," "overgeneralizing on the basis of limited examples," "magnifying the importance of undesirable events," and "engaging in absolutist thinking"? Multiple choice question. Aaron Beck Albert Bandura Dan McAdams Albert Ellis
Aaron Beck
Ray's therapist has suggested a procedure whereby each time Ray consumes an alcoholic drink, he also has to consume a mixture that induces nausea. What is Ray's therapist suggesting? Multiple choice question. Systematic desensitization Aversive conditioning Counterconditioning
Aversive conditioning
________ therapies are treatments to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering the way an individual's body functions.
Biological, Drug, Biomedical, or Biomedical therapies
Martin is a therapist who reviews current research and takes his clients' characteristics and culture along with his clinical judgment into consideration when providing psychotherapy. According to your text, he is utilizing _________-___________ practice.
Blank 1: evidence Blank 2: based
A humanistic therapist who expresses feelings of acceptance toward a client, regardless of what the client has done or feels, is expressing ________ _____ regard.
Blank 1: unconditional Blank 2: positive
Cognitive restructuring is designed to do which of the following? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. Develop awareness of inherent potential for growth Change a pattern of thought that is causing a maladaptive behavior Change a pattern of thought that is causing a maladaptive emotion Teach adaptive behavior patterns through changes in the environment
Change a pattern of thought that is causing a maladaptive behavior Change a pattern of thought that is causing a maladaptive emotion
Which two of the following are goals of the cognitive therapist? Multiple select question. Uncovering a person's unconscious thoughts Changing patterns of thought presumed to cause maladaptive functioning Emphasizing a person's self-healing capacities Identifying and challenging thinking that is self-defeating
Changing patterns of thought presumed to cause maladaptive functioning Identifying and challenging thinking that is self-defeating
_____ treatment approaches teach people to think in more adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional thoughts about the world and themselves. Multiple choice question. Behavioral Humanistic Cognitive Psychodynamic
Cognitive
________ treatment approaches teach people to think in more adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional cognitions about the world and about themselves.
Cognitive
Which of the following are considered to be the four major approaches to psychotherapy? Multiple select question. Electroconvulsive Cognitive Behavioral Dialectical Psychodynamic Humanistic
Cognitive Behavioral Psychodynamic Humanistic
Antipsychotic drugs do which of the following in individuals with severe psychological disorders? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. Diminish agitated behavior Relieve anxiety Reduce tension Improve social behavior Promote weight loss Decrease hallucinations
Diminish agitated behavior Reduce tension Improve social behavior Decrease hallucinations
Neuroleptics are drugs that help the brain process which of the following? Multiple choice question. Norepinephrine Dopamine Epinephrine Serotonin
Dopamine
Biological or biomedical therapies seek the reduction or elimination of symptoms of psychological disorders through the use of which of the following treatments? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. Electroconvulsive therapy Psychosurgery Cognitive reshaping Psychoanalysis Drugs
Electroconvulsive therapy Psychosurgery Drugs
Antidepressant drugs can affect mood by doing which of the following? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. Increasing the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin Decreasing the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin Blocking the enzyme monoamine oxidase Increasing the levels of the enzyme monoamine oxidase Interfering with the reabsorption of serotonin in the brain
Increasing the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin Blocking the enzyme monoamine oxidase Interfering with the reabsorption of serotonin in the brain
The psychodynamic approach and the humanistic approach are both examples of which more general term? Multiple choice question. Gestalt therapy Client-centered therapy Insight therapy Psychoanalysis
Insight therapy
The psychodynamic approach and the humanistic approach are both examples of which more general term? Multiple choice question. Psychoanalysis Gestalt therapy Insight therapy Client-centered therapy
Insight therapy
The SSRI type of antidepressant drugs acts by doing which of the following? Multiple choice question. Interfering with the reabsorption of serotonin in the brain Interfering with the reabsorption of norepinephrine in the brain Blocking the enzyme monoamine oxidase Interfering with the release of serotonin in the brain
Interfering with the reabsorption of serotonin in the brain
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of antianxiety drugs? Multiple choice question. Drowsiness Fatigue and mental slowing Kidney and thyroid gland complications Loss of coordination
Kidney and thyroid gland complications
What complications are sometimes associated with the use of lithium? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. Anxiety Kidney complications Thyroid complications Sleep disorders
Kidney complications Thyroid complications
When a client-centered therapist relates to a client with authenticity, the therapist does which of the following? Multiple choice question. Lets the client know the feelings of the therapist Provides alternate behavioral alternatives Probes the childhood experiences of the client Encourages congruence between verbal and nonverbal behavior
Lets the client know the feelings of the therapist
While the specific drug action is not clearly established, which of the following drugs is widely used to treat bipolar disorder? Multiple choice question. Zoloft Elevil Xanax Lithium
Lithium
Which four of the following are erroneous ways of thinking associated with Beck's approach to cognitive therapy? Multiple select question. Magnifying the importance of undesirable events Perceiving the world as harmful while ignoring evidence to the contrary Underestimating the importance of undesirable events Overgeneralizing on the basis of limited examples Engaging in absolutist thinking Engaging in useless praise of others in an attempt to be liked
Magnifying the importance of undesirable events Perceiving the world as harmful while ignoring evidence to the contrary Overgeneralizing on the basis of limited examples Engaging in absolutist thinking
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of the SSRI type of antidepressant drug? Multiple choice question. Headache Anxiety Insomnia Memory difficulties Impaired sexual functioning
Memory difficulties
A therapist who uses the technique of reflective speech does which of the following? Multiple choice question. Mirrors the clients' own feelings back to them Reflects on what patients have said Makes patients repeat positive statements about themselves Provides insight into patients' unconscious thoughts
Mirrors the clients' own feelings back to them
Which the following are main classes of antidepressant? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Selective dopamine reuptake facilitators Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Benzodiazepines
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Dr. Addison is a behavior therapist. When she explains what she does, which of the following are included in the explanation? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Operant conditioning techniques Eliminating irrational beliefs Cognitive restructuring Classical conditioning techniques
Operant conditioning techniques Classical conditioning techniques
Contemporary psychodynamic therapies differ from the original approach in that contemporary practitioners do which of the following? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. No longer probe a person's unconscious Place more importance on the conscious mind Now typically have their clients sit in a chair Typically see their clients less frequently and for a shorter time No longer emphasize emotionally laden, unconscious conflicts
Place more importance on the conscious mind Now typically have their clients sit in a chair Typically see their clients less frequently and for a shorter time
What type of psychological service provider has an MD, postgraduate training in abnormal behavior, and the ability to prescribe medication for psychological disorders? Multiple choice question. Counseling psychologist Psychiatrist Clinical psychologist Social worker
Psychiatrist
If your doctor writes you a prescription for anti-anxiety medication, this doctor is most likely which of the following? Multiple choice question. Psychologist or other medical doctor Psychiatrist or other medical doctor Counselor or psychologist Psychiatrist or psychologist
Psychiatrist or other medical doctor
What therapy is based on Freud's psychoanalytic approach to personality? Multiple choice question. Behavioral Humanistic Psychodynamic Cognitive
Psychodynamic
___ therapy consists of guiding clients to consider their past experiences, from their first memories on, as well as uncovering unconscious conflict. Multiple choice question. Humanistic Psychodynamic Cognitive Biomedical
Psychodynamic
_________ drugs are used mainly in three diagnostic categories: anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia.
Psychotherapeutic
_______ is the use of nonmedical means to help individuals recognize and alleviate their problems.
Psychotherapy, Therapy, or Counseling
The goals of psychodynamic therapy are to help individuals to do which of the following? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. Develop their authenticity Reduce the associations between maladaptive behaviors and reinforcers Recognize the role of early childhood experiences in the development of the individual's problems Recognize the sources of their unconscious conflicts
Recognize the role of early childhood experiences in the development of the individual's problems Recognize the sources of their unconscious conflicts
In an attempt to get a client to identify and understand his or her own genuine feelings, a therapist using client-centered therapy might use which technique? Multiple choice question. Free association Reflective speech Systematic desensitization Transference
Reflective speech
Psychotherapeutic drugs are used mainly in which of the following diagnostic categories? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. Schizophrenia Anxiety disorders Mood disorders Personality disorders
Schizophrenia Anxiety disorders Mood disorders
_____ represents an ability to master a situation and produce positive outcomes. Multiple choice question. Self-control Self-efficacy Self-formation Self-regard
Self-efficacy
Which FOUR of the following are side effects of the tricyclic antidepressant drugs? Multiple select question. Sleepiness Loss of weight Shortness of breath Memory difficulties Faintness Restlessness
Sleepiness Memory difficulties Faintness Restlessness
Which of the following disorders might be successfully treated with aversion therapy? Multiple choice question. Personality disorder Mood disorder such as depression Substance abuse disorder Disorder such as schizophrenia
Substance abuse disorder
_____ is a behavior therapy that treats anxiety by teaching the client to associate deep relaxation with increasingly intense anxiety-producing situations. Multiple choice question. Rational-emotive therapy Aversion therapy Systematic desensitization Dialectical behavior therapy
Systematic desensitization
The class of antidepressants known as MAO inhibitors are thought to work because they block the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which operates in the synapse by _____. Multiple choice question. breaking down acetylcholine and norepinephrine blocking reuptake of acetylcholine and norepinephrine blocking reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine breaking down serotonin and norepinephrine
breaking down serotonin and norepinephrine
MAO inhibitors work because they block an enzyme that _____. Multiple choice question. facilitates the reuptake of serotonin breaks down norepinephrine and serotonin increases the level of norepinephrine and serotonin blocks the reuptake of serotonin
breaks down norepinephrine and serotonin
Psychodynamic/psychoanalytic therapists sometimes encourage their clients to discuss, and in a sense relive, emotionally charged events to release emotional tension. This is referred to as _____. Multiple choice question. catharsis transference resistance
catharsis
In contrast to psychodynamic therapies, humanistic therapies emphasize _____ thoughts. Multiple choice question. subliminal unconscious psychodynamic conscious
conscious
Jorge is a therapist who has a doctoral degree and specializes in career counseling for adults in mid-life transition by providing his clients with support and practical advice for their lives. Most likely he is a _______ psychologist.
counseling
The most common form of biomedical therapy is _____. Multiple choice question. psychosurgery cognitive therapy electroconvulsive therapy drug therapy
drug therapy
A therapist who views a maladaptive behavior as a learned behavior that can be unlearned subscribes to the _____ approach. Multiple choice question. cognitive therapy psychodynamic client-centered operant conditioning
operant conditioning
Antidepressant drugs Multiple select question. are typically used for temporary, symptomatic relief include eight main classes regulate mood increase or maintain the level of neurotransmitters in the brain
regulate mood increase or maintain the level of neurotransmitters in the brain
All of the following are factors that influence therapeutic progress for clients EXCEPT _____. Multiple choice question. therapist level of knowledge the match between the therapist's style and the client's personality therapist expertise the therapist's use of new and innovative therapeutic techniques
the therapist's use of new and innovative therapeutic techniques
