Psych 1 Exam

Which of the following researchers is conducting a case study? Select one: a. Dr. Henriette, who is measuring how fast a group of students can respond to a stimulus. b. Dr. Innis, who is examining the tactile perception of a blind woman c. Dr. Jenner, who is observing children on a playground d. Dr. Kulik, who is combing through newspaper stories on serial killers

b. Dr. Innis, who is examining the tactile perception of a blind woman

Jacquie dislikes foreign-language movies dubbed in English: She finds the mismatch between the movements of the speakers' lips and the dubbed English words jarring. Jacquie's impaired perception of the dialogue reflects the ________ effect. Select one: a. Mueller-Lyer b. McGurk c. cocktail party d. synesthesic

b. McGurk

The ________ illusion is a visual illusion containing a horizontal line terminating in inward- or outward-pointing arrowheads. Select one: a. McGurk b. Mueller-Lyer c. Ponzo d. moon

b. Mueller-Lyer

The ________ effect enables the perception of motion in movies. Select one: a. alpha b. beta c. psi d. phi

b. beta

Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the route followed by nerve impulses when one neuron communicates with another? Select one: a. dendrite -> axon -> cell body b. dendrite -> cell body -> axon c. axon -> cell body -> dendrite d. axon -> dendrite -> cell body

b. dendrite -> cell body -> axon

One morning, Alan wakes to the news that a powerful earthquake occurred in California. "I told you the big one would hit this year!" he exclaims. Alan appears subject to the _____ bias. Select one: a. cognitive b. hindsight c. predictive d. foresight

b. hindsight

Which of the following brain structures helps regulate hunger and sexual behavior? Select one: a. cerebellum b. hypothalamus c. limbic system d. medulla

b. hypothalamus

Dr. Quinones studies the achievement motivation of junior high-school students. He asserts that such motivation mainly reflects the parenting and educational practices the students have experienced. This statement is most directly related to the _____ question; Dr. Quinones' position is toward the _____ end of the continuum. Select one: a. nature vs. nurture; nature b. nature vs. nurture; nurture c. determinism vs. free will; free will d. determinism vs. free will; determinism

b. nature vs. nurture; nurture

The production of new neurons is called __________. Select one: a. neuroproduction b. neurogenesis c. somagenesis d. plasticity

b. neurogenesis

The chemicals that relay signals across the synapses between neurons are called _________. Select one: a. neurosignals b. neurotransmitters c. synaptic messengers d. action potentials

b. neurotransmitters

Redoing and expanding previous research is termed ___________. Select one: a. reproduction b. replication c. repetition d. restoration

b. replication

Which of the following brain structures relays signals to higher brain levels? Select one: a. cerebellum b. thalamus c. corpus callosum d. reticular formation

b. thalamus

An integrated set of principles predicting many of the observations in a given domain is termed a(n) __________. Select one: a. operational definition b. theory c. law d. hypothesis

b. theory

Which of the following describes the ossicles? Select one: a. the membranes at the end of the ear b. three bones that relay sound from the eardrum to the cochlea c. the base of the auditory nerve d. the inner part of the ear drum

b. three bones that relay sound from the eardrum to the cochlea

Dr. Greenway argues that psychology should focus on observable, measurable behavior. Dr. Cech suggests that psychology should study how people think and process informationabout the world. Which option correctly identifies their respective approaches? Select one: a. Dr. Greenway-psychodynamic; Dr. Cech-structuralism b. Dr. Greenway-structuralism; Dr. Cech-psychodynamic c. Dr. Greenway-behaviorism; Dr. Cech-cognitive d. Dr. Greenway-cognitive; Dr. Cech-behaviorism

c. Dr. Greenway-behaviorism; Dr. Cech-cognitive

Which of the following is the function of the retina? Select one: a. It reflects light away from the retina b. It regulates the amount of light entering the eye c. It contains the photoreceptor cells d. It protects the eye

c. It contains the photoreceptor cells

The function relating the value of a stimulus along some dimension to the just noticeable difference is known as __________'s law. Select one: a. Tichener b. Wundt c. Weber d. Jung

c. Weber

Which of the following is the best example of basic research? Select one: a. a comparison of the relative effectiveness of two safe-sex campaigns b. a study of the effect of a bilingual education program on academic performance c. a laboratory investigation of the effect of rehearsal on list memory d. an assessment of a program designed to reduce binge drinking among college students

c. a laboratory investigation of the effect of rehearsal on list memory

What do lesions allow the scientist to observe? Select one: a. normal brain function b. nothing, as we are unable to observe brain function if a lesion is present c. any loss of brain function that might occur d. the ratio of glial cells to neurons

c. any loss of brain function that might occur

The unit of relative loudness is known as the: Select one: a. amplitude b. pitch c. decibel d. frequency

c. decibel

The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to: Select one: a. ignore disconfirming evidence. b. reject any ideas that can't be scientifically tested. c. exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past events. d. overestimate the extent to which others share their opinions.

c. exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past events.

Which of the following best defines falsifiable? Select one: a. empirically incorrect b. inconsistent with prior data c. measurable and able to be shown to be incorrect d. specific and objective

c. measurable and able to be shown to be incorrect

Gene is to environment as _____ is to _____. Select one: a. determinism; free will b. unconscious processing; conscious processing c. nature; nurture d. free will; determinism

c. nature; nurture

Examining her data, Nikki observes that as job stress scores increase, marital satisfaction scores decrease. That is, there is a ______ relationship between job stress and marital satisfaction in Nikki's data. Select one: a. positive b. perfect c. negative d. curvilinear

c. negative

Which of the following Gestalt laws is correctly defined? Select one: a. similarity - we tend to fill in small gaps in objects b. continuity - stimuli resembling one another tend to be grouped together c. proximity - stimuli near to one another tend to be grouped together d. closure - stimuli are perceived in smooth, continuous ways

c. proximity - stimuli near to one another tend to be grouped together

Contemporary television and computer monitors are based on the _________ theory of color perception. Select one: a. place b. frequency c. trichromatic d. opponent-process

c. trichromatic

Dr. Estevez is a cognitive psychologist. Dr. Francis is a school psychologist. Dr. Gigliotti is acounseling psychologist. Which of these individuals is most likely a research psychologist? Select one: a. both Dr. Francis and Dr. Gigliotti are likely research psychologists. b. none of these individuals is likely a research psychologist. c. Dr. Gigliotti is most likely a research psychologist. d. Dr. Estevez is most likely a research psychologist.

d. Dr. Estevez is most likely a research psychologist.

Which of the following best expresses the relationship between the retina and the fovea? Select one: a. The retina is part of the fovea. b. The fovea is adjacent to the retina. c. Light passes through the fovea on its way to the retina. d. The fovea is part of the retina.

d. The fovea is part of the retina.

Methamphetamine increases the release of dopamine from an axon's terminal button. Curare blocks the release of acetylcholine. Methamphetamine is a dopamine ________; curare is an acetylcholine __________. Select one: a. facilitator; agonist b. stimulator; antagonist c. stimulator; inhibitor d. agonist; antagonist

d. agonist; antagonist

The number of violent TV shows that a child watches is positively correlated with theaggressiveness of the child's play. Why might this be? Select one: a. viewing violent TV causes aggressive behavior b. aggressive behavior causes viewing violent TV c. there is a third common-causal variable that creates the correlation d. all of the above be correct but the correlation cannot tell us which one is correct.

d. all of the above be correct but the correlation cannot tell us which one is correct.

Which of the following sequences correctly orders the level of explanation in psychology, from the lowest to the highest? Select one: a. social/cultural; interpersonal; biological b. interpersonal; social/cultural; biological c. biological; social/cultural ; interpersonal d. biological; interpersonal; social/cultural

d. biological; interpersonal; social/cultural

Mr. Kihara has gathered evidence showing that the weight of grade school students correlates positively with reading skill. Before he uses this evidence to conclude that body weight enhances reading ability, Mr. Kihara should first be reminded that: Select one: a. events often seem more probable in hindsight. b. random sequences of events often don't look random. c. sampling extreme cases leads to false generalizations. d. correlation does not prove causation.

d. correlation does not prove causation.

Dr. Allen's research examines the relationships among variables. Dr. Berg's research measures the influence of the manipulation of several variables. Dr. Allen is conducting _________ research, whereas Dr. Berg is conducting _________ research. Select one: a. descriptive; correlational b. experimental; descriptive c. descriptive; experimental d. correlational; experimental

d. correlational; experimental

Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis focused on Select one: a. observable behavior. b. Gestalt perceptions. c. introspection. d. early childhood experiences.

d. early childhood experiences.

Within neurons the communication is _____; Between neurons the communication is _____. Select one: a. chemical; electrical b. mechanical; electrical c. electrical; mechanical d. electrical; chemical

d. electrical; chemical

Which neurotransmitter acts as the brain's natural pain killer? Select one: a. dopamine b. serotonin c. glutamate d. endorphins

d. endorphins

The brain's _________ is involved in moral reasoning and decision-making processes. Select one: a. parietal lobe b. left hemisphere c. occipital lobe d. frontal lobe

d. frontal lobe

The amygdala is to emotion as the hippocampus is to: Select one: a. arousal b. movement c. decision making d. memory

d. memory

Arlene goes to her closet to look for her pink cashmere sweater. She looks but doesn't see it and says "my sweater isn't in the closet." Later, her roommate finds the sweater in the closet. In the language of signal detection analysis, Arlene's statement is a _________. Select one: a. hit b. false alarm c. false rejection d. miss

d. miss

The breaks between segments of an axon's myelin sheath are termed _________. Select one: a. terminal buttons b. synapses c. somatic gaps d. nodes of Ranvier

d. nodes of Ranvier

Which of the following is NOT a requirement of ethical research on human participants? Select one: a. participants must be protected from physical and mental harm. b. participants must be assured that their participation is voluntary. c. participants must be aware of the general procedures involved before the study begins. d. participants must be fully informed of the purpose of the research before it begins.

d. participants must be fully informed of the purpose of the research before it begins.

In the _______ review process, research is screened and critiqued by scientists in the field before it is published. Select one: a. panel b. scientific c. expert d. peer

d. peer

Which depth cue is correctly matched with a description? Select one: a. interposition - smaller objects are seen as more distant b. aerial perspective - parallel lines appear to converge with increasing distance c. relative size - when one object overlaps a second, we perceive the second as more distant d. position - objects higher in the field of vision are perceived as more distant

d. position - objects higher in the field of vision are perceived as more distant

Amy is conducting a survey of dating attitudes and behaviors among young adults as part of her masters' thesis work. Amy distributes questionnaires to 200 randomly selected students enrolled in an introductory psychology course at her university. The 200 students constitute Amy's ________. The people of whom she assumes her results will generalizeare termed the _______. Select one: a. control group; population b. experimental group; population c. population; sample d. sample; population

d. sample; population

Dr. Leleux asserts that psychologists should attempt to isolate the fundamental attributes of mental experience. Dr. Leleux appears most sympathetic to the _____ approach in psychology. Select one: a. functionalist b. cognitive c. psychodynamic d. structuralist

d. structuralist

Which of the following is considered the 'master gland' of the endocrine system? Select one: a. the testes or ovaries b. the adrenal glands c. the pancreas d. the pituitary gland

d. the pituitary gland

Which of the following concepts is correctly matched with its definition? Select one: a. hypothesis; a statement translating a conceptual definition into a measured definition b. law; an attribute that can assume different values c. variable; a general, overarching principle d. theory; an integrated framework explaining the data in a given domain

d. theory; an integrated framework explaining the data in a given domain

Juan is applying magnetic pulses to the brains of his research participants to temporarily deactivate a brain region. Which of the following techniques is Juan using? Select one: a. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) b. positron emission tomography (PET) c. electroencephalography (EEG) d. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

d. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Personal statements are to objective statements as _____ are to _____. Select one: a. facts; values b. theories; facts c. values; theories d. values; facts

d. values; facts

In a roller-blading mishap, Wendy fell down and injured the very back of her head. Which of her senses is most likely impaired? Select one: a. hearing b. pain c. taste d. vision

d. vision

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationship between two variables? Select one: a. -.75 b. .00 c. .30 d. .60

a. -.75

Which of the following situations is most likely to involve the action of the parasympathetic nervous system? Select one: a. After a satisfying evening meal, Callum relaxes in front of the television. b. Walking toward her car in a deserted parking garage one night, Danica is surprised by a strange man appearing from nowhere. c. Brooke's finger accidentally grazes a hot iron; she immediately jerks her hand away. d. Alexa sees bright lights after a soccer ball hits the back of her head

a. After a satisfying evening meal, Callum relaxes in front of the television.

Dr. Evans prepares a set of questions to ask college students about their drinking behavior and their attitudes toward alcohol. Dr. Evans is undertaking: Select one: a. a survey b. experimental research c. naturalistic observation d. a case study

a. a survey

Which brain study technique below is correctly matched with its description? Select one: a. fMRI - traces blood flow in the brain b. TMS - records the brain's electrical activity with scalp electrodes c. EEG - examines the extent of brain damage d. PET - temporarily deactivates a brain region

a. fMRI - traces blood flow in the brain

Dr. Kennison relates binge drinking among college students to personality traits such as conscientiousness. Dr. Leblanc relates college binge drinking to the proportion ofstudents living on campus. Dr. Kennison is analyzing binge drinking at the _____ level. Dr. Leblanc is studying binge drinking at the _____ level. Select one: a. interpersonal; social/cultural b. interpersonal; interpersonal c. social/cultural; interpersonal d. social/cultural; social/cultural

a. interpersonal; social/cultural

Which of the following is NOT a binocular cue to depth perception? Select one: a. interposition b. accommodation c. convergence d. binocular disparity

a. interposition

DeAndre is recording instances of physical aggression among children in a schoolyard at recess. DeAndre is undertaking: Select one: a. naturalistic observation b. experimental research c. a survey d. a case study

a. naturalistic observation

Rods are best at _____; cones are best at _____ Select one: a. detecting details and color; detecting black, white and gray b. detecting black, white and gray; detecting details and color c. detecting black and white; detecting gray d. detecting color; detecting details

a. naturalistic observation

The central nervous system consists of _____________. The peripheral nervous system comprises _____________. Select one: a. the brain and the spinal cord the somatic and autonomic nervous systems b. the somatic and autonomic nervous systems; the brain and the spinal cord c. the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems; the somatic and autonomic nervous systems d. the somatic and autonomic nervous systems; the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

a. the brain and the spinal cord the somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Which challenge of studying psychology did Freud bring to our attention? Select one: a. unconscious processes b. individual differences c. multiple causes d. interrelated causes

a. unconscious processes