psych 160 study guide: Test 3

5.21 If you want to deliver entirely from memory an eloquent speech at your 9 a.m. business conference what should you do to achieve this? A. practice the speech in the same room in which the conference will be held B. use mnemonic techniques to learn the speech C. practice the speech on multiple occasions over the course of several days D. all of the above ,

all of the above ,

5.02 The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon shows that we must distinguish between the availability of information in memory and its ________. a. pertinence b. retrievability c. accessibility d. both b and c

both b and c

5.19 How do mnemonics improve memory? A. by eliminating the need to pay attention B. by making meaningless material more meaningful C. by preventing decay of the memory trace D. by reducing the tendency to over organize

by making meaningless material more meaningful

5.13 All of the following assume that long-term storage is permanent except for A. motivated forgetting B. decay C. proactive interference D. encoding specificity

decay

5.29 Facts and events are associated with A. nondeclarative memory B. implicit memory C. skill memory D. declarative memory

declarative memory

5.24 Flashbulb memories provide evidence on the importance of a. levels of processing b. transfer appropriate processing c. maintenance rehearsal d. distinctiveness

distinctiveness

5.10 ___________________rehearsal refers to transferring information to long-term memory by linking it with information already stored there. a. spaced b. massed c. maintenance d. elaborative

elaborative

5.12 Which type of rehearsal results in the best long-term encoding? A. effortful B. proactive C. maintenance D. elaborative

elaborative

5.11 The principle holding that a retrieval cue can be effective only if it is encoded at the time of study is called A. encoding specificity B. mood congruence C. interference D. mnemonic encoding

encoding specificity

5.01 A vivid recollection of the World Trade Center collapsing on September 11 2001 illustrates the concept of: a. encoding specificity b. transfer appropriate processing c. flashbulb memory d. retrograde amnesia ,

flashbulb memory

5.26 You decide to visit a friend whom you have not seen in ten years. Assuming she lives in the same house you try to get there even though you couldn't describe to yourself the directions to your friend's house. As you drive, you just "know" which streets to turn onto. This is an example of a. priming effect b. episodic memory c. explicit memory d. implicit memory ,

implicit memory ,

5.03 Suppose that you conducted an experiment in which people studied material while intoxicated or sober then recalled the material while intoxicated or sober. Which conditions would result in the poorest recall? A. sober study - sober test B. intoxicated study - intoxicated test C. intoxicated study - sober test D. sober study - intoxicated test,

intoxicated study - sober test

5.06 Covertly verbalizing information held in short-term memory illustrates A. maintenance rehearsal B. elaborative rehearsal C. levels of processing D. selective encoding

maintenance rehearsal

5.09 Which of the following is the least effective method of learning or storing new material in long-term memory? A. imagery B. elaborative rehearsal C. organization D. maintenance rehearsal

maintenance rehearsal

5.05 The capacity for recollecting past events and envisioning future events through reconstructive retrieval processes is called a. anterograde amnesia b. retrograde amnesia c. implicit remembering d. mental time travel

mental time travel

5.07 mnemonic method based on locations and imagery is called the A. pegword method B. method of loci C. spatial method D. keyword method

method of loci

5.14 Which of the following is not a mnemonic aid? A. imagery B. elaborative rehearsal C. method of loci D. method of reproduction

method of reproduction

5.28 Priming and conditioning are examples of _______ memory. A. non-declarative B. explicit C. declarative D. sensory

non-declarative

5.27 A friend asks you how to make sushi. You can tell him what the word "sushi" means and when you made it last but you can't remember at all how to make it. This is a failure of A. procedural memory B. semantic memory C. episodic memory D. declarative memory ,

procedural memory

5.18 Remembering to carry out an action at some point in the future is called a. proactive interference b. prospective memory c. conditioned responding d. self-referenced memory

prospective memory

5.17 Information is recovered from long-term memory by a process called A. storage B. encoding C. retrieval D. relearning

retrieval

5.08 Retrieval mode--the attempt to remember a past episode--activates regions in the A. left frontal regions B. right frontal regions C. left parietal regions D. right parietal regions

right frontal regions

5.30 __________________memory refers to factual and conceptual knowledge about the world. a. episodic b. semantic c. echoic d. short-term

semantic

5.04 Levels or depths-of-processing refers to ______ encoding producing better memory than ______ encoding.A. dichotic...binaural B. semantic...sensory C. attended...unattended D. echoic...iconic

semantic...sensory

5.31 Which of the following pairs of concepts do not belong together? a. episodic—explicit b. semantic-implicit c. skills—implicit d. semantic—explicit

semantic—implicit

5.25 Which memory system requires continued attention or rehearsal to prevent forgetting? A. sensory B. short-term C. long-term D. episodic

short-term

5.23 Encoding specificity aids retrieval because A. it involves the formation of a schema B. it prevents decay by introducing a novel factor into an otherwise monotonous routine C. specific encoding operations performed on what is perceived determines what retrieval cues are effective in producing access to what is stored D. it promotes rehearsal by creating specific criteria for encoding

specific encoding operations performed on what is perceived determines what retrieval cues are effective in producing access to what is stored

5.20 How will you retain information most effectively when studying for an exam? a. studying for two hours b. studying for two hours with two 20-minute breaks in between c. studying for four hours, with one 20-minute break in between d. studying as long as possible until you have learned everything ,

studying for two hours with two 20-minute breaks in between

5.15 Which of the following is not a way to improve learning? A. use massed practice B. organize the material C. process material at a deep level D. use elaborative rehearsal

use massed practice

5.22 You are participating in a yearbook study. The experimenter asks if you can recognize students who went to school with you and if you can recall their names. After high school you retrieve names and recognize faces with 90% accuracy. The experimenter keeps your yearbooks, and forty years later asks you to identify pictures your classmates and to recall their names. What was the result? A. you can't distinguish between who you went to school with and who you didn't B. you can recognize with almost 80% accuracy the faces of those you went to school with, but only remember 17% of their names C. you can recognize with almost 80% accuracy who you went to school with and their names D. you can remember with almost 80% accuracy students' names, but not their faces ,

you can recognize with almost 80% accuracy the faces of those you went to school with, but only remember 17% of their names

5.16 During a study of long-term picture memory subjects were shown 2,500 pictures for 10 seconds each. Correct recognition performance should be approximately A. 10% B. 30% C. 60% D. 90% ,

90% ,