Psych 200: Chapter 14 Learning Curves

Dionne has schizophrenia. Which figure offers the BEST rough estimate of the likelihood that her fraternal twin Dianne also has schizophrenia? 25% 14% 35% 5%

14%

Based on data presented in the textbook, the rate of autism spectrum disorder has increased by a factor of at least _____ since 1960. 3 6 2 1.5

3

Autism rates are _____ times higher among boys than among girls.

4

Autism rates are _____ times higher among boys than among girls. 4 3 2 1.5

4

Kaeden is a male infant. How much more likely is he to develop autism than his female infant cousin Jessica? 2 times 10 times 4 times equally

4 times

Monica has just experienced the first major depressive period in her life. She has about a(n) _____ chance of recurrence at some point if the disorder is left untreated. 80% 40% 60% 100%

80%

One of the first theorists to emphasize a cognitive contribution to depression was: Aaron Beck. Alfred Adler. Martin Seligman. Emil Kraepelin.

Aaron Beck.

Among adopted children whose biological mothers had schizophrenia, a disturbed adoptive environment increases the likelihood of developing schizophrenia. Which statement correctly interprets this finding with respect to the diathesis-stress model? Having a biological mother with schizophrenia and being raised in a disturbed adoptive environment are both diatheses. Having a biological mother with schizophrenia is a diathesis; being raised in a disturbed adoptive environment is a stress. Having a biological mother with schizophrenia is a stress; being raised in a disturbed adoptive environment is a diathesis. Having a biological mother with schizophrenia and being raised in a disturbed adoptive environment are both stresses.

Having a biological mother with schizophrenia is a diathesis; being raised in a disturbed adoptive environment is a stress.

According to the helplessness theory, someone who feels helpless is MOST likely to react in which way after failing his driving test the first time? I am so stupid and uncoordinated I cannot even drive correctly! I'll probably never get my license, and I will be a total loser for the rest of my life! I did not study hard enough. Next time, I will study and pass without a problem. The test administrator did not like me! Next time, I will go to a different testing center. It was rainy today and that made the road slippery, which caused me to skid at the stop sign. That is probably why I did not pass.

I am so stupid and uncoordinated I cannot even drive correctly! I'll probably never get my license, and I will be a total loser for the rest of my life!

_____ disorder consists of a prolonged state of severe sadness. Generalized anxiety Major depressive Dissociative identity Bipolar

Major depressive

_____ depression affects some women after childbirth because of changing hormone balances.

Postpartum

Which individual has NOT been diagnosed with a mood disorder? Sarah, who has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder Loni, who has been diagnosed with seasonal affective disorder Rory, who has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder Tremaine, who has been diagnosed with social phobia

Tremaine, who has been diagnosed with social phobia

A man who is sexually aroused only by young children may be diagnosed with: a paraphilic disorder. an elimination disorder. a sexual dysfunction. gender dysphoria.

a paraphilic disorder.

Because of decreased levels of activity in structures in the _____, criminal psychopaths appear to be less sensitive to fear than are noncriminals. corpus callosum frontal lobe amygdala and the hippocampus occipital lobe

amygdala and the hippocampus

Studies suggest that a large percentage of prisoners have _____ personality disorder. avoidant paranoid schizotypal antisocial

antisocial

Dawn has an intense phobia regarding blood and needles. Dawn may be diagnosed with a(n) _____ disorder. somatic bipolar anxiety dissociative

anxiety

Carlos and Maria's daughter is about 3 years old. She rarely makes eye contact with them and seems lost in her own world. She does not seem to make friends with other children. Her diagnosis is MOST likely to be _____ disorder.

autism spectrum

Three-year-old Chase rarely speaks and has little interest in interacting with his siblings or parents. His interest seems completely absorbed by a few of his toys, and sometimes, he will spin around and around for nearly an hour. Chase may be diagnosed with _____ disorder.

autism spectrum

Which disorder is NOT included as a disruptive, impulse control, or conduct disorder in the DSM-5? bulimia intermittent explosive disorder kleptomania conduct disorder

bulimia

A patient shows signs of having both major depression and psychosis. Which term MOST accurately describes this patient's characteristics? craziness suicidal insanity comorbidity

comorbidity

When she leaves the house, Meghan closes, opens, and recloses each window and each door exactly three times. Meghan's behavior exemplifies a(n): compulsion. delusion. obsession. hallucination.

compulsion.

Grayson has been suspended from school several times for fighting with other students. This past week, he was arrested for vandalizing school property, and his mother suspects that he has stolen money from her purse. Grayson may be diagnosed with _____ disorder.

conduct

In _____ disorder, a child or adolescent engages in a persistent pattern of deviant behavior involving aggression, serious rule violations, destruction of property, and/or deceitfulness or theft. attention-deficit/hyperactivity conduct autism spectrum schizotypal

conduct

Marcel has been suspended from school several times for fighting with other students. This past week, he was arrested for vandalizing school property, and his mother suspects that he has stolen money from her purse. Marcel may be diagnosed with _____ disorder. conduct schizotypal attention-deficit/hyperactivity autism spectrum

conduct

A psychiatrist notes that antisocial personality disorder may reflect a genetic and brain-structure vulnerability, coupled with certain negative childhood experiences. The psychiatrist's statement reflects a _____ model.

diathesis-stress

Which symptom of schizophrenia is a positive symptom? catatonia disorganized speech apathy withdrawal

disorganized speech

A severe disruption of verbal communication in which ideas shift rapidly and incoherently from one to another unrelated topic is: disorganized speech. a delusion. grossly disorganized behavior. a hallucination.

disorganized speech.

Trey has been diagnosed with a disorder marked by major disruptions in consciousness, memory, or identity. Trey has been diagnosed with a(n) _____ disorder. bipolar paraphilic somatic dissociative

dissociative

The three main categories of personality disorders in the DSM-5 do NOT include: anxious/inhibited. dramatic/erratic. odd/eccentric. distraught/impaired.

distraught/impaired.

"What causes schizophrenia?" Zoe asks when her best friend is diagnosed with the disorder. Zoe is asking about the cause of schizophrenia, in other words, its _____.

etiology

If one were to study the _____ of a mental illness, one would be studying the cause of the mental illness.

etiology

Which symptom does NOT pertain to bipolar disorder? compulsive spending fear of contamination promiscuous sexual behavior decreased need for sleep

fear of contamination

Which symptom does NOT pertain to bipolar disorder? promiscuous sexual behavior compulsive spending fear of social situations decreased need for sleep

fear of social situations

Fred constantly feels nervous, but not about anything in particular. Because of this, he feels restless, is unable to sleep, and cannot concentrate. Fred may be suffering from _____.

generalized anxiety disorder

Nancy is unable to sleep and cannot concentrate. She feels nervous, but does not know why. Nancy is MOST likely suffering from _____. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished.

generalized anxiety disorder

Which theory of depression proposes that individuals who are more likely to suffer from depression attribute bad experiences to internal, global, and stable causes? helplessness internality preparedness actualization

helplessness

Samantha is constantly seeking attention by acting overly enthusiastic and presenting an air of grandiosity. She may have _____ personality disorder.

histrionic

Todd always acts in a grandiose way, seeking attention from others and displaying excessive enthusiasm. He is MOST likely to be suffering from _____ personality disorder. histrionic borderline antisocial narcissistic

histrionic

When they are presented with negative information, patients who are depressed show _____ activation in brain areas associated with emotion, and _____ activation in areas associated with cognitive control. decreased; increased decreased; decreased increased; decreased increased; increased

increased; decreased

In the diathesis-stress model, diathesis refers to _____ and stress refers to _____. external behaviors; underlying genetic causes underlying genetic causes; external behaviors internal predisposition; an external trigger an external trigger; internal predisposition

internal predisposition; an external trigger

John has been having difficulties getting out of bed, is not interested in going out with friends, and hardly ever answers the phone. He has let a number of bills go unpaid, he is sleeping 12-14 hours a day, and he cannot concentrate at work. He has called in sick to work at least once in the past few weeks. John is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder. antisocial personality bipolar dissociative major depressive

major depressive

Which of these is a mood disorder? social phobia panic disorder major depressive disorder obsessive-compulsive disorder

major depressive disorder

For the past 4 weeks, Orissa has been feeling lethargic and worthless. Her friends are worried because she no longer shows interest in her usual social activities. It is MOST likely that Orissa is suffering from: mania. free-floating anxiety. major depressive disorder. schizophrenia.

major depressive disorder.

For the past 8 weeks, Jennah has been feeling lethargic and worthless. Her friends are worried because she no longer shows interest in her usual social activities. It is MOST likely that Jennah is suffering from: major depressive disorder. free-floating anxiety. mania. schizophrenia.

major depressive disorder.

MOST psychologists today use a _____ model to help them understand and treat psychological disorders. phrenological physiognomy psychical medical

medical

The _____ model conceptualizes psychological disorders as diseases that have biological causes. medical phrenological physiognomy psychical

medical

The DSM-5 is to the _____ as the RDoC is to the _____. psychoanalytic perspective; medical model medical model; psychoanalytic perspective biopsychosocial perspective; medical model medical model; biopsychosocial perspective

medical model; biopsychosocial perspective

Cassidy was just diagnosed with a mental disorder that has emotional disturbance as its predominant feature. Cassidy was MOST likely diagnosed with a(n) _____ disorder. mood anxiety psychotic dissociative

mood

Mental disorders that have emotional disturbance as their predominant feature are called _____ disorders.

mood

Which symptom does NOT pertain to schizophrenia? hallucinations multiple personalities delusions catatonia

multiple personalities

Everyone likes Michael when they first meet him, but after they get to know him, they realize that he brags a lot, exaggerates his accomplishments, and displays an inflated sense of his self-importance. Michael may be suffering from _____ personality disorder. narcissistic dependent borderline histrionic

narcissistic

Don has suffered a stroke in his brain's parietal lobe. This traumatic injury may result in a _____ disorder. neurocognitive dissociative bipolar neurodevelopmental

neurocognitive

Dana sometimes makes several lengthwise cuts on her fingers from the tip down to the first knuckle. Although she bleeds from these cuts, Dana has no intention of killing herself. Dana's case illustrates _____.

nonsuicidal self-injury

Sally is focused on cleaning her home, which she does for 4 hours per day. In particular, the fringe on her rugs must be straight on both sides in all five rooms. This takes considerable time, and she often repeats this task 10 to 12 times per day. Her experience is MOST symptomatic of _____ disorder. generalized anxiety bipolar obsessive-compulsive panic

obsessive-compulsive

Fear of contamination is one of the common symptoms of _____.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Tony keeps having episodes during which he begins to sweat, experiences shortness of breath, and feels like he is going to die. The results of all his medical tests are negative, and the specialists he consults cannot find anything physically wrong with him. His personal physician suggests that Tony may want to see a mental health professional because his symptoms indicate he may have: obsessive-compulsive disorder. panic disorder. agoraphobia. social phobia.

panic disorder.

A(n) _____ disorder is characterized by deeply ingrained, inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others or controlling impulses that cause distress or impaired functioning.

personality

In the DSM, _____ disorders are characterized by marked, persistent, and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities, or situations.

phobic

Disorganized speech is to decreased speech as: delusion is to hallucination. negative symptom is to positive symptom. positive symptom is to negative symptom. hallucination is to delusion.

positive symptom is to negative symptom.

Flashbacks, exaggerated startle reactions, intrusive thoughts, and chronic overarousal are all symptoms of _____.

ptsd

Karen may be developing _____ because she has become increasingly withdrawn during social gatherings. She is so afraid that she will do or say something embarrassing that she has begun to avoid social events altogether.

social phobia

Nora has become increasingly withdrawn. She is so afraid that she will do or say something embarrassing that she has begun to avoid public places and any type of social gathering. Nora may be developing _____.

social phobia

Walter has an intense fear of speaking in public. Because he can only engage in one-on-one discussions, he has been passed over for promotions at work. He may be suffering from: obsessive-compulsive disorder. social phobia. panic disorder. generalized anxiety disorder.

social phobia.

Which symptom of schizophrenia would be considered a negative symptom? withdrawal hallucinations delusions disorganized behavior

withdrawal