Psych-2403 Final exam
***What adler first called fictional finalism, he later called
(a) a guiding fiction
According to Horney, the normal person tends to deal with ___ of the neurotic needs, while the neurotic tends to only ___
(a) all; one
___ is a term used to describe any approach to therapy that is based on learning theory
(a) behavior therapy
According to horney, as long as a person lives in accordance with his/her __, he/she will develop into a normal person
(a) real self
__ explains human personality in terms of future goals
(a) teleology
according to the lecture, who is in the best position to judge which concepts contained within the various personality theories are useful and which are not
(a) you are
***according to horney, when basic hostility generalizes to the entire world and all its people, it is best defined as
(b) - basic anxiety
***as kelly attempted different clinical approaches, he discovered that
(b) anything that caused clients to look at themselves differently improved the situation
An ____ can be defined as an inherited predisposition to respond emotionally to certain categories of experience
(b) archetype
according to horney, who has a need for power?
(b) both normal people and neurotics
According to allport, the terms you include in a letter of recommendation describe a person's
(b) central disposition
according to kelly, what can be understood by an individual is determined by his/her
(b) construct system
Kelly believed that each person creates his or her own contructs, called the
(b) constructive alternativism
according to operant theory, the best way to teach a complex skill is to
(b) divide the skill into basic components and gradually shape it into existence one step at a time
___ involves taking the best information from a variety of viewpoints
(b) eclecticism
the ___ tends to be socialiable, outgoing
(b) extrovert
*** horney believed that our society saw men as inferior to women
(b) false
***Kelley believed that most personality traits are inherited and behavior is explained by female traits
(b) false
***Pavlov is the father of operant conditioning
(b) false
***according to adler, individuals are motivated primarily by what they find most reinforcing
(b) false
according to horney the idealized image is a key motivational construct for healthy individuals
(b) false
for jung, each stage of development is characterized by some form of basic evil that then translates into basic anxiety
(b) false
ivan pavlov thought that people were motivated by intrinsic reinforcement
(b) false
rodgers believed that the best way to understand a client was to have them talk about their dreams and examine the latent content
(b) false
the goals of personality research is to develop a pseudoscience
(b) false
**probably the most common lay explanation of personality is based on
(b) genetics
how, according to rogers, should parents deal with behavioral problems
(b) give the child the feeling that he or she is always loved but the things they do are disliked
according to operant conditioning, both positive and negative reinforcement result in
(b) increase in the rate of responding
***According to adler, any lifestyle which is not aimed at socially useful goals is
(b) mistaken
concerning one's ability to change one's personality, Horney was
(b) optimistic
***according to kelly, the major tool a person a person uses in anticipating events is the
(b) personal construct
***which of the following comes closest to meaning the same thing as phenomenological reality
(b) private reality
Freuds theory is best known as
(b) psychosexual
according to kelly, the scientists main goal is to
(b) reduce uncertainty
*** according to skinner, most human behavior is controlled by
(b) secondary reinforcement
Kelly was said to have taken a credulous attitude towards his clients because he believes
(b) that the information they furnished about themselves could be trusted
according to freud, moral anxiety is
(b) the internal punishment experienced when the dictates of one's superego are violated
according to allport, the moral behavior of healthy adults is governed by
(b) the ought conscience
which of the following did horney refer to as the basic evil
(c) anything that parents do to undermine a child's security
according to kelly, a neurotic
(c) both a and b (bad scientist, continues to make the same predictions)
**According to Freud, anxiety provoking idinal images come from
(c) both a and b - repressed experiences and anxiety-provoking experiences of our ancestors
According to Jung -
(c) both men and women possess traits of the opposite sex
according to allport, terms like intelligent, creative, reliable and persistent exemplify __ dispositions
(c) central
According to Jung, the personal unconscious contains clusters of emotionally loaded thought which Jung called
(c) complexes
expirience alone was unimportant to kelly, what was important was the
(c) construing of the expirience
motives that were at one time means to an end, sometimes become ends in themselves. this describes allport's concept of
(c) functional autonomy
**According to Freud, the __ is governed by the pleasure principle
(c) id
The intense study of the individual case is called __ research
(c) idiographic
the dominant theme running through all of allport's work is the
(c) importance of the individual
It was a disagreement concerning the nature of the __ that Freud and Jung parted ways
(c) libido
According to Freud, when we recall a dream, we describe its __ or what it appears to be about
(c) manifest content
***Adler referred to striving to become more masculine as the
(c) masculine protest
***According to alport, cardinal dispositions are observed in
(c) only a small number of people
** which of the following did freud believe about personality development?
(c) personality is set by about the age of 5
according to allport __ account for the consistency in human behavior
(c) traits
according to rogers, the __ the most important resource that an individual possesses is his/her
(d) actualizing tendency
what conclusion is best drawn based on both test and lecture material in this course?
(d) all of the above
what allport called the proprium, at other times can be called
(d) all the above (soul, self, ego)
according to adler if a person is overwhelmed by feelings of inferiority to the point where he or she is prevented from accomplishing very much, he or she is said to have
(d) an inferiority complex
adler's early position was that individuals with some sort of physical weakness tend to
(d) compensate
*The phenomenon where an analyst forms an emotional attachment to a patient is called
(d) countertransference
Which of the following caused Jung to enter his "dark years"
(d) his break w freud
**** with successive approximation, the responses reinforced are those that are
(d) increasingly similar to the response ultimately desired
most important characteristic of operant behavior is that
(d) it is under the control of its consequences
The term personality is derived from the word persona which means
(d) mask
which of the following is a primary reinforcer
(d) more than one of the above
According to freud, material that a person is not aware of at the moment but could easily become aware of be in the
(d) preconscious
**__ is the most basic ego-defense mechanism because it must occur first
(d) repression
**what did allport learn from his visit with freud
(d) that it's possible to dig so deeply into the mind that important information may be overlooked
*** radical behaviorism
(d)rejects all inner causes of behavior
who believed that humans possess free choice?
Rogers
according to rogers, the __creates a feedback system which allows people to coordinate their expiriences w their actualizing tendencies
a) organismic valuing process
According to Jung, there is an archetype for
a) whatever experiences are universal among humans
among roger's contributions are
all of the above
** Freud referred to life instincts as
b) eros
